Geography lesson: what is the tallest mountain in the world. The tallest mountains in the world: Seven Peaks As the tallest mountains are called

There are many highest peaks on planet Earth. People conquer them, chant, study with interest where the highest mountains are. One of these places is called Everest - it is the tallest mountain in the world, known not only for its height, but also for numerous ascents in attempts to conquer it, hundreds of lost lives and an interesting history of exploration. In addition to it, there are 13 more mountains that have passed the 8,000-meter mark.

Highest mountains

The list of the largest mountains on planet Earth includes 117 names. Most of the highest peaks, which are more than 7200 meters, fell into it. Most of them are located in Asia, in the Himalayas - a chain that stretches from India to Bhutan. The rating is opened by the highest peak on earth - Everest. The highest mountains on earth also belong to the Himalayan eight-thousanders: Annapurna, Dhaulagiri, Kanchenjunga, Karakorum, Lhotse, Makalu, Manaslu, Nangaparbat, Chogori. Let's pay attention to those mountains that are located on other continents of the world:

• In the first place is Everest (Chomolungma), 8848 meters. It is located in the central Himalayas.
• The American mountain Aconcagua from Argentina ranks second and reaches 6961 m.
• In Alaska, there is McKinley Peak, 6168 m.
• The famous Kilimanjaro from Africa is ranked fourth thanks to its 5891.8 meters.
• Elbrus, popular among climbers, is located in the Greater Caucasus. Height - 5642 m. Its first conquest in the Caucasus Mountains dates back to 1829.
• Vinson, whose height is 4897 meters. This is the highest peak in Antarctica.
• Mont Blanc is the largest peak in Europe. Reaches 4810 m.
• Kostsyushko is the mountain that Australia can boast of. Height - 2228 meters.
• Carstens pyramid (4884 m). Refers to the highest peaks in Australia and Oceania.

The highest peak in the world

Any height on land is usually measured from sea level, which determines which mountains are the highest. Since its position is constantly changing, a constant average long-term indicator is taken as a basis. It does not depend on fluctuations in water, ebb, flow and vapor, therefore it is an accurate mark. The elevation above this level is calculated vertically from the mountain, the position of which is determined to the average level of the surface. So it was revealed that the largest points of the earth reach almost 9 thousand meters.

What is the name of

The highest mountain in the world is part of the Himalayan mountain belt, located on the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range and is known by the names: Chomolungma, Everest, Sagarmatha, Chomo-Kankar. The first name was given to the mountain by the inhabitants of Tibet. It means the Goddess of the world or the Divine mother. The second name - Everest appeared in 1856. The mountain is named after Sir George Everest, who was the first to conquer it. The European name was preceded by the local name Chomo-Kankar or the Queen of Snow White. Sagarmatha is a Nepalese word that means Mother of the Gods.

Where is

The Himalayas have gathered in their chain the highest mountains in the world. This is Everest, which is located on the border of Nepal with the border of China. There is a smaller peak in Nepal, and the highest in China. Everest is the crown of the main ridge of the entire chain. Around the base of the mountain is the national park of the country of Nepal - Sagarmatha. In the same region there is a base camp, from where you can start your ascent. The nearest settlement, where the base for climbers is located, is also located in Nepalese territory. This is the village of Lukla.

What height

There are two highest points on Chomolungma: the southern one, the peak of which reaches 8760 meters above sea level, and the northern one, which is the main one, reaching 8848 meters. On the southern slopes and on the eastern side, the mountain is sheer cliffs that are not even covered with snow. The northern slopes reach 8393 meters. Because of these three sides, Everest is shaped like a triangle. From the ground to its highest point, the mountain stretched upwards for three and a half kilometers.

Climbing history

Although the mountain is distinguished by harsh natural conditions, the temperature exceeds -60 degrees and the strongest wind constantly blows, climbers regularly try to conquer Chomolungma - one of the most difficult peaks. The history of ascents began in 1921, but the mountain did not surrender immediately. The first to reach the top was an Englishman, after whom the mountain bears one of its names. It dates back to 1953. Since then, another four thousand people have climbed. Chomolungma is stormed by 400 people annually. Of the total number of climbers, 11% have died and continue to die.

