Rozhdestvenskaya street in Nizhny Novgorod. Opposite the River Station, closing Markin Square (formerly Safronovskaya) on the south side, there is one of the most significant buildings of Rozhdestvenskaya Street - the passage of the Blinov merchants. Building on Markin Square

Against River station, closing Markin Square (formerly Safronovskaya) with south side, there is one of the most significant buildings of Rozhdestvenskaya Street - the passage of the Blinov merchants. Of all the houses on the street, this one is perhaps the most "populated": no other has such a number of offices, institutions and residents. However, it was originally built as a large apartment building. By the middle of the 19th century, the southern side of Safronovskaya Square along Rozhdestvenskaya Street was built up with tenement houses, which were bought by the merchants-industrialists Aristarkh and Nikolai Blinovs. The brothers owned a total of five stone houses, two flour mills and two cereal factories in the Volga region. The Blinovs' surname was associated not only with the houses on Sofronovskaya Square, but also with the public garden that bore the name of Blinovskiy. The arrangement of Safronovskaya Square cost Blinov 40 thousand rubles. The passage was built in 1876-1878 by the architect R.Ya. Kilevein, designed by the Petersburg architect A.K. Bruni. By the order of the Blinovs, it was a huge four-story building of the passage, the decorative and artistic decoration of which was stylized as "Ancient Rus" with the use of fly-widths, a piece set, mashikuli in the attic floor, etc. Contemporaries in the 80s of the XIX century noted that during the construction of the passage "there were claims to elegance ... the height was enormous, the glass was mirrored," but behind all this was "matted coolies, barrels of kerosene and groceries." Some experts consider Blinovskiy passage to be a specific apartment building. Unlike the tenement houses of the early 19th century, it included mainly commercial and business premises. The central volume was occupied by a restaurant, shops with offices, banks, and profitable housing was located on the top floor. In the left volume there was a hotel, in the right - a telegraph office. The perimeter of the courtyards was made up of two-storey shops with offices. The main central entrance led to a passage, which was part of the courtyard system and was used for trading premises and a stock exchange. Among others, the main office of the joint-stock Nizhny Novgorod-Samara land bank, opened in Nizhny Novgorod in 1872, worked in the Blinov passage. The bank provided the increased need for mortgages at the end of the 19th century, performing its financial transactions throughout Eastern Russia... The Blinovsky passage also housed the office of the Nizhny Novgorod post and telegraph district, which was opened on October 1, 1886, the first in the Volga region. By the way, the Blinovs were one of the first to get a telephone in Nizhny. All in all, in 1885 there were no more than 50 rooms in the city. In 1894, the Electron partnership installed autonomous electric lighting in the passage building. In 1898, the house was reconstructed. The artist Konstantin Makovsky stayed at the Blinovsky Passage hotel while working on the famous "Minin's Appeal", and Maxim Gorky was escorted into exile from the local restaurant.

milutkin ^ Corners of the Lower. Lower bazaar. Part I. Rozhdestvenskaya street

Today I would like to talk about the middle, renovated part of Rozhdestvenskaya Street, which has preserved the merchant flavor of Nizhny Novgorod. In addition, despite the fact that Rozhdestvenskaya is not the main street, there are many fine restaurants and cafes on it that brighten up the life of Nizhny Novgorod residents and tourists.

Settling the coast Oki on the site of the modern Rozhdestvenskaya Street began literally from the moment the city was founded. Development proceeded rather slowly. It is documented that already in the XIV century, this territory was part of the border of wood and earth fortifications, known as Maly Ostrog. Their border passed along the line of the modern Sergievskaya street

But to be completely precise, it was not a street in the modern sense of the word, but a narrow winding path that stretches from Zelensky Congress to the modern Vakhitov Lane. From shopping malls located under the Kremlin hill, this "path" was named "Zaryadye".

The 17th century is a special period in the history of Nizhny Novgorod. At this time, he began to develop especially rapidly economically. And at the beginning of the "rebellious" century, the street began to be called Kosmodemyanskaya after the church of Kozma and Demyan, which stood in the center of the Lower Posad (now it is Markin Square, or rather, the site of the Nizhnovenergo building).

