Red square map of attractions for tourists. The main attractions of red square

A walk around the Kremlin and its environs: what to see and where to walk if you are in the capital for the first time.

Start your walk from Okhotny Ryad metro station. Go out on Manezhnaya Square.

Note the Four Seasons Hotel, formerly hotel "Moscow"... Under it is Museum of Archeology of Moscow.

On the other side of the square is the Manege, the building of which was built in 1817, to the fifth anniversary of the victory over Napoleon at the direction of Emperor Alexander I. Soviet years it was used as a government garage.

The main dominants of the site are the red brick building Historical Museum and Iversky (Voskresensky) gates that connect Red Square from Manezhnaya. There is a bronze sign of the zero kilometer here. It was installed in 1995. Since then, this is one of the most popular places among tourists: coins are thrown here to return to Moscow again. Do not forget to make a wish: if you get exactly in the circle, it will definitely come true. However, this sign is nothing more than a tourist attraction: in fact, the zero kilometer is not here, but near Central Telegraph- in accordance with the historical tradition.

The Historical Museum has a majestic monument to Marshal Georgy Zhukov... It was installed in 1995 in honor of the 50th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War.

Until the second half of the 19th century, on the site of the Historical Museum, there was Zemsky Prikaz, built at the end of the 16th century. Inside it were the city government bodies of Moscow. At the beginning of the 18th century, part of the premises was given to the main pharmacy in Moscow, at which there were "a store of medicinal herbs, a laboratory, a library, a room for a doctor and a pharmacist." And in 1755 Moscow University was opened in the building of the town hall. It occupied several floors of the Zemsky Prikaz until the construction of a separate complex of university buildings on Mokhovaya Street in 1793.

Another historical fact connected with the Zemsky Order: during the time of Peter I, Austria was attached to its wall - one of the first in Moscow. In these drinking establishments (in fact, clubs for foreigners and Russian nobility), everyone who read Moskovskie vedomosti, the first Russian newspaper, was given free drinks. So Peter I instilled in the habit of reading newspapers.

The Resurrection Gate was erected in 1535 as the main gate of the Kitay-Gorod wall, the second Moscow fortress after the Kremlin, and got its name from the nearby Resurrection Monastery. In the 1930s, the gates were demolished because they interfered with the holding of military parades, and in the 1990s they were restored according to old drawings. Next to them is chapel of the Iberian Icon of the Mother of God, which gave the gate its second name.

On the left hand of the gate is located branch of the Historical Museum... This building housed the City Duma - from 1892 to 1917, and in the Soviet years - the Museum of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin.

Then take a walk through the Alexander Garden. It was destroyed in the first quarter of the 19th century by the project of the architect Osip Bove. Previously, in its place was the Neglinnaya River, now hidden in a pipe. It was here that Bulgakov's Margarita first met Azazello.

Garden divides Troitsky bridge, which leads to the eponymous tower of the Kremlin. It is considered the oldest in Moscow: the bridge was erected in 1516 - and since then it has been rebuilt more than once.

While walking, pay attention to grotto "Ruins"... This is a reminder of the war of 1812: it is lined with the rubble of Moscow buildings destroyed by Napoleon's army. Near the grotto there is memorial Complex with the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and Eternal Flame. Once an hour for Post number 1 hundreds of tourists gather to look at solemn shift guard. Sentinels change every hour - regardless of the season and weather conditions.

The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are the main ones in Russia. Twenty towers and the same number of walls were, in fact, a grandiose fortress structure to protect against enemy attacks. Currently, the fortress has lost its fortification purpose. The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are business card Russia, its cultural heritage.

Major attractions

The Kremlin is located on the Moskva River, on its left bank, high. There are several travel towers, the rest are of an architectural and historical nature. The main tower of the ensemble is Spasskaya, it has a chime clock, by which it is customary to meet New Year countrywide. The clock is always accurate, reference time. The Spasskaya Tower is a separate attraction in Moscow, but its interior is closed for tourists.

The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are linked together and complement each other. From the Spasskaya Tower, Vasilievsky Descent originates, leading to the Moskva River, Zamoskvoretsky Bridge and the corner Beklemishevskaya Tower.