The highest peak in the world

Long before Everest was the answer to the question of what is the name of the largest mountain in the world, it was the extinct volcano Chimborazo from the mountain ranges of the Ecuadorian Andes. The top of the volcano is at the farthest distance from the center of the Earth. According to the satellite navigation system, which was used to measure in 2016, the volcano reaches a height of 6384 meters from the center of the Earth. If we start from this indicator, then Everest loses three meters to him and takes second place. The length of the Himalayan summit is 6381 meters.

The highest mountains in the world have different names, but at the same time they can be called briefly - Seven Peaks is a term that appeared in 1985 at the suggestion of Richard Bass (the man who first conquered all seven peaks) and united the seven highest peaks on each continent. This association is not equal to the rating of the highest mountains in the world, most of which are located in Nepal. This list is made up of mountains, each of which is the highest on its continent.

The highest peak in North America is located in Alaska and is the center of Denali National Park. The top of Mount McKinley is 6194 meters from the ground. This mountain is the third in the world in terms of topographic position, it was overtaken only by Everest and Aconcagua. And if you take into account the ratio of the base to the peak, then McKinley is the highest mountain in the world. The mountain got its name in honor of the American president, and the Indian name - Denali - means "great."

Part of the Andes and with a height of 6959 meters, Mount Aconcagua is considered the highest peak in South America. The mountain is located in the Argentine province of Mendoza and is 15 km away from the border with Chile. The name of the mountain comes from the words in the language of the Quechua people "stone guard".

Europe - Mount Elbrus (Russia)

Elbrus is an inactive 5642 meter high volcano located in the Caucasus Mountains on the border of Russia and Georgia.

Elbrus has several other names, the most romantic of which is translated from Adyghe and Kabardino-Circassian means "mountain that brings happiness."

Asia - Mount Everest (Nepal / China)

The highest mountain in the world, Everest, is located exactly on the border of Nepal and China. Everest is part of the Himalayas - the highest mountain range in the world. It is here that the highest mountains in the world are located. The height of Everest is 8848 meters. Everest attracts all climbers in the world and this is understandable. Technically, Everest's routes are not very difficult, but they add to them problems such as altitude sickness, strong winds and disgusting weather conditions. The name Everest is English - in honor of the head of the geodetic service, who first told the European community about this peak. The mountain has the Tibetan name Chomolungma (divine mother of life) and the equivalent Nepalese Sagarmatha (mother of the gods).

The highest mountain on the African continent is an extinct volcano, the highest point of which is 5895 meters distant from sea level. Moreover, Kilimanjaro has three peaks, two of which are extinguished, and the third may well wake up. Kilimanjaro erupted 360,000 years ago, but volcanic activity at Kibo Peak (the highest of the three) was seen 200 years ago, suggesting that the volcano is potentially active. In Swahili, the name Kilimanjaro means "sparkling mountain".

The highest point in Oceania is also the tallest mountain in the world and is located on the island. Punchak Jaya is located in the west of the island of New Guinea. The height of Punchak-Jaya Mountain, which is also called simply Jaya or Karstenza Pyramid, is 4884 meters. The name of the mountain in Indonesian means "mountain of victory".

Antarctica - Mount Vinson

The seventh of the highest mountains in the world got its name in honor of Carl Vinson, an American eminent politician. The Vinson Massif is part of the Ellsworth Mountains and has a highest point 4892 meters from sea level.

Seven mountains, each of which is unique in its origin and beauty, beckon climbers from all over the world. The climbers who have conquered the Seven Peaks are united in an informal community.

Two types of large forms can be found on the surface of the Earth. These are mountains and.

The mountains are very diverse. Most often, they form mountainous countries in which peaks can be found - individual mountains, noticeably rising above the general level of the mountainous country (Elbrus na, Chomolungma in the Himalayas, Belukha in Altai). In, the mountains are often conical in shape with a flattened or rocky top. These mountains are called hills. Mountains of special type, formed as a result of prolonged destruction, are called hillock and are found, for example, in the Central. It is characterized by randomly scattered hills and small ridges of various shapes, sometimes with slightly pointed peaks and a wide base, with a relative height of 50-100 m. They are separated by wide flat basins, often occupied by lakes, or valleys.

