The last volcanic eruption in Japan. Ontake volcano eruption in japan

"We published an article" How to sleep less without harming the body?", Where they tried to answer this question in detail. As it turned out, the world is full of wonders, and in the wilds of the Amazon there is a whole tribe: people who never sleep. Both adults and children and old people. Not only do they not sleep - they also do not advise others.

People who never sleep are united in a tribe-nationality called "pirahã", piraha. There are few of them, only about 400 people. By the way, on our website we have already touched upon another Amazon tribe (in the article “ Angel Falls, Jungle, Aboriginal and Sweet Potato Cakes"). True, they are more numerous and more civilized ... But they are also less happy. But let's not get ahead of ourselves.

People who never sleep have a number of amazing features.

What do they say when going to the side? The wishes sound different, but everywhere they express the hope that the interlocutor will sleep sweetly, see naked pigs in a dream and wake up in the morning fresh and full of strength. In pyrah style, "Good night" sounds like " Just do not try to sleep! There are snakes everywhere!»

Piraha believe that sleep is harmful.

First, sleep makes you weak.
Secondly, in a dream you seem to die and wake up as a slightly different person. And the problem is not that this new person you won't like it - you just stop being yourself if you sleep too long and often.
And, thirdly, the snakes here are really in bulk.

So the piraha do not sleep at night. They doze in fits and starts, for 20-30 minutes (familiar sleep rhythm under the article “ How to sleep less without harming the body?"), Leaning on something. The rest

chatting,
laugh,
master,
dancing by the fires
playing with children and dogs
etc..

Nevertheless, the dream is slowly modifying the piraha - each of them remembers that before there were some other people instead of him.

“They were much smaller, did not know how to have sex and even ate milk from their breasts. And then those people all disappeared somewhere, and now instead of them - me. And if I do not sleep for a long time, then perhaps I will not disappear. Finding out that the trick did not work out and I changed again, I take a different name for myself ... "

On average, pirahah change their name every 6-7 years, and for each age they have their own suitable names, so you can always tell by name whether we are talking about a child, teenager, boy, man or old man

Perhaps it was just such a dream, without distinguishing between day and night, that created an unusual attitude to time. There are no concepts in the tribal language (or they are very poorly developed):

"tomorrow"
"today"
"past"
"future".

In general, as in the song:

On the cursed island no calendar

Only the "savages" do not cry at all, but are content and happy.

With no concept of "tomorrow," the Piraha cannot think about the future. They just don't know how to do it. Hence, they make food supplies. Generally. They just catch it and eat it (or they don't catch it and don't eat it, if hunting and fishing luck betrays them).

What do pirahah do when there is no food? Arrange fasting days for themselves. They practice curative fasting even when there is enough food in the village.

The problem with the language led to the fact that for a long time no one could understand pirah. In particular, attempts to impose Christianity on them have constantly failed.

But after a linguist visited the tribe, it turned out that the barrier to understanding was deep in the basics. The Pirahu language turned out to be unique (the only living language from the family of Murano languages - the languages of the middle Amazon). For instance:

in the language there are only seven consonants and three vowels.
Piraha does not know pronouns and if they need to show in speech the difference between "I", "you" and "they" Piraha clumsily use pronouns that are used by their neighbors Tupi Indians
verbs and nouns they do not particularly separate
Piraha do not understand the meaning of the concept of "one".
they do not know numbers and counts, dispensing with only two concepts: "a few" and "a lot." Two, three and four piranhas are a few, but six are obviously a lot.

So it is not possible to find out the history of the tribe, even according to myths - where did they get such ideas about life. Is it that someone will find a time machine 🙂 Or will they still explain the category of time to the piraha and wake up the memories of their ancestors 🙂

The simplicity of the language leads to the absence of a lot of "extra" words:

Courtesy words: "hello", "how are you?", "Thank you", "goodbye", "sorry", "please" and so on are missing.
Likewise, Indians do not understand what shame, guilt, or resentment are. Even small children are not scolded or ashamed here. They may be told that it is stupid to grab the coals from the fire, they will hold the child playing on the bank so that he does not fall into the river, but they do not know how to scold the piraha.

