Largest oil production regions. Countries of the world rich in oil reserves

The greatest country in the world has one of the world's largest potentials of the most important fuel and energy resources, including oil. The country, which occupies 13% of the entire planet’s territory, contains more than 6% of all proven reserves of black gold in the world. At the same time, the annual production of crude oil in the Russian Federation accounts for more than 12% of the total global production. In terms of proven oil reserves, only such countries as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, the UAE and Venezuela are ahead of Russia.

Oil, as well as its refining, is the basic sector of the entire Russian economy. Oil and refined products of black gold are Russia’s most important export resource. Every year the country exports about 200 million tons of crude oil and this figure is constantly increasing.

WHAT COMPANIES MIN

More than 240 enterprises are engaged in oil production in our country, and more than 95% of the total production volume is provided by 11 oil producing holdings.

Thus, the leading oil companies are Rosneft, TNK-BP and Lukoil. The leading companies in terms of black gold production are Tatneft named after V.D. Shashina, Orenburgneft and Samotlorneftegaz.

MAIN DEPOSITS

About 80% of oil and gas is now produced in fields that have been known since the times of the USSR, but the active search for new fields, as well as improving production technology, continues constantly.

The main center of the Russian oil industry in our time is Western Siberia. More than 65% of all Russian oil is produced here. And the main oil-producing region of Western Siberia is the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Ugra (80% of the black gold of the entire macro-region). The second largest oil producer in Western Siberia is the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Large-scale oil production is also carried out in the Tomsk region.

A little more than 30% of oil is produced in the European part of the Russian Federation. The main volume is mined in the Volga region - the Republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, in the Samara region. Another large oil-producing region in the European part of the country is the Urals (mainly the Orenburg region and the Perm region).

Oil production is also carried out in the macroregion of Eastern Siberia: Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Irkutsk Region. By the way, according to the conclusions of geologists, this particular macroregion is the most promising in terms of searching for new oil fields. Over the entire history of the development of the oil complex of Eastern Siberia, the confirmation rate of the discovery of exact deposits during drilling of structures is 26%.

Also, since the last century, oil has been produced in the North Caucasus (Grozny and Maikop oil and gas regions - the Republics of Chechnya and Adygea).

SALES MARKET

Europe remains the main market that depends on Russian oil. Thus, today more than 90% of all Russian oil exports are sent to European countries. This assessment also includes the markets of Western Europe, the countries of the Mediterranean coast, and the CIS countries.

In turn, supplies of black gold to the market in the Asia-Pacific region are gradually increasing. Oil supplies to China predominate here, which provide the main increase. Oil supplies to the United States do not play a significant role.

Europe will remain the main market for Russian oil in the future. Yes, Russia plans to ensure an increase in supplies of raw materials to European countries, but by increasing oil production it is also planned to strengthen our state’s position in the markets of the Asia-Pacific region and the United States.

HOW MUCH OIL IS IN RUSSIA

There are different estimates. There are oil resources - this is all the oil stored in Russian subsoil. Most of the resources (90%) are classified as non-recoverable. The rest are oil reserves. Some of these reserves have been explored, some have not. If we talk about proven reserves, their volume, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources, amounted to 18 billion tons in 2014 - we are talking about deposits that were studied through drilling. There is also a category of areas where the presence of oil is confirmed not by drilling, but by scientific calculations. Calculations provide a less accurate estimate of possible oil volumes. According to the Ministry of Natural Resources, almost 11 billion tons can be extracted from such areas. According to British Petroleum estimates (their annual review is considered the most authoritative source of information on world oil reserves), Russia's proven oil reserves amount to 12.7 billion tons.

HOW MUCH ARE THE STOCKS SUFFICIENT?

It depends on the extraction technology. The fact is that it is easier to extract oil from some fields, and more difficult from others. The share of hard-to-recover oil is large - according to some estimates, it makes up 60% of all reserves. Conventional oil will last for at least another 10 years if current production levels of about 500 million tons per year are maintained. This is the assessment of the head of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Sergei Donskoy. If during this time oil companies develop “difficult” fields, they will be enough for 30 years of annual production of half a billion.