For the relief of mountainous countries, mountain ranges are typical - mountain structures extended over long distances with a well-defined axis in the form of a single watershed line, along which the greatest heights are grouped. The ridge has two slopes, often asymmetrical, often of different steepness. For example, in the Ural Mountains, the eastern slope is steep, and the western one is gentle. This is due to the historical development of the mountainous country. The summit of the ridge is called a ridge. Depending on the age of the rocks, it is different. The summit of young mountains is most often peaked, and of old ones it is rounded or plateau-like. Wide depressions with gentle slopes are called mountain passes. If a mountain ridge is not high, has soft, rounded outlines of peaks, then it is called a ridge. Usually these are the remnants of ancient destroyed mountains, for example, in Russia the Timan Ridge, Yenisei Ridge and others are located. A weakly dissected mountain uplift with a pronounced bottom, approximately equally elongated in length and width, is called a mountain range (for example, in). The area where two or more mountain ranges intersect is called a mountain knot. Usually, the mountains in the mountainous knot are high, inaccessible (for example, the Tabyk-Bogdo-Ola mountain knot in Altai). Mountain ranges, uniform in origin, located in a certain order (linearly or radially diverging), make up the mountain system. The lowered outskirts in such are called foothills. Many mountains in Africa have flat peaks and steep or stepped slopes. These mountains are called dining rooms. They arise most often when the flowing waters are dissected by the stratal plains, and their tops are formed by solid deposits. The peaks of mountains constantly covered with snow are called squirrels (), and the bare peaks located above the limits are called loaches; they are usually domed.

In terms of height, the mountains are divided into 3 groups:

1. low (800 m above sea level): Northern Urals, Tien Shan spurs, individual ridges;
2. medium-altitude (up to 2000 m above sea level). They are characterized by smooth, soft outlines of peaks, gentle slopes (mountains of the Middle). They are covered and do not rise above the snow line. Very rarely, these mountains have pointed peaks, a narrow jagged ridge (Polar Urals, mountains);
3. high (more than 2000 m above sea level). Such mountains have steep slopes, their ridges are narrow, jagged. These are the mountains of the Pamir, Tien Shan, Caucasus, Himalayas,.

By origin, the mountains can be divided into tectonic and volcanic. Tectonic mountains arose as a result of the movement of the earth's crust. In mobile zones, most often at the edges, as a result of tectonic movements, they are crumpled into folds of various sizes and steepness. This is how folded mountains are formed. On land, folded mountains are a rare phenomenon, since when they rise above sea level, the folds of rocks lose their plasticity and begin to break, give cracks with folding displacements. Typical mountains of this type have survived only in isolated areas in the Himalayas (young mountains), which arose in alpine folding.

With repeated tectonic movements, when the rock folds, which have lost their plasticity and hardened, are fractured into large blocks of the earth's crust, which rise or fall, folded-block mountains arise. This type is typical for old mountains. Thus, the folded mountains of Altai, which arose in the Caledonian era of mountain building, were subjected to a second time in the Hercynian and Mesozoic eras. During the Alpine folding, they finally turned into folded-block mountains, like many other mountain structures.

Mountains are not only characteristic of land. Solitary mountains seem to be scattered throughout. There are many volcanoes, both active and extinct. Some of them rise above the water surface, forming. Others spew lava and ash under water, which sink to the bottom. Extinct ocean volcanoes differ from land volcanoes in that they have flat tops and currents.

There are mountain ranges in the ocean. So, in 1948, Soviet expeditions discovered a 1800 km water ridge. It was named after the great Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov. The most important discoveries of recent years are mid-ocean ridges. These are swell-like uplifts of the earth's crust. They are usually located almost in the middle of each ocean, forming a single chain. A fault usually runs along the axis of the uplift - a gorge up to 3 km deep and up to 50 km wide. Outpourings occur at the bottom of the gorge, hot springs operate, and volcanoes erupt on the slopes of ridges. The ridges are dissected by transverse faults, which are associated with volcanism and. Islands are formed where the tops of the mid-ocean ridges come to the surface. An example of such an island is. Seamounts often exceed mountains on land.

So, parts of the earth's surface that are highly elevated above the plain and strongly dissected are called mountains.

Highest mountain peaks

Mountain

noun, f., uptr. Often

Morphology: (no) what? the mountains what? sorrow, (see) what? mountain, how? mountain, about what? oh woe; pl. what? the mountains, (no) what? gore what? mountains, (see) what? the mountains, how? mountains, about what? about the mountains

1. Mountain- this is a large mass of earth, stone, formed in the process of forming the relief of the earth's surface, a hill that rises above the surrounding area by tens, hundreds, sometimes thousands of meters.

Summit, foot of the mountain. | Ridge, chain of mountains. | The slopes of the mountain were covered with coniferous forests. | The sun rose from behind the mountains. | We went down a narrow path from the mountain.

