The minimum take-off speed of the aircraft. At what speed does the plane take off?

Taking off and landing an airplane are two very important components of any flight. Have you ever wondered - what is the speed of an airplane during takeoff and at what speed does the airplane land?

Of course, for any aircraft it is not constant, but changes every second, but we will talk about the speed at the moment the landing gear leaves the runway and touches them at the moment of landing.

What is it and how does it happen in general? - this is the period of time from the moment when taxiing to the runway starts until reaching the transition altitude.

To disperse passenger liner, the motors are installed on special takeoff regime... It only lasts a few minutes.

Sometimes they set the normal mode if there is any locality to reduce engine noise.

Airplane takeoff is an important part of any flight.

For passenger large liners there are 2 types of takeoff:

1. Takeoff from the brakes- the liner is held on the brakes, and the engines are brought to maximum thrust, after which the brakes are released, and the takeoff run begins;
2. Takeoff with a small stop on the runway - the takeoff run begins immediately, without the engines first reaching the required mode.

Why such difference? The fact is that depending on the model of the aircraft, its type and technical data, it will differ.

For example, at what speed does a passenger plane take off? For Airbus A380 and Boeing 747, it is about the same - 270 km / h.

But this does not mean that in general all liners of these two types are the same. If you take the takeoff speed Boeing aircraft 737, then it will be only 220 km / h.

Takeoff factors

The takeoff process of any aircraft can be influenced by many different factors:

• wind direction and strength;
• condition and size of the runway;
• measures to reduce the audibility of engine noise;
• air pressure and humidity.

And these are just the most common ones.

Want to know which is the fastest plane? Then read on this topic.

Plane landing

Landing is the final stage of the flight, from decelerating the flight of an aircraft to its complete stop on the runway.

The decline begins from about 25 m. The aerial part of the landing takes only a few seconds.

Airplane landing is carried out in 4 stages

Includes 4 stages:

1. Alignment- the vertical rate of descent is approaching zero. Starts 8-10 m and ends by 1 m.
2. Holding- the speed continues to decrease along with a continuing, gradual decrease.
3. Parachuting- the lift of the wing decreases, and the vertical speed increases.
4. Landing- direct contact of the aircraft with the earth's surface.

At the stage of direct landing, the landing speed of the liner is recorded.

Since we have taken the Boeing 737 as an example, what is the landing speed of the Boeing 737?

The landing speed of the Boeing 737 is 250-270 km / h. For Airbus A380 it will be about the same. Lighter models it will be less - 200-220 km / h.

The landing process is influenced by essentially the same factors as the takeoff.

Conclusion

Namely, during takeoff and landing, most air crashes occur, since it is during these time intervals that the possibility of correcting pilot errors and automatic systems decreases.

If you want to know how people feel when a plane crashes, go to

The question of what speed the plane develops during takeoff is of interest to many passengers. Opinions of non-professionals always differ - someone mistakenly assumes that the speed is always the same for all types of a given aircraft, others correctly believe that it is different, but cannot explain why. We will try to understand this topic.

Takeoff

Takeoff is a process that takes the timeline from the start of the aircraft movement to its complete separation from the runway. Takeoff is possible only if one condition is met: the lift must acquire a value greater than the mass of the object taking off.

Takeoff types

Various "interfering" factors that have to be overcome to lift the aircraft into the air (weather conditions, wind direction, limited runway, limited engine power, etc.) prompted aircraft designers to create many ways to get around them. Improved not only the design of flying vehicles, but also the very process of their takeoff. Thus, several types of takeoff were developed:

• From the brakes. The acceleration of the aircraft begins only after the engines have reached the set thrust mode, and until then the aircraft is held in place by means of the brakes;
• A simple classic take-off, assuming a gradual increase in engine thrust while the aircraft is moving along the runway;
• Takeoff using assistive devices. Typical for aircraft carrying combat service on aircraft carriers. The limited runway distance is compensated by the use of springboards, ejection devices, or even additional rocket motors installed on the aircraft;
• Vertical takeoff. Possible if the aircraft has vertical thrust engines (for example, the domestic Yak-38). Such devices, similar to helicopters, first gain altitude from a place vertically or when accelerating from a very small distance, and then smoothly transition into horizontal flight.