WILL 30 YEARS PASS AND THE OIL WILL RUN OUT?

No. Oil reserves are constantly replenished. Recently, in Russia, every year the growth exceeds production. For example, in 2013, 523 million tons were mined, and 688 million were explored. In May 2014, the Ministry of Natural Resources promised that by 2020 the reserves would increase by 6 billion tons. True, part of this replenishment (about 20%) occurs only on paper - due to the recalculation of the oil recovery factor for each field. Another 15–20% of the increase is due to the discovery of new deposits. Basically, reserves are replenished by refining old fields - modern technologies make it possible to discover oil that could not be found before. According to the head of Rosnedra Valery Pak, such development of old deposits with modern technologies can last another 5-10 years.

HOW MANY OTHER UNKNOWN DEPOSITS ARE IN RUSSIA?

Unknown. Rosnedra says that oil companies are not investing too actively in exploration. According to the former head of the department, Alexander Popov, over the past 20 years, not a single new oil production area has been prepared in Russia. From 2010 to 2012, there was 25% less drilling. At the same time, the Russian authorities are constantly fighting to expand the continental shelf, on which oil can also be extracted. In 2014, the UN approved an application for an enclave in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk - now the shelf in this area is considered Russian. In the spring of 2015, Russia submitted an application to expand its shelf in the Arctic. According to preliminary estimates, this shelf may contain about 5 billion tons of fuel equivalent. What share of this volume is oil is unknown.

DO THEY PRODUCE HARD-TO-RECOVER OIL IN RUSSIA?

They get it, but not enough. This process began quite recently. By 2020, the Ministry of Energy expects that the share of hard-to-recover oil will be 11% of all production. For comparison: in the United States in 2012, this share amounted to a third of oil produced. The Ministry of Natural Resources and other departments say that previously oil workers simply had no incentive to engage in expensive development of hard-to-reach deposits - conventional sources were sufficient. Tax breaks are provided for companies that are engaged in the development of “difficult” reserves, but Rosnedra believes that the existing tax system does not sufficiently stimulate business.

IS IT ONLY LEFT TO MASTER THE TECHNOLOGY FOR EXTRACTING “DIFFICULT” OIL?

No. This is not the only difficulty. At the beginning of 2015, Rosnedra identified a number of problems that were preventing the replenishment of oil reserves. With low world prices for raw materials and declining demand, oil companies are finding it difficult to find resources to extract hard-to-recover oil. There are also political factors - due to sanctions, some Russian oil companies are now unable to take out loans abroad and invest these funds in development. In addition, some companies are cut off from supplies of foreign equipment for the production of hard-to-recover oil. The department also talks about internal Russian problems - in particular, insufficient liberality of legislation. Rosnedra believes that companies should be allowed to conduct searches where they see fit, and should be allowed to decide, with minimal government intervention, what to do with discovered deposits - sell or develop.

The world's oil production exceeds 4220 million tons of oil per year and is distributed among oil producing states, there are more than 50 of them.

Countries can be divided into groups based on production volumes: less than 50 (others); up to 200; up to 500 and above million tons.

The key difference is the quality, brand and cost of the oil produced, as well as the distance from the place of production to consumers.

Countries with production volumes over 500 million tons

The main volume of oil production in the world is carried out by Russia, Saudi Arabia and the United States; in absolute terms, these countries account for more than 1.5 million tons of oil per year or almost 40% of the world production market. On average, each country produces more than 500 million tons of oil per year or 10 thousand tons per day.

The article “Cost of oil by country” provides data on oil production since 2000.

* – (P) – predicted value, (F) – actual value

Countries with an indicator from 200 to 500 million tons

The second group in terms of production is divided between China and Canada with production volumes in the range of 200-220 million tons per year for each state. They occupy 10% of the world oil market.

(y) - clarification required

States up to 200

The largest group of our review with a production volume of 50 to 200 million tons of oil per year. The largest oil producers of the group are Iran, UAE, Iraq, Kuwait with a volume of 150-200 million tons or 30% of the group's production volume. The group also includes Kazakhstan with a volume of about 80 million.

Other countries less than 50 million million tons

The top three leaders of the group are shared by Oman, Azerbaijan, and India with production volumes slightly above 40 million tons per year. Ukraine produces about 40 million tons.