But after the construction of the stone Christmas Church in 1653 by the merchant-industrialist Semyon Zadorin, they began to call it Rozhdestvenskaya. This church was badly damaged by another fire, and another guest, Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov, in 1719 built next to it an architecturally original building that still exists today.

At first, the development of Nizhniy Posad was carried out chaotically, with separate groups of buildings. But in 1770, the first regular plan of Nizhny Novgorod was drawn up, and in its subsequent revision in 1787, Rozhdestvenskaya Street was defined in straight lines. And at the beginning of the 19th century, according to the order of the engineer A.A. Betancourt, in order to avoid fires, it was decided to build up this part of the city exclusively with stone buildings, and during the implementation of this decision, the street was, if possible, straightened due to the demolition of some dilapidated buildings.

The surname of the famous builder of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair is, of course, no coincidence. Since 1816, Rozhdestvenskaya Street has become closely associated with fair trade. The wealthy Nizhny Novgorod merchants build hotels, tenement houses, banks on Rozhdestvenskaya - solid stone buildings with expensive stucco decorations, which were, as it were, business cards their owners, their high social status and prosperity.

The street underwent a particularly significant reorganization in 1835-1839, when in the middle of it, in the place of the house of the famous merchant Sofronov, Sofronovskaya Square was created, which became the public and business center of the Lower Bazaar (modern Markin Square). At the exit of the street to the Oksky pontoon bridge, warehouses were demolished and Alekseevskaya Square, named after the hipped-roof chapel in the name of Metropolitan Alexy (now Annunciation Square, named after the neighboring Annunciation Monastery), stood here.

The All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition of 1896 changed the appearance of the city in many ways. The central streets (including Rozhdestvenskaya Street) were illuminated with electric arc lights, sidewalks and roads were asphalted, and funiculars started working in the area of ​​Narodny Unity Square and Pokhvalinsky Congress. A power station appeared opposite the pontoon bridge, which provided the city with electricity. A big event for Nizhny was the opening of the tram service on June 21, 1896. A 3.5-verst line ran from Skoba to the bridge, connecting the two funiculars. For the opening of the exhibition on Rozhdestvenskaya Street, the house of merchants, the Blinov brothers ("Blinovsky Passage") and a stock exchange were built. Both buildings adorn the modern Markin Square.

Thus, the street played the role of the city's business center. There were six temples here. Let's list them, starting from the Kremlin:

• Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist (more precisely, architectural ensemble, consisting of a temple and two chapels: "Spasskaya" (at the altar of the church) and "Tsarskaya" (to the left of the church porch)). Preserved

• Church of St. Nicholas Mir of the Lycian Wonderworker "at the Marketplace" (stood on the site of the modern shopping center "Ant"). Destroyed.

• Church of the Life-Giving Trinity (lane Vakhitov). Destroyed.

• 2 churches of St. unmercenaries Kozma and Damian: old and new (modern. Markina square). Both are destroyed.

• Church of the Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos (Stroganov). Preserved.

Rozhdestvenskaya street(in Soviet times: Cooperative, named after Mayakovsky, folk: Mayakovka)- the second most important street in the city after Pokrovka , a place of concentration of restaurants, bars and nightlife Nizhny Novgorod , together with the adjacent strip of Markin and Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment

At the same time, it is one of the oldest streets in the city, which has retained the merchant flavor and "mercantile spirit" of the center of the business and commercial part of Nizhny Novgorod.

No wonder the area adjacent to the coast Oki and Volga, called the Lower Bazaar ... Banks, shipping companies, shops, seating yards, restaurants, mansions - and nearby, under the Ivanovskaya tower The Kremlin famous for stories Maxim Gorky "millioshka" - dwelling area of ​​the dwarf, "city bottom".

Eras and styles mingled in the former commercial and financial center of Nizhny. The tastes of the capital, brought by the exhibition of 1896, generously endowed the merchant mansions with bay windows and domes, arousing the envy of neighbors and the admiration of visiting guests.