Ancient kremlin

In the 16th century, the Kremlin streets were expanded and improved: Nikolskaya, Chudovskaya and Spasskaya. This was done to resettle the numerous boyars and clergy, who literally flooded the territory of the Kremlin, settling down for permanent residence with their families. The vacated zones began to be built up. In 1552, the Ivan the Great belfry received an extension in the form of the Resurrection Church, then the churches of the Three Saints and the Solovetsky Miracle Workers appeared in the courtyard of the Metropolitans. Was radically rebuilt grand ducal palace... The royal family received Bed Chambers near the Church of the Savior on Bor.

The main attractions of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square

The Kremlin houses:

the Armory Museum, which contains unique exhibits: royal carriages and monarchs' clothes, the world famous Monomakh hat, a collection of Easter eggs by a Russian jeweler;
three grandiose cathedrals: Archangel, Annunciation and Assumption.
Church of the Deposition of the Robe;
museum exhibit Tsar Bell;
belfry "Ivan the Great";
Tsar Cannon, a unique weapon.

What's on Red Square?

The main square of Moscow is famous for the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed, its other name - Pokrovsky of stunning beauty was created during the reign of Ivan the Terrible in honor of the conquest of Kazan. The architectural value of the cathedral has not yet been determined. This greatest masterpiece of temple architecture was created by architects named Postnik and Barma. Nine churches are brought together. Each has its own name. In the center is the Church of the Intercession of the Virgin. Then follow:

church chapel of the Three Patriarchs;
Holy Trinity;
Nikola Velikoretsky;
Cyprian and Ustinya;
the entry of the Lord into Jerusalem;
Gregory of Armenian;
Alexander Svirsky;
Varlaam Khutynsky.

In the immediate vicinity of the Intercession Cathedral there is a monument to Minin and Pozharsky. A little further - the Execution Ground, where public executions were carried out. Further, the vast expanse of Red Square, covered with paving stones, spreads. At the end is the Russian Museum. On the left, along Red Square, it ends at the Nikolskaya Passage Tower.

Until recently, the public was interested in the Lenin mausoleum and the section of the Kremlin wall with honorary burials. Today everything there is planted with blue spruce, but this site is not popular. On the opposite side of Red Square is GUM, the oldest Moscow department store.

Illuminating and Red Square, you can mention the annual parade military equipment, which takes place on the square on May 9.

During the Soviet era, many buildings in the Moscow Kremlin were destroyed. Moreover, this was done as a result of the official directives of the Soviet government. The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square were not considered the property of the Soviet regime. Especially many exhibits suffered as a result of the barbaric actions of militant atheists. Many sights of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square were damaged. The letter of the People's Commissar of Education Lunacharsky, which he sent to the chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, Kalinin, in order to prevent further destruction, was recognized as harmful, anti-communist and anti-Soviet. Two of the most ancient Kremlin monasteries - Voznesensky and Miracles - were immediately demolished.

Revival

The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square have been successfully restored in the post-Soviet period. Cathedrals and museums function, new exhibits appear. There is no definite answer to the question of which of the sights of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square is the most interesting. All sights are grandiose, each in its own way. The Armory Chamber, the Intercession Cathedral and the Russian Museum leave a particularly strong impression of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square. It is also impossible to pass by the church ensembles, Cathedral Square, other sacred buildings of antiquity. The exact answer to the question, which of the sights of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square is the most significant, will be given by the Moscow Antiquities Competition, scheduled for 2016.

Red Square in Moscow - favorite place in the capital not only guests, but also Muscovites. She is the symbol of the city, her heart. Its appearance reflects the entire history of Russia.

From the history of Red Square in Moscow

In 1493, by order of Ivan III, all wooden buildings were removed around the Kremlin so that there were no fires. And for trade, a square appeared near the eastern wall, which was called the Torgovaya or Torgom. It was also called the Fire because of the frequent fires that occurred here. In the 16th century, Red Square was called Trinity, after the name of the Trinity Church, located in the southern part of the square. In 1508-1516, a moat more than 36 m wide and 10 m deep was dug along the Kremlin wall for defensive purposes, which was filled with water. In the 17th century, bridges were built across the moat to the Nikolsky and Spassky gates. The square was called Red, which meant beautiful. Gradually, Red Square in Moscow is becoming not only a trade, but also a political center.

