Who shot down the Malaysian Boeing 777?
Who shot down the Malaysian Boeing 777? Ukraine air-to-air. The fighter struck the plane.
As a reminder, the Boeing 777 airliner was shot down on July 17, 2014 in the Donetsk region. The crash killed all 298 people on board.
The Malaysian Boeing was hit by a combined attack from the Su-25 M1 attack aircraft. The first bombardment from the Su-25 M1 was carried out along the course of the Boeing's flight in pursuit - most likely, the attack aircraft was located on the right side of the tail of the Malaysian aircraft and fired, moving in the direction of the right engine - in this direction the aircraft fired several shots from a 23 mm air cannon or 30 mm.
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In Holland, a model has been compiled from the wreckage of a Boeing crashed in Donetsk. From photographs of the wreckage from the crash site, you can make an approximate reconstruction of the aircraft body. Among the photographs, at least two were found, which refute the version about the attack of the aircraft from the "BUK" complex.
One photo shows an object that looks like a rod from an R-60M aircraft missile, and the other shows a round hole in the air intake of the right engine. There are at least nine holes in the casing, characteristic of the operation of the warhead of an air-to-air missile.
Already next week, on March 3, 5 and 6, 2015, almost five thousand people - relatives and friends of those killed in the Boeing crash in Donetsk - will see a model of the Malaysian Airlines Boeing 777 assembled from the wreckage at the Gilze airbase. -Riyen in Holland. The last large fragments, a whole truck, are still in Petropavlovka - Dutch journalists were able to get to them only on February 22, 2015.
The most attention was immediately attracted by the left side of the cockpit, here the plane had a lot of damage. The largest hole in the center of the wreck has jagged edges that are curved outward, which is typical for an explosion from the inside or decompression due to a sharp drop in pressure.
The cladding material in this place is the most dense - it is made of reinforced aluminum (according to other sources, a titanium plate is used), laid in two layers in order to prevent damage to the cabin in a possible collision with a bird.
According to some reports, the thickness of one layer of the sheet is 1.8 mm, the other layer is 0.8 mm. We also know that most of the Boeing-777's fuselage skin is only 2 mm (0.09 in) thick. When the photograph is enlarged, we see many small marks - "pockmarks" and black spots of soot on the outside of the cab, as well as the edges of the outer skin that are bent outward.
This indicates that the striking projectile exploded in the immediate vicinity of the aircraft skin. According to some estimates, the distance from the cockpit to the epicenter of the explosion could be as little as 50 cm to 4-5 m. While the radius of the "BUK" strike zone is 17 m, the missile explodes in front of and above the target, making a hill, and creates a large cloud of six thousand fragments ().
In addition to several dozen rounded and oval holes, in the front of the Boeing there is also at least five holes that are rectangular and square... However, none of them hit the skin directly from the outside, so it is difficult to determine their size. But we are talking about sizes over 1 cm.
Compared to the rivet heads, the size of these holes ranges from 3 cm to 10 cm in length. The impact angle of the shrapnel can be equal to 25-30 degrees.
HOW THE BUK SHOOTS The 9M38M1 missile used in the BUK-M1 systems consists of a 9N314 high-explosive fragmentation warhead weighing 70 kg. It is based on 32 kg of submunitions (4500 elements weighing 8 g in the form of an I-beam (average between the letters H and X) and 1500 cubes weighing 4 g).
The network has a photo of one of the warheads of the missile system. I-beam fragments - 13 mm. Cubes diameter
If this type of Earth-to-Air missile were used to attack Boeing, then most of the fragmentation holes would have left characteristic rectangular traces (I-beams have better penetrating power than cubes).
One of the users of LiveJournal conducted an experiment - these are the traces the BUK should have left in the Boeing's skin if at least a few fragments of 4,500 had flown into it at an angle close to a straight line.
What does the bombardment of an aircraft from the "BUK" look like? The network contains photographs of the wreckage of three aircraft shot down over the past 15 years, presumably from the BUK anti-aircraft missile systems. In all cases, the crew remained alive for some time after the missile strike.
In all cases, aircraft skin looks about the same - many small round or cross-shaped holes.
The wreckage of the An-26 aircraft shot down in Ukraine on July 14, 2014 at an altitude of 6500 m. It is known that on June 29, 2014, militias seized military unit 1402 in Donetsk, where there was one defective BUK installation, however, then the DPR representatives said that they were not going to repair it.