Consider the take-off phases as an example. jet aircraft Boeing 737.

Takeoff of the Boeing 737-800

Takeoff of a passenger Boeing 737

Almost every civil jet aircraft takes off according to the classical scheme, i.e. the engine picks up the required thrust directly during the takeoff process. It looks like this:

• The movement of the aircraft begins after the engine reaches about 800 rpm. The pilot gradually releases the brakes while keeping the control stick neutral. The takeoff run begins on three wheels;
• To start taking off from the ground, the Boeing must acquire a speed of about 180 km / h. When this value is reached, the pilot smoothly pulls the handle, which leads to deflection of the flaps and, as a result, to the nose of the aircraft rising. Then the plane accelerates on two wheels;
• With a raised nose on two wheels, the aircraft continues accelerating until the speed reaches 220 km / h. When this value is reached, the plane takes off from the ground.

Take-off speed of other typical aircraft

• Airbus A380 - 269 km / h;
• Boeing 747 - 270 km / h;
• IL 96 - 250 km / h;
• Tu 154M - 210 km / h;
• Yak 40 - 180 km / h.

The given speed is not always sufficient for a lift-off. In situations where a strong wind blows in the direction of takeoff of the vehicle, a high ground speed is required. Or, conversely, with a headwind, a lower speed is sufficient.

Based on materials from techcult

The question of what speed the plane develops during takeoff is of interest to many passengers. Opinions of non-professionals always differ - someone mistakenly assumes that the speed is always the same for all types of a given aircraft, others correctly believe that it is different, but cannot explain why. We will try to understand this topic.

Takeoff

Takeoff types

Takeoff of the Boeing 737-800

Takeoff of a passenger Boeing 737

Take-off speed of other typical aircraft

The given speed is not always sufficient for a lift-off. In situations where a strong wind blows in the direction of takeoff of the vehicle, a high ground speed is required. Or, conversely, with a headwind, a lower speed is sufficient.

V technical characteristics aircraft everything is important. After all, literally every little thing depends on the viability of the liners and the safety of the people on board. However, there are parameters that can be called basic. This, for example, is the take-off and landing speed of an aircraft.

For the operation of airplanes and their operation, it is extremely important to know what exactly the airplane's speed can be during takeoff, namely at the moment when it takes off from the ground. For different models of liners, this parameter will be different: for heavier cars, the indicators are higher, for lighter cars, the indicators are lower.

Takeoff speed is important for the reason that designers and engineers involved in the manufacture and calculation of all characteristics of an aircraft need this data to understand how large the lift will be.

V different models different parameters of takeoff run and takeoff speed are laid. For example, the Airbus A380, which today is considered one of the most modern aircraft, accelerates on the runway to 268 km per hour. The Boeing 747 will need an acceleration of 270 km per hour. The Russian representative of the Il 96 aviation industry has a takeoff speed of 250 km per hour. For Tu 154, it is 210 km per hour.

But these numbers are presented in average. Indeed, the final speed of the liner acceleration along the lane is influenced by a number of factors, including:

• Wind speed
• Direction of the wind
• Runway length
• Atmosphere pressure
• Humidity of air masses
• Runway condition

All this has its effect and can both slow down the liner and give it a slight acceleration.

How exactly takes off

According to experts, the aerodynamics of any airliner is characterized by the configuration of the aircraft wings. As a rule, it is standard and the same for different types of aircraft - the lower part of the wing will always be flat, the upper part will be convex. The difference lies only in small details, and does not depend on the type of aircraft.