The concept of improvement of Rozhdestvenskaya Street provides for its division into two zones: pedestrian and transport. Pedestrian traffic is organized along the territory along the even-numbered houses to the tram line. Due to the fact that the second line of the tram track was dismantled, it was possible to expand the carriageway along the odd-numbered houses. Thus, a parking area was allocated. Tram movement will be reversible and on the same track. Beautiful lamps, benches, urns and flower beds were installed along the entire street.

The houses located along the old street did not go unnoticed either. It was decided to renovate all the facades and equip each building with unique lighting so that the architectural monuments would appear in front of Nizhny Novgorod residents in all their glory.

An amount of 39 million rubles was allocated from the city budget for the renovation of the roadbed and replacement of manholes. Overhaul of roads was carried out using crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete, which has the highest resistance to destruction and durability. The old manholes have been replaced by "floating" hatches, which weigh much less than their predecessors, have a solid frame and can be easily adjusted in height.

Two sculptural compositions were placed on the street. In particular, one of them - a memorial plate - is located on the site of the former cemetery of the Trinity Church in memory of the found burials of residents of the Nizhny Novgorod Posad.

Another sculpture, made in the form of cast-iron shoes and a bag of salt, is dedicated to the greed of Nizhny Novgorod merchants, recalling the activities of the merchant Fyodor Blinov. It stands on the site of the former Salt Office.

On November 2, 2012, the head of Nizhny Novgorod Oleg Sorokin, the governor Valery Shantsev and the head of the administration Oleg Kondrashov took part in the grand opening of the restored section of ul. Christmas.
The reconstruction of the entire Rozhdestvenskaya Street is planned to be completed in the next few years.

Blinovsky passage

The complex, which is commonly called the Blinovsky Passage, was built as the largest apartment building according to the project of the Petersburg architect A.K. Bruni and was completed in 1879. This house, made in the neo-Russian style, got its name after the owners - the richest Nizhny Novgorod merchant-industrialists, the Blinov brothers, who got rich mainly in the trade in bread, as well as in the transportation and sale of salt.

Of all the houses on Rozhdestvenskaya Street, this one was the most versatile and densely populated. Various offices, shops, hotels, warehouses were once located in the main building, facing the Rozhdestvenskaya street, and in the “courtyard” parts of the house. The entire first floor was occupied by expensive shops with separate entrances. The shops on the second floor were accessed via internal stairs. When looking at the building from the former Safronovskaya Square (now Markina Square), it can be seen that on the left side of the five-storey building there is an attached end of the block in which the hotels, “exchange rooms” were located. In the central part on this level there was Permyakov's restaurant, famous themes that it marked the departure of Maxim Gorky into exile.

In the right volume was the first telegraph in the Volga region and the office of the Nobile brothers' oil shops. Until 1896, this house housed a stock exchange. On the first floor there was a passage that gave the name to the whole house.
V Soviet years the house still housed a post office, a telegraph office, shops, and then a court was also located. And actually, little has changed in our time - there are shops, restaurants, and various offices in the building. Therefore, we can say that the idea of ​​the Blinov brothers has fully justified itself, albeit now without their capital ...

The passage was built in 1876-1878 by the architect R.Ya. Kilevein, designed by the Petersburg architect A.K. Bruni. By order of the Blinovs, it was a huge four-storey building of the passage, the decorative and artistic decoration of which was stylized as "Ancient Rus" with the use of fly-widths, a piece set, mashikuli in the attic, etc. Contemporaries in the 80s of the XIX century noted that during the construction of the passage "there were claims for elegance ... the height was enormous, the glass was mirrored," but behind all this were "matte coolies, barrels of kerosene and groceries."

Some experts consider Blinovskiy passage to be a specific apartment building. Unlike the tenement houses of the early 19th century, it included mainly commercial and business premises. The central volume was occupied by a restaurant, shops with offices, banks, and profitable housing was located on the top floor. In the left volume there was a hotel, in the right - a telegraph office.

The perimeter of the courtyards was made up of two-storey shops with offices. The main central entrance led to a passage, which was part of the courtyard system and was used for trading premises and a stock exchange.