It is known, for example, that the Osa complexes in service with Ukraine are also capable of reaching targets like the An-26 or Su-25 at an altitude of 6000 m.
Rod-shaped holes. One of the rods found
We see at least three cutting holes in the wreckage: on the left wing, in the area of the second left door, on the elements of the tail section (see the diagram Boeing's left side). For example, the opening in the skin next to the second door on the left is about 10 cm long.
Left wing
Cab floor next to the second left door
Next to this hole and the frames "cut" along it, we find an oblong element, outwardly similar to a piece of the core warhead of the R-60M air-to-air missile. Original photo
Sheathing of the lower part of the fuselage next to the second left door
Left - something like this looks like a core warhead on Ukrainian attack aircraft ().
On the right is the warhead of the R-60 missile
REFERENCE: Su-25M1 attack aircraft, R-60M missileThe material of the BCh rods is an alloy of zirconium and molybdenum / tungsten. Warhead of relatively low power, most effective when penetrating into the structure of the target aircraft. The fuse is a non-contact radio fuse "Kolibri" (developed in 1971) and a contact duplicate. The radius of operation of the radio fuse is 5 m. The radius of destruction is 2.5 m.
Here is a description of the R-60M warhead (product 62M). It differs from the classic long thin arrow-shaped rods, in the export version it is a set of "pseudo-rods". The striking elements are made of heavier tungsten. "Overlapping striking elements made of tungsten, twice as heavy as alloy steel, also cut the power set of the wing or airframe and engines," says the description of the R-60M warhead. Some sources indicate the mass of rods - 3 g. Warhead weight - 3 kg. The rods are laid in a body with a triangular edging - the rods are likely to have a three-sided section: "The space between the body and the rod GGE is filled with TNT, which has pyramidal notches opposite each semi-finished striking element of the body ... Fragments weighing 3 g, accelerate to a speed of 7.5 km / with." "
Rod warhead R-60M (62M) with tungsten rods laid perpendicularly, gave not linear, but huge delta or diamond-shaped holes.
Only the R-62 were exported, and starting from the 80s of the R-62M, 70% of both missiles had a fragmentation (or "pseudo-rod") rather than a rod warhead.
Large incoming ragged delta holes are encountered, for example, on the right side in the skin of the second cabin. One of them shows a trail of soot. In addition, two such holes are visible in the floor of the front baggage compartment near the cockpit. Six delta and diamond shaped holes:
And three cutting holes on the left fender and on the bottom of the skin next to the second left door:
The shapes of the holes coincide with the defeats from the R-60M warhead installed on the SU-25M1 attack aircraft. The rocket could be guided by the Boeing's engine, but explode 5 m from it, including near the left wing and the floor at Exit L2 - where two characteristic pivot holes are found.
Ukrainian PA "Arsenal" was engaged in the modernization of the rocket. The missiles were equipped with an almost all-aspect infrared guidance system OGS-75T Komar-M. ( An increase in the angle to 2/4 or even 1/4 (the possibility of launching into the front hemisphere of the target with a bearing at a certain angle) is provided by cooling the GOS photodetector. Serial production was carried out by NPK Progress (Kiev,). Targeting angle - sector 34 degrees. The maximum target displacement speed is 35 deg / s).
It is also possible that after activating the expelling charge at the closest approach to the Boeing, the warhead opened, and the R-60 carrier got inside the Boeing's skin in the area of the landing gear next to the engines.
HOW BOEING MH17 KILLED
The diagram shows the expansion zone of the BUK's striking elements, consisting of cubes or balls with a diameter of several cm and leaving practically round holes in the affected area. The diagram also shows that the BUK in the front hemisphere could not simultaneously hit the cockpit and wing. And the green line from the small rocket at the wing in the direction of the cut (made by the 60 cm rod) leads directly to the cockpit, hit by the debris of the ring and the wing through.
It took only seven seconds from the last response from the MH17 crew to the loss of communication with the aircraft. The crew did not manage to inform the controllers about any threatening situation (if we believe in the authenticity of the "lost" records from the Air Traffic Control in Dnepropetrovsk), which means that the events in the cockpit developed rapidly.
After the emergency "Boeing" turned around, he sharply lost speed - from 900 km / h to 400 km / h. and then he planned from a height of 10 thousand meters to a height of about 2 thousand meters. Residents of Grabovo and Torez heard two very loud bangs in the sky. Descending below the clouds, the Boeing began to collapse - the closest thing to the emergency on board in a forest plantation landed a large piece of the fuselage - part of the business class and the second economy class cabin - they were found in Petropavlovka.