The air passing under the wing does not change its properties. But the air that is on top begins to narrow. This means that a smaller volume of air passes from above. This relationship is the reason for the pressure difference around the wings of the liner. And it is she who forms the very lift that pushes the wing upward, and with it, lifts the plane.

The liftoff of the aircraft from the ground occurs at the moment when the lift begins to exceed the weight of the aircraft itself. And this can happen exclusively with an increase in the speed of the aircraft itself - the higher it is, the more the pressure difference around the wings increases.

The pilot, on the other hand, has the ability to work with lift - for this, flaps are provided in the wing configuration. So, if he lowers them, then they will change the lift vector to the regime of a sharp climb.

The smooth flight of the liner is ensured when the balance between the liner weight and the lift is maintained.

What types of takeoff are

For overclocking passenger aircraft pilots are required to select a special engine operating mode called takeoff. It only lasts a few minutes. But there are exceptions, when a settlement is located near the airfield, the plane in this case can take off as usual, which makes it possible to reduce the noise load, because during takeoff, the aircraft engines roar very loudly.

Experts distinguish two types of takeoff of passenger airliners:

1. takeoff from the brakes: it means that at first the plane is held on the brakes, the engines switch to the maximum thrust mode, after which the liner is removed from the brakes and the takeoff begins
2. Takeoff with a small stop on the runway: in such a situation, the airliner begins to run along the runway immediately without any preliminary rearrangement of the engines to the required mode. After the speed increases and reaches the required hundreds of kilometers per hour

Landing nuances

By landing, pilots understand the final stage of the flight, which is the descent from the sky to the ground, the deceleration of the liner and its complete stop on the runway near the airport. The descent of the plane starts from 25 meters. And in fact, landing in the air takes only a few seconds.

When landing, pilots face a whole range of tasks, because it happens in fact in 4 different stages:

1. Leveling - in this case, the vertical rate of descent of the liner goes to zero. This stage starts 8-10 meters above the ground and ends at 1 meter
2. Holding: In this case, the speed of the liner continues to decrease, while the decline remains smooth and ongoing
3. Parachuting: At this stage, there is a decrease in the lift of the wings and an increase in the vertical speed of the aircraft.
4. Landing: refers to direct contact with a hard surface of the chassis

It is at the landing stage that the pilots record the aircraft's landing speed. Again, depending on the model, the speed also differs. For example, for a Boeing 737 it will be equal to 250-270 km per hour. Airbus A380 sits down with the same parameters. If the plane is smaller and lighter, 200 km per hour will be enough for it.

It is important to understand that landing speed is directly affected by exactly the same factors that affect takeoff.

The time intervals here are very small, and the speeds are huge, which becomes the cause of the most frequent catastrophes at these stages. After all, pilots have very little time to make strategically important decisions, and every mistake can be fatal. Therefore, a lot of time is devoted to practicing landing and take-off in the process of training pilots.

Aircraft landing and takeoff speed - parameters calculated individually for each airliner. There is no standard value that all pilots must adhere to, because aircraft have different weights, dimensions, aerodynamic characteristics. However, the value of the speed at is important, and non-compliance with the speed limit can turn into a tragedy for the crew and passengers.

How is takeoff carried out?

The aerodynamics of any liner is provided by the configuration of the wing or wings. This configuration is the same for almost all aircraft with the exception of small parts... The lower part of the wing is always flat, the upper part is convex. Moreover, it does not depend on this.

The air that passes under the wing while gaining speed does not change its properties. However, the air that passes through the top of the wing at the same time is constricted. Consequently, less air flows through the top. This creates a pressure difference under and over the wings of the aircraft. As a result, the pressure above the wing decreases, and under the wing increases. And it is precisely due to the pressure difference that the lift force is formed, which pushes the wing upward, and together with the wing, the aircraft itself. The moment the lift exceeds the weight of the liner, the plane is lifted off the ground. This happens with an increase in the speed of the liner (with an increase in speed, the lifting force also increases). The pilot also has the ability to control the flaps on the wing. If the flaps are lowered, the lift under the wing changes the vector, and the plane climbs sharply.