In 1864, the heir to the throne Nikolai Alexandrovich visited Nizhny Novgorod, who personally honored the Blinovs and their enterprise on Sofronovskaya Square. In honor of this event, the Blinovs allocated 25 thousand rubles to set up a public bank, which they called Nikolaevsky. The Blinov brothers contributed large sums to the initial capital of the bank, financing orphanages, almshouses, hospitals, gymnasiums, schools, libraries, for the maintenance of which the bank annually allocated significant financial resources. The bank also provided money for the municipal economy, including for the installation of water supply, sewerage, electricity, telephone network, and also allocated funds for scholarships, benefits to victims of fire.

Among others, the main office of the joint-stock Nizhny Novgorod-Samara land bank, opened in Nizhny Novgorod in 1872, worked in the Blinov passage. The bank satisfied the increased demand for mortgages at the end of the 19th century, making its financial transactions throughout eastern Russia. The Blinovsky passage also housed the office of the Nizhny Novgorod post and telegraph district, which was opened on October 1, 1886, the first in the Volga region. By the way, the Blinovs were one of the first to get a telephone in Nizhny. All in all, in 1885 there were no more than 50 rooms in the city.

Apartment building N. A. Bugrova.

A truly wonderful decoration of the city is Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bugrov's apartment building, marked at number 27 along Rozhdestvenskaya Street. The history of its construction is closely related to the preparation for the 16th All-Russian Trade and Industrial Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod in 1896. Timed to coincide with this grandiose event, major urban planning transformations directly affected the area of ​​the so-called Lower Bazaar, the actual business center of the city. Pompous mansions, shops and bank buildings were built on the Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment and Rozhdestvenskaya street. Many old houses have new facades with lush eclectic elements of decorative and artistic decoration.

Since the middle of the 19th century, the place where this house was built belonged to the prominent merchant family Bugrovs, who bought it from the Pyatovs. The Bugrovs carried out active stone construction here. According to the appraisal statement of real estate in the Rozhdestvenskaya part of Nizhny Novgorod (1874), Alexander Petrovich Bugrov owned two adjacent households facing both Rozhdestvenskaya Street and Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment. The first was a three-story stone house and a one-story stone outbuilding. The second, corner, home ownership consisted of a three-storey stone house, two stone outbuildings of three and two floors, as well as stone and wooden outbuildings. These buildings were used as commercial and office buildings, leased out under contracts and brought the owners a solid profit. So, for example, the first home ownership gave the Bugrov family not a bad annual income of up to 945 rubles.

Everything would be fine, but the last representative of the famous merchant dynasty, Nikolai Alexandrovich, the largest Nizhny Novgorod industrialist, financier, philanthropist and benefactor, was not satisfied with the "modest" appearance of the houses he inherited from his father on Rozhdestvenskaya. The famous metropolitan architect, academician Vladimir Petrovich Zeidler (1857 - 1914), who arrived as the main producer of works at the Exhibition, and the author of projects of many buildings in St. Petersburg, Moscow and Anapa, was invited to develop the project of the ceremonial building.

The house was originally conceived as a profitable one: with shops on the first floor, and most importantly with the office of the Nizhny Novgorod branch of the Volzhsko-Kamsky Commercial Bank on the second, as evidenced by the corresponding inscriptions on the facade preserved on the design drawings (the name of the bank, the names of the shop owners and trading companies). It is known that by this time N. A. Bugrov had been a regular client and an influential member of the accounting and loan committee of this bank for many years.

The choice of the bank was not accidental. Perhaps the most famous bank in pre-revolutionary Russia was founded in St. Petersburg by Vasily Aleksandrovich Kokorev - a truly bright, original and amazing man. Kokorev came from the bourgeois - Old Believers of the small remote town of Soligalich, Kostroma province. One faith with the founder of the institution, and Bugrov, as you know, was an Old Believer, undoubtedly brought a certain sympathy to the attitude of the Nizhny Novgorod businessman to this institution. But the main thing, obviously, was different. The Volzhsko-Kamsky bank was one of the largest in pre-revolutionary Russia, it was rumored that the success of the founder passed on to it.