Usually primitiveness is combined with a huge bunch of religious taboos, beliefs and so on (as is typical, for example, for the aborigines of Australia). Whereas Pirah has surprisingly few rituals and religious beliefs:

Piraha know that they, like all living things, are children of the forest. The forest is full of secrets ... not even, the forest is a universe devoid of laws, logic and order. There are many spirits in the forest. All the dead go there. Therefore, the forest is scary.
But the fear of piraha is not the fear of a European. When we are afraid, we feel bad. Piraha, however, consider fear to be just a very strong feeling, not devoid of a certain charm. We can say that they love are afraid.
The idea of a single God, for example, skidded among them for the reason that, as already mentioned, they are not friends with the concept of “one”. The reports that someone had created them were also perceived by the Pirah as bewildered.

So, piraha believe in the spirits of the forest, but do not have religion, rituals, ideas about God or deities.

Moreover, interesting fact: Piraha consider dreams to be part of their real life experience and talk about dream events as if they happened in reality.

As a result, according to eyewitnesses:

People who never sleep are characterized by increased cheerfulness.

True, it would be nice not to participate in social games in general, and in the games of "shame, guilt, resentment" in particular. "

I wonder if it is possible to experience such cheerfulness within the framework of modern civilization? ..

Nature generously endowed the Country rising sun fabulous landscapes. However, some of these gifts are sometimes not only staggering, but also have dangerous, sometimes even deadly qualities. These are volcanoes, the list of which includes both active and dormant volcanic objects. The danger, pleasantly tickling the nerves, attracts hundreds of tourists and explorers from all over the world. Conquering the peaks of Japan's majestic Fire Mountains, travelers make unique photos for memory.

The reasons for the formation of volcanoes

Japan is located at the junction of four tectonic plates: the Eurasian, North American, Philippine, and Pacific. Colliding with each other, they generate faults, tectonic belts and raise the mountainous landscape. Almost every minute the country's seismic stations register powerful tremors, which often develop into destructive earthquakes. This explains a lot why there are many volcanoes in Japan.

Impressive active volcanoes

In the middle of the twentieth century. scientists have more accurately established how much active volcanoes located in Japan. According to the latest classification, there are 450 mountains of fire in the country, of which 110 are active, located from Hokkaido to Iwo Jima. Here they are:

Dormant volcanoes

The death toll from the eruption Ontake volcano which started on Saturday reached 46 people. The unexpected activity of the volcano caught several hundred tourists and climbers on its slopes by surprise. About 100 people managed to descend, the rest were forced to seek shelter on the mountain. At the moment, most of them have already been evacuated by rescuers. Many are hospitalized in critical condition. The exact number of those remaining is unknown, it is assumed that there are about 10-20 people.

The search and rescue operation is proceeding intermittently due to the continued activity of the volcano.

This is how it goes (photo source from Kyodo News) ...

Photo 2.

Ontake Volcano is located 200 km from Tokyo. According to scientists, it was a small eruption.

Photo 3.

Japan is located in the collision zone of tectonic plates, so occasionally there are sudden volcanic eruptions. In the photo: tourists rush to leave the Ontake area.

Photo 4.

A column of volcanic dust during eruptions can reach a height of up to 50 km. This time, Ontake's pole was only 10 km high.

Photo 5.

According to experts, when powerful eruptions the vicinity of the volcano can be covered with a layer of dust ... a kilometer thick.

Photo 6.

The area around the Ontake volcano is covered with only a 20-centimeter layer of dust, but it looks like it is ancient Roman Pompeii.

Photo 7.

According to scientists, if a low-power volcanic eruption is brewing, it is impossible to predict when it will occur. Therefore, it is not always possible to warn tourists about the danger.

Photo 8.

There was no lava outburst, as is usually the case with eruptions, this time - the volcano was born only in clouds of dust and gas.

Photo 9.

A military helicopter evacuates a victim from a mountainside.

Photo 10.

Ontake has over 1,000 rescuers. Their work was interrupted by the release of toxic gases.

Photo 11.

Photo 12.

The death toll from the volcanic eruption of Ontake, which began on Saturday, has reached 46 people. The unexpected activity of the volcano caught several hundred tourists and climbers on its slopes by surprise. About 100 people managed to descend, the rest were forced to seek shelter on the mountain. At the moment, most of them have already been evacuated by rescuers. Many are hospitalized in critical condition. The exact number of those remaining is unknown, it is assumed that there are about 10-20 people.