For reference: Oil production is a sub-sector of the oil industry, a branch of the economy engaged in the extraction of natural minerals - oil.

Despite the decline in oil production in the early 80s and periodic crises, in general, global oil production is steadily growing. Average annual growth rate for the period from 1970 to 2014. amounted to about 2%, and this figure is significantly less than the average annual growth rate of world GDP.

Based on Rosstat data, we prepared a rating of the largest oil-producing regions in Russia. The rating includes regions with a production volume of over 3 million tons. The leaders of the rating, quite expectedly, were the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Tatarstan. These three regions account for about 65% of the oil produced in Russia in 2011. At the same time, only Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug provided more than 50% of black gold production.

At the same time, in 2011, the dynamics of production in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug were negative, and in Tatarstan the growth in production over the past few years has been tens of percentage points.

The overall dynamics in 2011 was most influenced by a significant increase in production in Eastern Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Yakutia). In total, production at the three new largest fields in Eastern Siberia (Vankorskoye, Verkhnechonskoye and Talakanskoye) increased over the year by 36.4% or 6.8 million tons. The rapid growth of production in the east of Russia is associated with the development of a new oil export direction: Siberia - the Pacific Ocean, which is in particular associated with the commissioning of the ESPO oil pipeline.

As can be seen from the ranking, the Irkutsk region (15th place in the ranking) has become the leader in terms of oil production growth rates. In addition, this region provided the maximum increase in production in physical terms - 3.3 million tons. According to RIA Analysts experts, the increase in production in the Irkutsk region in 2012 could amount to another 3 million tons.

The second region in terms of production growth rates in 2011 was the Republic of Yakutia. An increase in production by almost 60% compared to 2010 was ensured by the Talakansky and Alinsky fields, developed by Surgutneftegaz. In total, 5.4 million tons were produced from these fields, which is 62% more than a year earlier. Surgutnetftegaz plans to increase production in Yakutia to 7 million tons in 2012.
The south of the Tyumen region continues to demonstrate high production growth rates. This growth is associated with the development of fields of the Uvat project, which is being implemented by TNK-BP. It is expected that until 2015 in this region the increase in production will be about 1 million tons per year.

In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, which in 2009-2010 was the leader among regions in terms of production growth rates, growth slowed down in 2011. However, in physical terms, the increase in production amounted to 2.5 million tons - this is the second result in the country after the Irkutsk region. The Krasnoyarsk Territory has risen to sixth place in the ranking of oil-producing regions and is very close to the Sakhalin region, although three years ago almost no oil was produced here. The rapid growth of production in the region is ensured by Rosneft's development of the Vankor field. The increase in production in the Krasnoyarsk Territory in 2012 may amount to about 3 million tons.

The worst result of all major oil-producing regions in 2011 was demonstrated by the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, where production decreased by 23% or 4.1 million tons. The decline in production occurred for the second year in a row due to an error in assessing reserves at the Yuzhno-Khylchuyu field, where production decreased by almost twice. It is likely that production in this region will stabilize in 2012, since the development of several new fields began here in 2010-2011.

It is also expected that in 2012 the dynamics of production should improve in the regions leading in the ranking - in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Note that the government forecast assumes that oil production in Russia in 2012 will increase by 0.9 million tons at best. However, RIA-Analytika experts, having analyzed the prospects of each oil-producing region, believe that if the world oil price remains above $100 per barrel, the volume of oil production in Russia as a whole in 2012 will increase compared to 2011 by 4-6 million tons or by 0.8-1.2% (if we take Rosstat data on production in 2011 as a base).

China produces about 4 million barrels of oil every day. The share of Chinese black gold in the world market is 5.71%. The People's Republic of China, being the largest country in terms of population, also leads in terms of consumption of this resource. However, China's own oil reserves are not enough; according to experts, there are about 2.5 billion tons left in the ground. Therefore, China purchases part of the oil from neighboring Russia.

The United States opens the top three world leaders in oil production. Every day, 9 million barrels of this product are produced here, which is 11.8% of global production. It is noteworthy that the United States is not only the largest exporter, but also one of the leaders in the import of this mineral. America holds the largest reserves of oil in case of unforeseen circumstances.