From a poor bourgeoisie, Kokorev managed to turn into one of the richest, most influential and famous people Russia. His candidacy was considered for the post of Minister of Finance of the empire. He was the initiator and organizer of the construction of the world's first oil refinery near Baku. He was a co-founder of such well-known companies as the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade, the Caucasus and Mercury Shipping Company, the Volga-Don Railway Society, etc. He was engaged in the development of gold mining, established trade between Russia and Persia, participated in the development of a project for the liberation of peasants from serfdom making a lot of effort to hasten this event. Kokorev gained great fame as a philanthropist and philanthropist. About two decades before Tretyakov, Vasily Alexandrovich not only opened the first exhibition gallery of young artists, but also systematically supported and developed the talents that appeared in his field of vision. He laid the foundation for the study of national art.

Another brainchild, the Volgo-Kamsky Bank, Kokarev founded in 1870, in the same year his branch was opened in our city. Initially, the bank moved into the building on Nemetskaya Square, but the location turned out to be extremely unfortunate - on the very outskirts, far from the business streets, next to the cemetery. After a while, the address was changed, moved across the river to the fair, but the fair was open only one month a year, and the rest of the time the bank branch experienced the same difficulties as in the old place. The bank's move to Bugrovsky House from an economic point of view was ideal, here on Rozhdestvenskaya, all year round major deals were concluded and contracts signed for millions. In this building, the Nizhny Novgorod branch of the bank successfully existed until the very nationalization in the revolutionary year 1917.

House of the merchant Pyatov

For a post about the house of the merchant Pyatov, see here http://milutkin.livejournal.com/56514.html

Rukavishnikov Trading House and Bank

The apartment house of Sergei Mikhailovich Rukavishnikov stands out from the whole diverse row of houses on the Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment with an unexpected theme of "Gothic" surrounded by purely Russian architecture. The house was built in 1911-1913 by the outstanding Russian architect of the Art Nouveau era Fyodor Shekhtel.
The building has a complex silhouette, as it is designed for perception from the river. An interesting fact is that it was made in the neo-Gothic, although the Gothic was practiced by Schechtel only in the 90s of the nineteenth century. Rationalism and romanticism are successfully combined here. Vertical swift lines, subordinated to the dynamic upward impulse, give the building a special expressiveness. This is only a stylistic association with Gothic, which helps to bring out the frame structure of the building.

The facade combined the motives of medieval architecture and advanced building technologies of the early 20th century, with faceted turrets of different heights, completed with metal caps that form the silhouette of the building. This technique creates a strong motive that evokes associations with a powerful organ and contributes to the perception of the image as a piece of music. In this case, this is not a direct copying of the Gothic of the Middle Ages, but a pictorial composition, the author's fantasy on the theme of Gothic.
Organically, this building is one whole with the Rukavishnikov bank, the façade of which overlooks Rozhdestvenskaya Street. The bank was also built according to the project of Fyodor Shekhtel, but somewhat earlier - in 1908. At that time, Shekhtel refused to use any historical styles and designed the building in the image of rational modernity. Allegorical sculptures by Konenkov are located above the main entrance, symbolizing industry and agriculture.

The dynasty of merchants, breeders and bankers of the Rukavishnikovs in the 19th century was one of the most famous in Nizhny Novgorod. Over time, their fame has acquired an all-Russian scale.

The founder of the dynasty, Grigory Mikhailovich Rukavishnikov, originally from the village of Krasnaya Ramen, Makarievsky district, Nizhny Novgorod province, was a blacksmith. After moving to Nizhny Novgorod in 1817 after the fair, he bought several shops and began to actively trade in iron. Gradually, the number of shops grew, capital increased, and Grigory Mikhailovich built his own ironworks. In 1836 he received a medal from the Department of Manufactures and Domestic Trade for his activities.