A detached cockpit and the bodies of 40 more people were found nearby in Rassypnoye. The tail and the central part of the fuselage, together with the landing gear and wings, flew the farthest - into the field of the village of Grabovo. From July 2014 to February 2015, most of the Boeing wreckage was found.
The right wing and right side of the business class, as well as the Boeing's nose, are missing. Until now, three passengers of the plane have not been identified. There were a total of 298 people on board. Metal fragments were found in the pilot's body, according to the Malaysian press.
In total, 25 metal objects were found that aroused suspicions among investigators. The left side of the cockpit, the cockpit floor paneling received the most damage from fragmentation elements, numerous holes are visible in the area of the commander’s seats, and several holes in the co-pilot’s seat. At least four holes are visible in the body of the crew commander. All these holes are round.
The back of the co-pilot's seat, numerous openings in the side and in the back are visible
Taking into account the remains of soot and many small black dots - traces of the impact of detonation products, the rocket projectile went off right here - outside the cockpit at close range.
Considering the flight altitude - 10 thousand meters, either an anti-aircraft missile system (S300, "BUK") or an "air-to-air" missile could get to the cockpit.
And since there are no traces on the cockpit from the impact of rod striking elements, but there are many round holes with uneven edges - we are talking about detonating a high-explosive fragmentation projectile. Such projectiles with rounded striking elements are used in GSh-30 air cannons, and are also characteristic of the S-200 and S-300 surface-to-air missiles.
Since there are no cruciform marks in the wreckage of the Boeing - the predominant elements of the BUK missile, and the detonation itself occurred at a distance of no more than 5 m, the version of the use of the BUK can be rejected. The С200 complexes in Ukraine have been "idle" since 2001; no one has recorded the launch of С300 missiles in this region.
ATTACK ON BOEING RIGHT "VADOGON"
This is how the version arose about an aircraft or two Su-25M1 aircraft - modernized attack aircraft in service with Ukraine (by the time of the tragedy, the Ukrainian Air Force had five such aircraft - one of the six Ukrainian Su-25M1s was shot down the day before the Boeing crash).
In addition to an object similar to the rod element of an R-60M rocket discovered in the wreckage, this version is confirmed by a fragment of a piece of the Boeing's right engine air intake found in the field.
The fragment lies upside down towards us - a piece of torn off inner lining is visible on the left edge, and the right side is the outer one, with barely noticeable letters of the RR logo - if the piece is turned over, it will be the upper part of the RIGHT ENGINE air intake.
This small hole was found on the Boeing's right-hand engine, according to authoritative sources in the Wall Street Journal. The edges of the hole are bent outward, in which case the splinter pierced the air intake, having flown in from the tail side. There is one more piece of the engine - a turbine rim with traces of incoming holes, but which engine it belongs to is impossible to establish from a photograph. It is known that the fragment was found in the vicinity of Petropavlovka, where the right air intake lay. However, the left door was also found here, located in front of the left engine.
If this is really a fragment of the right engine, it means that the firing was fired from an air cannon from the rear to the right, and then from the side to the right through the side and the right engine into the cockpit area. Most likely, the shooting was carried out at close range (about 500-700 m).
The right side of the Boeing's skin between the cockpit and the second right door has not been found (in any case, there are no publicly available photographs of it). WSJ photographed the wreckage of the luggage racks on the right side of the business class, and at the Gilse-Riyen airbase, journalists were forbidden to approach exactly the wreckage of the business class, gluing them with squares, since the objects are of interest to the investigation.
OUTPUT: The Malaysian Boeing was hit by a combined attack from the Su-25 M1 attack aircraft. The first bombardment from the Su-25M1 was carried out along the course of the Boeing's flight in pursuit - most likely, the attack aircraft was on the right side of the tail of the Malaysian aircraft and fired, moving in the direction of the right engine - in this direction the aircraft fired several shots from a 23mm or 30mm air cannon ...
After the first shelling, the pilots were killed, a massive decompression took place in the cockpit, the electronics went out of order, the plane turned to the left, and the Boeing was probably attacked again by an attack aircraft, now on the left side - into the cockpit area from the side of the crew commander from an air cannon and a rocket R-60M in the area of the left engine and the left door, on which there were traces of being hit by rod fragments.
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