Saudi Arabia produces 10 million barrels of oil every day. The entire economy of this country rests on the export of this mineral. Saudi Arabia sells oil to East Asian countries and the United States. This country receives about 90% of all profits from oil sales. The share of supplied oil on the world market is 13.23%. 36.7 billion tons of product remained in the ground.

The leading country in daily oil production and reserves is Russia. More than 10 million barrels of black gold are mined here every day. 13.92% is the share of Russian oil produced on the world market.

Types of oil and countries that produce them

The most popular brand of oil is called Brent. Its price is fundamental for 70% of all volumes of oil produced. This oil has been produced since 1976 in the Norwegian Sea. This brand got its name, Brent, from the name of all five layers with deposits of this mineral. This brand is in high demand primarily due to its low sulfur content.

In the US, the most common grade of oil is WTI. It practically does not differ in its properties and quality from Brent, only the sulfur content is 0.5%. Most of this oil is used to produce gasoline. That is why this brand is in high demand in the markets of the USA and China.

Oil produced in Russia is called Urals. It is mined in Siberia, the Far East and the northern parts of the Russian Federation. These regions are rich in fairly high-quality oil. Most of the black gold is exported abroad through Transneft pipes. This brand of oil also has a small subtype called Siberian Light. The sulfur content of this product does not exceed 0.57%. It is worth noting that all three grades of oil produced in Russia are directly related to Brent prices.

The Arabic type of oil, Arab Light, is also in demand on the world market. The cost of this product depends on the WTI mark quotes. The producing company Saudi Aramco provides good discounts on oil to countries in Asia and Europe.

World statistics cannot confidently answer the question “how much oil is there in the world.” Therefore, research results and expert opinion are always called into question. This is due to the fact that currently only 25 percent of the world's oil fields are being developed.

Research results show that the world reserve is significantly reduced; analytical examinations prove that the reserve is approximately 1,700 billion barrels. This share will provide humanity for only forty years.

The statistics presented in the article are current as of the end of 2016. The ranking of countries producing the largest amounts of black energy has remained virtually unchanged over the past ten years.

Three leaders controlling the largest reserves

Oil fields are often the cause of many conflict situations between countries. For example, African countries are arguing over oil-rich territory, Libya has conflicting interests with Nigeria, Cameroon with Chad, and there are more than twenty similar disputes.

Latin American states have more than eight conflicts over oil fields, and there are also controversial issues in Europe and the Middle East.

• Venezuela– produces just over three percent of the world. Experts estimate that oil in Venezuela will run out no sooner than in 120 years. The country's oil potential is more than 290 billion barrels or 17% of world reserves. However, the oil of the Latin country has its own characteristics - it is heavier and more difficult to extract. The country ranks tenth in the world in oil production.
• Saudi Arabia- the main extractor and producer of the world's oil potential. Oil reserves amount to more than 265 billion barrels(more than 15% of the world). According to experts, the oil fields in the state will currently provide the country with fuel for more than eighty years. Arabia is the largest producer and supplier of black gold.
• Canada– the share of oil reserves in the country is over 173 billion barrels(more than 10%) mainly due to hard-to-recover oil from sands. The profitability of producing such oil is approaching $90 per barrel. Canadian companies are the main suppliers of oil to America.

The potential of “black gold” in other countries

Most states spend very impressive sums, tens of billions of dollars annually, on the development of oil fields.