After a fire in 1899 in the two-story stone house of the Rukavishnikovs with two industrial buildings on Rozhdestvenskaya Street, they turned to the Construction Department of the City Council with a request to repair the damaged buildings. However, the restored old buildings had a very unsightly appearance, and in 1908 Sergei Rukavishnikov turned to the Moscow architect F.O. Shekhtel with a request to develop plans-facades for the construction of two buildings in their place, with the main facades facing Rozhdestvenskaya Street (the bank itself) and Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment (industrial buildings).

The facades were designed in neo-Gothic forms. On the embankment - with powerful frame blades, completed with "pinnacles", glazing of planes and wall cladding with polychrome ceramic tiles. Colored ceramics were also used in the facing of the building overlooking Rozhdestvenskaya Street, in the decoration of which cast-iron artistic casting was widely used, including the round figures of a worker and a peasant, made according to sketches by the young sculptor S.T. Konenkov.

After the completion of the construction, problems arose: new buildings began to "put pressure" on the nearby Kupechesky Bank (Rozhdestvenskaya st., 21) and the Kudryashov-Chesnokov tenement house (Nizhne-Volzhskaya embankment, 9), in the walls of which cracks appeared. A special commission headed by the architect A.N. Poltanov. Hastily taken measures helped to rectify the situation.
Both buildings of the Rukavishnikovs are striking examples of rational Art Nouveau. Many consider the Nizhny Novgorod banks of the early 20th century built in the era of modernism to be the best buildings in the city. The second half of the 19th century was the period of the highest flourishing of banking in Nizhny Novgorod: new credit institutions appeared, as well as representative offices of the most famous Russian banks at that time. In 1908, a branch of the Russian Commercial and Industrial Bank, which was one of the largest in Russia, was located in the Rukavishnikovs' building on Rozhdestvenskaya Street. The Rukavishnikovs were the largest clients of this department, therefore, in business circles, the bank was even called “the Rukavishnikovs bank”, and this is how it went down in history.

http://milutkin.livejournal.com/58025.html

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We devote the next walk to the Lower Bazaar, located at the confluence of the Oka and Volga.

The Lower Bazaar, also known as the Lower Posad, consists of a couple of streets, a wide Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment and several lanes abutting the steep slope of the Dyatlovy Hills. Under the tsar-father in Nizhny Novgorod, as many as two funiculars were built, connecting the Nizhny Bazaar with the Kremlin and the mountainous part of the city. But under Soviet rule, both fell into decay and, in the end, fell apart. So we went down the stairs, and went up by a regular bus.

In front of the Kanavinsky bridge overlooking main street The Lower Bazaar, called Rozhdestvenskaya, has a stele with the coat of arms of the Lower Bazaar. Since ancient times, the red deer on the coat of arms has been called the “cheerful goat”.

Almost every house on Rozhdestvenskaya Street is interesting. Unfortunately, not everyone got into the lens - it was cold, however. Yes, and there is nowhere to warm up 🙂 - on the occasion of the New Year, all (!) Establishments were closed. It was possible to get on a sightseeing tram, but the Christmas route does not start, but ends. And taking pictures from the windows is inconvenient.

A solid three-storey house at the end of Rozhdestvenskaya Street belonged to the merchant I. Sobolev. It was built by the architect Uzhedumsky-Gritsevich in 1860-62. In the outbuilding there were trade baths, and in the front building there was a hotel, which was considered one of the best in the city. In 1869 Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy stayed there.

The sights of Nizhny Novgorod include two luxurious manor estates that belonged to the Stroganov barons and the Golitsyn princes. The main house and the wings of the Stroganov estate, built in 1826, overlook the street. The Golitsyn estate was built by Domenico (Dementy Ivanovich 🙂) Gilardi in 1837. Its front facade faces the river, and inconspicuous outbuildings overlook the street.

The Stroganovs' estate is adjoined by a spectacular three-story red building. Platbands, sandriks, bow gables, cornices and rusticum of the first floor are highlighted in white. This is not a palace or even a tenement house, but ... the plant of the Dobrov and Nabgolts company, built in 1885-86. He produced steam engines for the flour mills of the merchants Bashkirovs and Bugrovs. It was Emelyan Bashkirov who supplied flour to the famous Moscow baker Ivan Maksimovich Filippov.
Equipment for water supply systems was also produced here, including for the entire (!) Trans-Siberian Railway.