It is interesting that a smooth horizontal flight of the liner will be ensured if the lift is equal to the weight of the aircraft.

So, the lift determines at what speed the plane will lift off the ground and start flying. The weight of the liner, its aerodynamic characteristics, and the thrust of the engines also play a role.

during takeoff and landing

In order for a passenger plane to take off, the pilot needs to develop a speed that will provide the required lift. The higher the acceleration speed, the higher the lift will be. Consequently, at a high acceleration speed, the plane will take off faster than if it was moving at a low speed. However, a specific speed value is calculated for each liner individually, taking into account its actual weight, degree of loading, weather conditions, length runway etc.

Generally speaking, the famous Boeing 737 passenger airliner takes off from the ground when its speed increases to 220 km / h. Another famous and huge "Boeing-747" with great weight is lifted off the ground at a speed of 270 kilometers per hour. But the smaller airliner Yak-40 is capable of taking off at a speed of 180 kilometers per hour due to its low weight.

Takeoff types

There are various factors that determine the takeoff speed of an aircraft:

1. Weather conditions (wind speed and direction, rain, snow).
2. Runway length.
3. Strip coverage.

Depending on the conditions, takeoff can be carried out in different ways:

1. Classic set of speed.
2. From the brakes.
3. Takeoff with the help of special means.
4. Vertical climb.

The first method (classic) is used most often. When the runway is of sufficient length, the aircraft can confidently pick up the required speed required to provide high lift. However, in the case where the length of the runway is limited, then the plane may not have enough distance to gain the required speed. Therefore, it stays on the brakes for some time, and the engines gradually gain traction. When the thrust is high, the brakes are released, and the plane suddenly takes off, quickly picking up speed. Thus, it is possible to shorten the takeoff distance of the liner.

There is no need to talk about vertical takeoff. It is possible with special motors. And takeoff with the help of special means is practiced on military aircraft carriers.

What is the aircraft landing speed?

The liner does not land on the runway immediately. First of all, there is a decrease in the speed of the liner, a decrease in height. First, the plane touches the runway with the wheels of the landing gear, then moves at high speed on the ground, and only then slows down. The moment of contact with the GDP is almost always accompanied by shaking in the cabin, which can cause anxiety among passengers. But there is nothing wrong with that.

The landing speed of the aircraft is practically only slightly lower than when taking off. A large Boeing 747, when approaching the runway, has an average speed of 260 kilometers per hour. This is the speed the liner should have in the air. But, again, a specific speed value is calculated individually for all liners, taking into account their weight, workload, weather conditions. If the plane is very large and heavy, then the landing speed should also be higher, because during landing it is also necessary to "maintain" the required lift. Already after contact with the runway and while moving on the ground, the pilot can brake by means of the landing gear and flaps on the wings of the aircraft.

Flight speed

The landing and takeoff speeds are very different from the speed at which the airplane moves at an altitude of 10 km. Most often, planes fly at a speed that is 80% of their maximum speed. So the maximum speed of the popular Airbus A380 is 1020 km / h. In fact, cruising speed is 850-900 km / h. The popular Boeing 747 can fly at 988 km / h, but in fact its speed is also 850-900 km / h. As you can see, the flight speed is fundamentally different from the speed when the plane lands.

Note that today the Boeing company is developing an airliner that will be able to pick up flight speed at high altitudes up to 5000 kilometers per hour.

Finally

Of course, landing speed is an extremely important parameter that is calculated strictly for each liner. But it is impossible to name a specific value at which all planes take off. Even identical models (for example, Boeing 747s) will take off and land at different speeds due to various circumstances: workload, volume of refueled fuel, runway length, runway coverage, presence or absence of wind, etc.

Now you know what the speed of the aircraft is during landing and during takeoff. The average values ​​are known to everyone.