• Iran– produces about 4% of the world's oil resources. However, according to researchers, Iran's black gold reserves may run out in seventy years. Iran's share is more than 150 billion barrels (about 9%). Production in the country has been growing since sanctions were lifted and could grow even more in the coming years.
• Iraq. Iraq's largest field, Rumaila, accounts for the majority of the country's production. Iraq's reserves account for about 150 billion barrels, more than 8% of the world's total.
• Russian Federation– produces about 12.5% ​​of oil, having 6% of the world's proven reserves. Experts' forecasts for the availability of oil are disappointing; Russian oil from present deposits may run out within twenty-five years. One of the reasons for this period is considered to be unreasonable government policy. Despite this, the Russian share is 89 billion barrels. However, it is worth considering that Russia still has a lot of hidden reserves - in the Arctic (according to experts, about 90 billion barrels), as well as in shale formations (about 75 billion barrels of recoverable reserves). Developing tight oil reserves requires large investments and high oil prices. The state's economy is mainly built on the export of produced gas and oil.
• Kuwait- about 6% of the world's deposits. Just like in the UAE, oil production can last for about a hundred years. Kuwait's potential is 101 billion barrels.
• United Arab Emirates– the share of the world is comparable to Kuwait - about 6%. Research shows that oil production in Arab fields can last for more than a hundred years. The country holds about 97 billion barrels. Despite the growth of global tourism in this country, much of the economy is supported by energy production and resource extraction.
• USA– produce about 12% of oil, but own only 3%. Moreover, America's oil reserves may run out in the next ten years. The share of oil potential is 34 billion barrels of traditional oil and another about 60 billion of shale oil. America is the second country in the world in terms of consumption of natural energy resources. Moreover, its consumption accounts for more than twenty-five percent of the global level. Due to the introduction of new technologies, the country is increasing shale oil production.

Percentage distribution of world reserves confirmed by analysts and researchers in this field. The remaining countries involved in oil development and supply account for about twelve percent of the world's reserves.

The world's total reserves are approximately 1.7 trillion barrels However, actual reserves may be much larger, due to still unexplored deposits - mainly shale oil, as well as on the shelf.

Countries with relatively small oil reserves

• Libya– the share of oil potential is 3%, although forecasts state that oil production in Libyan fields can be carried out for about sixty years. Proven oil reserves are 47 billion barrels. Libya is in 4th position in gas and oil development on the African continent. The country's economy is based on oil production and exports, which accounts for more than ninety percent of the treasury.
• Nigeria– the country’s share of oil is just over two percent. Nigeria's current oil reserves will run out in 35 years. The potential is about 37 billion barrels. The country is very dependent on the export of black gold - about 80-90% of all budget revenues. The state has the largest deposits on the African continent.
• Kazakhstan– the amount of oil reserves is thirty billion barrels(1.8% of world reserves). After gaining independence, Kazakhstan began to attract global investors. At the same time, the flow of foreign investment into the state’s oil industry has increased significantly.
• Qatar. Natural raw materials in Qatar are extracted from large deposits. The oil industry's potential is more than 25 billion barrels. Reliability in the oil industry ensures the prosperity of the state. Qatar is in fourth place among countries in the ranking for supplies of dry blue fuel.
• China– produces more than 200 million tons at its fields. oil per year. Market share - 5%. Residual reserves in the depths of China 18.5 billion barrels(about 1% of the world). The most populous country has the fastest growing economy. China is the world's leading energy consumer. Every year companies increase the production of natural fuels, but still the main source of energy for China is coal.
• Algeria– the share of global potential is 0,7% (just over twelve billion barrels). A major producer and extractor, Algeria is in second position among African oil production countries. The state parliament attracts investment by reducing taxes for developers of the gas industry and fields.
• India– the share of oil potential is five and a half billion barrels. Fourth place in consumption and import of natural fuel. At the moment, the state is not able to satisfy the need for energy resources within the country. The country's priority has been to increase fuel reserves.
• Australia– 3.8 billion barrels. The continental country attracts global mining companies with its political stability and proximity to Asian countries. The influx of cash from foreign companies has a positive effect on field development. The continent is rich in uranium reserves.

Geographical distribution of oil industry reserves

According to statistics over the past ten years, the Middle and Near East have seen the largest growth. In these areas, oil reserves have increased by one and a half times.

Canada and the South of North America are in second place in the development of oil fields.

Educational information

The absurdity of the situation in the Russian Federation still dismays some analysts. The country with the highest oil production has an inflated cost of gasoline and diesel fuel. However, if we take oil production per capita, Russia is far from the leading position.

In countries whose main budget depends on the oil industry, for example, the United Arab Emirates, the price of gasoline does not exceed six rubles, but per capita oil in such countries is much more than in Russia. It turns out that 60 percent of the price for gasoline consists of various fees, excises and taxes.