Red Square in Moscow - attractions and information for tourists

Red Square in Moscow has always been a crowded place. And the construction on it was carried out in such a way as to justify its name - Beautiful. After the conquest of the Kazan Khanate by Ivan the Terrible in 1555-1560 in the southern part of the square, the Russian architects Barma and Postnik built the Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos on the Moat. In 1588, an additional altar was built in it over the grave of the holy fool Basil the Blessed. And the cathedral began to be called the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed. The cathedral was also rebuilt in the 17th century. Now we see the temple in the form of nine churches on one foundation. This is one of the main attractions of the capital.

Lobnoe mesto, built in the middle of the 16th century, has also survived here. Previously, it was made of wood and the royal decrees were announced from it. For executions, a special design was installed. Later the Execution Ground became stone.

When the victory over the Polish invaders was won in 1605-1615, the Kazan Cathedral was built at the expense of the royal family. Under the leadership of the talented architect P. Baranovsky, the cathedral was restored in 1925-1933. During the struggle against religion, the temple was destroyed. Designed by the architect O.I. Zhurin, a student of P.D. Baranovsky, in 1990-1993. at the expense of the people and the government of Moscow, the cathedral was restored. On November 4, on the Day of the Icon of Our Lady of Kazan, it was consecrated by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II. In the place where it is now located Historical Museum, in the 17th century the Mint and the Main Pharmacy were built.

According to the project of the architect G. Quarenghi, in 1786 the Trade Rows were erected along the moat. Later the square was paved with cobblestones. During Patriotic War 1812 The shopping arcade was destroyed. And the 19th century became a time of intensive development of the square. Under the leadership of the architect O. I. Bove, the building of the Trade Rows was restored in the form of a horizontally elongated form on a through arcade. And in front of the building there is a monument to K. Minin and D. Pozharsky, made by I.P. Martos. In the northern part of the square in 1875 - 1881. according to the project of the architect V. Sherwood, the building of the Historical Museum is being built. And later, in 1889 - 1893, the current GUM building appeared - Upper shopping arcade designed by A. Pomerantsev.

After the 1917 revolution, the name of the square was associated with the victory of the "Reds", and the Red Square and the Kremlin became symbols of the revolution. After the death of V.I. Lenin's Mausoleum was built in 1924. At first it was made of wood, and then, according to the project of the architect A.V. Shchusev was rebuilt in marble. In the 1930s, granite stands were built, and spruce trees were planted around the Kremlin wall. The monument to Minin and Pozharsky was moved. Cobblestone cover has been replaced with cobblestone.

In 1990, the complex of the Moscow Kremlin and Red Square was included in the list of the world cultural heritage UNESCO. Therefore, serious modifications in the appearance of these historical sites from now on there shouldn't be. Historians hope that the completed work on the restoration of the Iberian Gate and the Cathedral of the Kazan Mother of God in the early 90s should be the last.

Unfortunately, sometimes here, in the very heart of our homeland, events are held that are not intended for historical sites. Thus, 250 sand dump trucks were delivered for the stage of the Freestyle World Cup that took place on Vasilyevsky Spusk. Due to the wind, dust flew to the restored Church of St. Basil the Blessed and into it.

For tourists, the following information may be useful. Red Square is open to tourists around the clock. In some cases, when preparations are underway for a big holiday, the visit is closed. Overhaul of the paving stone is planned. Its replacement will be done in parts. The square will not be closed for guests. V last years in winter, a skating rink is flooded near GUM. Its size reaches 3 thousand square meters (about a fourth of Red Square) and can accommodate up to 500 people. There is a wardrobe, skate rental. New Year's Eve organized. Famous artists perform on holidays.

Red Square in Moscow - parade on May 9

Since 1918, parades and demonstrations of workers have been held here. From here on November 7, 1941, our soldiers went to the front line. On June 24, 1945, the Victory Parade was held on Red Square in Moscow.

The parade on Red Square on May 9, 2010 was especially solemn. About 10.5 thousand Russian servicemen and almost a thousand foreign servicemen from the CIS, Poland and Great Britain, France and the USA marched across the square. 161 units of military equipment passed, and 127 planes and helicopters flew in the skies over Moscow. The parades taking place on Red Square in Moscow always attract the attention of Muscovites, guests of the capital and all Russians. At the same time, the paving stones of Red Square suffer from the passage of military equipment.