2. Mountains called areas in the relief of which are dominated by hills.

Despite the outward severity, the inhabitants of the mountains are very hospitable. | The whole family loved Sunday walks in the mountains. | The sanatorium was located in the mountains.

3. Mountain is called an elevation specially built of snow, ice, wood, etc., as well as natural gentle slopes used for sledging, skiing, etc.

Children ride from the mountains. | In winter, a huge ice mountain was erected on the square for the entertainment of the public.

4. Mountain they name a lot of objects, things, etc., which are piled up, piled up in a large pile; in colloquial speech.

In the corner lay a pile of old newspapers. | Mountains of books towered throughout the vault.

5. If you say that you have mountain something, for example, affairs, worries, money, etc., means a very large number; in colloquial speech.

I redid a lot of things. | There was no income from the hotel, and there was a whole mountain of worries.

6. If you have (like) a mountain off my shoulders (fell), which means that you have experienced great relief from the fact that some business was successfully completed, a difficult question, situation, etc., that worried, worried you, was resolved; in colloquial speech.

When her son returned from the army alive and well, she fell off her shoulders like a mountain.

7. If you can, ready, etc. mountain (mountains) move (move) it means that you feel able to do a lot, even what seems impossible; in colloquial speech.

For the sake of fulfilling his dream, he was ready to move mountains.

8. If any event not far away, which means that it will happen soon.

Autumn is just around the corner.

9. If anyone going uphill, which means that he is successfully making a career, getting rich, becoming an influential person, etc.

His position is still small, but he is still young and is quickly going uphill.

10. If someone walks, rolls, etc. downhill, which means that he loses his former well-being, loses influence, authority.

Having lost all his posts, he quickly rolled downhill.

11. If anyone promises mountains of gold, which means that he promises a lot of all kinds of benefits; in colloquial speech.

When they were invited to work here, they promised mountains of gold, but now they don't even pay their salaries on time.

12. If you get up uphill for someone, something, it means that you with all your might stand up for someone or something, protect someone or something.

He always stood up like a mountain for his friends.

13. Feast by the mountain talk about a noisy, cheerful feast with a plentiful treat; in colloquial speech.

There was a mountain feast in the house: music, laughter, cheerful voices sounded.

mountainous adj.

Mountainous terrain.

mountain adj.

Mountain range.

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Dmitriev... D. V. Dmitriev. 2003.

Antonyms:

See what "mountain" is in other dictionaries:

Goral ... Russian verbal stress

The mythological functions of G. are diverse. G. acts as the most widespread variant of the transformation of the world tree. T. is often perceived as an image of the world, a model of the universe, which reflects all the main elements and parameters ... ... Encyclopedia of mythology

Female the general name of any earthly elevation, · opposite. dol, razdol, valley, ravine, lowland; (but flatness, plain, absence of both). Distinguish between the bottom or under the mountains, top or top, slope, side or eel, but relatively ... ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

S, wines. mountain; pl. mountains, dates. am; f. 1. Significant elevation, rising above the surrounding area. Steep, rocky, wooded mountain Summit, the foot of the mountain. Ridge, chain of mountains. Climb the mountain (up the mountain) The sun went down over the mountain (over the mountain). ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

1. MOUNTAIN1, mountains, pl. mountains, mountains, women. 1. Significant elevation, rising above the surrounding area. || High bank of the river (region). Nice little mountain goes. 2. Rise, a pile made of snow, for sledding from it. Ride with ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

1. MOUNTAIN1, mountains, pl. mountains, mountains, women. 1. Significant elevation, rising above the surrounding area. || High bank of the river (region). Nice little mountain goes. 2. Rise, a pile made of snow, for sledding from it. Ride with ... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Vin. p. mountain, ukr. mountain, st. glory. mountain ὄρος, mountain ἄνω, bulg. mountain forest, serbohorv. gòra, wines. n. gȍru, slovenian. gora, Czech. hora, Polish. gora, in. puddles. hora, n. puddles. gora. Related to other Prussian. garian cf. R. wood, lit. girià, dial. gìrė̂ ... ... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Vasmer

Upland, elevation, hillock, hillock, hillock, hillock, mound, hill, volcano, heights, plateau, foothill. Top, foot, bottom of the mountain. Ridge (ridge, ridge, chain) mountains. See upland. mountains, just around the corner, uphill, not far off, ... ... Synonym dictionary