Red Square (Moscow, Russia) - description, history, location, reviews, photos and videos.

Last Minute Tours to Russia

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Red Square is the main and most famous square in Moscow and Russia, the arena of many important events Russian history and the history of the Soviet state, a place of mass demonstrations of the capital's workers and parades Armed Forces Russia. Muscovites generally do not visit Red Square often - returning from clubs at night and on New Year's Eve.

Even in ancient times, a square appeared near the eastern wall of the Kremlin, where bustling trade was noisy. In the 16th century, it was called Trinity from the name of the church of St. Trinity, which stood on the site of St. Basil's Cathedral. In the Middle Ages, fires often blazed here, so the square had another name - "Fire". From the middle of the 17th century, they began to call it "Red", which in the Old Russian language meant "beautiful".

Modern Red Square is a solid stone, but it acquired this appearance only in the 19th century, and before that it was mostly wooden. The square was completely paved with cobblestones in 1804.

After the revolution, Red Square retained its significance, becoming main square new state. The Lenin Mausoleum was built near the Kremlin wall, making the square the ideological center of Moscow. According to the plan of the socialist reconstruction of Moscow, the Kazan Cathedral was demolished, and even earlier the Iverskaya Chapel with the Resurrection Gate was destroyed. This made space for holiday parades and demonstrations. In November 1941, the famous parade of Soviet troops took place in the besieged capital on Red Square, from where they went straight to the front. And in June 1945, the columns of the Victory Parade marched here, and 200 Nazi banners were thrown at the foot of the Mausoleum. At present, Red Square has regained its historical appearance - thanks to the efforts of the Moscow authorities, national shrines have recently been restored.

Since 1993, photography with the use of professional photographic equipment and a tripod on Red Square and other territories adjacent to the Kremlin has been prohibited. All cameras with a body height of more than 140 mm and a removable lens diameter of more than 70 mm are banned. To obtain permission, you must contact the Commandant's Office of the Moscow Kremlin. The application for filming must be brought in person and wait for permission within a few days - applications are not accepted by fax or e-mail.

What to see

On the north side, Red Square is surrounded by the Historical Museum (architect Vladimir Osipovich Sherwood, engineer AA Semenov, 1875-1883) with a restaurant of traditional Russian cuisine. From the south - the most beautiful Cathedral of the Intercession on the Moat (St. Basil's Cathedral, 1555-1560) Basil the Blessed is a popular, unofficial name - on behalf of the Moscow holy fool, who was buried at the northeastern corner of the temple.

Almost the entire side opposite the Kremlin is occupied by the Upper Trading Rows - now GUM. Near St. Basil the Blessed there is now the very first monument in Moscow, a monument to "Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky." Here, near St.Basil the Blessed, is the Execution Ground (literal translation of the Hebrew Golgotha). Lenin's mausoleum is near the Kremlin wall.

Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God

The Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God (St. Basil's Cathedral) was built by order of Ivan the Terrible in honor of the capture of the Kazan Khanate, part of the former Golden Horde. The temple was erected by Russian architects Barma and Postnik Yakovlev. There is a legend that after seeing the temple, Ivan the Terrible ordered to blind the craftsmen so that they could not build such a miracle anywhere else. The throne of the central tent was consecrated in the name of the Intercession of the Mother of God, and the cathedral began to be fully called the Temple of the Intercession of the Mother of God on the Moat. The small church of St. Basil the Blessed, later built on the grave of the holy fool revered in Moscow, later gave the whole temple a different, more common name - St. Basil's Cathedral.

Red Square at night

Place of execution

To the left of the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed is Execution Ground - a high platform of white stone behind a cast-iron fence. It appeared here in the first half of the 16th century and served as a platform from which the royal decrees were announced and sentences were announced to criminals.

Execution ground is located on a steep hill - "vzlobye". In Orthodox Moscow, it symbolized Mount Golgotha in Jerusalem, on which Jesus Christ was crucified.

At the Execution Ground, holy relics were exhibited for a nationwide celebration, from here Ivan the Terrible addressed the people, and the boyars Boris Godunov and Vasily Shuisky were proclaimed tsars from him. According to custom, when the heirs to the throne reached the age of 14, they were carried in their arms to the Execution Ground, so that the people could see their future legitimate tsar with their own eyes and would not allow the impostors to ascend the Russian throne. Contrary to popular belief, executions at the Execution Ground have never been carried out. Scaffolds were placed near him, and more often - on Vasilyevsky Spusk behind St. Basil's Cathedral.

Monument to Minin and Pozharsky

The monument to the leaders of the people's militia in 1612, Minin and Pozharsky, was erected on Red Square in 1818 by the design of the sculptor I. Martos. Until 1936, the monument stood in the center of Red Square, and Minin symbolically pointed out to Pozharsky the Moscow Kremlin occupied by the Poles, calling for his release. After the construction of the mausoleum, the monument turned out to be directly opposite it, and Minin's belligerent gesture became very ambiguous, moreover, the monument began to interfere with the demonstrations. At that time, there were calls to destroy it, but then the monument was moved to St. Basil's Cathedral.

Lenin's mausoleum

The mausoleum was built on Red Square in January 1924 by the architect A. Shchusev to preserve Lenin's body. The name comes from the tomb of the Carian king Mavsol, built in Halicarnassus (Asia Minor) in the 4th century BC. e. In the spring of 1924 Shchusev received the task to build a new mausoleum - monumental and majestic, and the mausoleum in the form of a stepped pyramid, symbolizing eternity, was erected in two months. It was very similar to the modern granite one, but it was made of wood - then it was still unknown whether it would be possible to preserve Lenin's embalmed body for a long time. Later, a decree was issued to replace the wooden mausoleum with a stone one, without changing its usual appearance. Shchusev proposed a project for a granite mausoleum, which was erected on the square in 1930. In March 1953, a sarcophagus with Stalin's body was installed in the mausoleum, but during the Khrushchev "thaw" it was decided to bury it in the necropolis near the Kremlin wall, where the graves of the greatest figures are located the Soviet state.

Kazan Cathedral

Kazan Cathedral is the first of the temples restored in the post-Soviet period in Moscow. It was built in the second quarter of the 17th century in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in gratitude for the deliverance of Russia from the Polish-Lithuanian invaders in 1612 and in memory of the fallen Russian soldiers. After the revolution, the Kazan Cathedral shared the sad fate of most of Moscow's churches, although in the 1920s the architect P. D. Baranovsky managed to restore it and remove the blueprints. In the summer of 1936, the cathedral was demolished, and later a summer cafe was opened here. By the decision of the Moscow government, the Kazan Cathedral on Red Square was restored according to the project of Baranovsky's student Oleg Zhurin. On November 4, 1990, Patriarch Alexy II laid the foundation stone of the cathedral, and three years later he consecrated the newly erected temple.

Chapel of the Iberian Icon of the Mother of God

The chapel of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God at the Resurrection Gate has always been one of the most revered Moscow shrines. The exact copy (as they called the copy from the icons) from the Iberian icon was brought to Moscow in the 17th century, and it was placed on the Neglinenskaya (Neglinnaya) tower. To protect the Iberian Icon and people praying from the wind and rain, a small canopy was erected over it. This is how the Iverskaya Chapel appeared in Moscow. The place for it was not chosen by chance: the Neglinenskie gates were the main gates of Kitai-gorod, and through them, according to tradition, the ceremonial entries of the Russian tsars to Red Square were made. Therefore, there was another name at the gate - Triumphal.

In 1680 the dilapidated gate was rebuilt, and then two high tents, crowned with two-headed eagles, appeared over it. An icon of the Resurrection of Christ was placed above the gate, and since then they have been called the Resurrection. Mine modern look The Iverskaya chapel received at the end of the 18th century. After the revolution, the Iverskaya chapel was demolished, and in 1931 the Resurrection Gates were also demolished, making room for the passage of demonstrations and car traffic. Recently, a copy of the original Iberian icon was made again on Athos. In November 1994, Patriarch Alexy II consecrated the foundation stone of the Iberian Chapel and the Resurrection Gate. In less than a year they were restored according to the project of the architect Oleg Zhurin. In 1995 the chapel was reopened.

How to get there: on foot from the station. m. "Revolution Square" and "Okhotny Ryad".