Opposite is the brightest attraction of Rozhdestvenskaya Street - steeped in legends.

While admiring the temple, do not forget to look at the graceful mansion with a mezzanine at the back of the lot. It is listed on Suetinskaya Street, which runs along Zapochainya. The house stands on the courtyard of Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov. In the chambers that stood on this place, the owner of the ironworks received Peter I himself, who celebrated his fiftieth birthday in 1722 in Nizhny. The current house was built by the Nizhny Novgorod architects Ivan Efimovich Efimov and Anton Lavrentievich Leer in 1828-31. The manager of the "salt and iron caravans" of the Stroganovs lived here.

Not far from the Stroganov Church there are a couple of bronze sculptures representing Nizhny Novgorod types. It's a delivery boy with a tray full of pretzels and bagels

and the master-artist in a blouse and beret, standing in front of an easel.

The artist “paints a city landscape from nature” with the house of the merchant Smirnov, built by the already familiar architect Ivan Efimovich Efimov in 1823. This is a classicist mansion typical of the province with a mezzanine, a triangular pediment and a pilaster portico.

Opposite is another classic mansion of noble proportions. The ground floor is highlighted in a rich terracotta color, the front of the mezzanine is decorated with pilasters and graceful shells in bow-shaped sandrids. The architect Anton Lavrentievich Leer built this house for the Merchants Yesyrevs in 1832.

The neighboring house is slightly younger than the Yesyryovs' mansion. He is "only" about 160 years old. It was built by Nikolai Ivanovich Uzhedumsky-Gritsevich, the author of the hotel of the merchant Sobolev, in 1853. At the very end of the 19th century, the merchant Aristarkh Andreevich Blinov ordered to rebuild it in the eclectic style that was fashionable at that time. Wide windows and decorative domes appeared in 1898.

The house of Aristarkh Blinov overlooks Sofronovskaya Square, renamed in Soviet times into Markin Square (the commander of the Volga Flotilla during the Civil War). The eastern side of the square is occupied by the passage of the Blinov brothers. He still attracts attention. Imagine what impression he made in 1878 immediately after the completion of construction?
The author of the passage building is the Petersburg architect A.K. Bruni, and it was built by the Nizhny Novgorod architect Robert Yakovlevich Kilevein. The building housed shops, warehouses, offices, including the "Nobel Brothers Partnership", a hotel and taverns. For some time the Nizhny Novgorod stock exchange, post office and telegraph office were located here. There was a shopping arcade on the first floor, which gave the building its name.

The famous artist Konstantin Egorovich Makovsky stayed at the Blinovsky Passage hotel while working on the painting “Minin's Appeal”.
In November 1901, in one of the local restaurants, the liberal intelligentsia of Nizhny Novgorod accompanied A.M. Peshkov (Maxim Gorky) to exile in Arzamas.
The passage belonged to the three Blinov brothers: Fedor, Aristarkh and Nikolai. The Blinov brothers, together with the no less famous grain merchants Bugrovs and Ustin Savvich Kurbatov, donated 250 thousand rubles for the construction of the city water supply system with the only condition: "The use of water from the new water supply system should be free for all classes of Nizhny Novgorod for eternity." In memory of the merchants-benefactors, a luxurious fountain with a memorial plaque was erected on Sofronovskaya Square, which was destroyed by the decision of the “partykhozaktiv” in the 1960s.
On the southern side of the square, in addition to the house of Aristarkh Blinov, there is the Nizhny Novgorod Stock Exchange, built for the All-Russian Exhibition of 1896 by the architect Karl Gustavovich (Vasilyevich) Treiman.

The old and new churches Kozma and Damian have not survived. In their place, a gloomy Stalinist box was built, occupied by Nizhnovenergo.

But the merchant houses of the end of the century before last are distinguished by a bright festive look.

The apartment house of Nikolai Alexandrovich Bugrov, the grandson of the founder of the famous merchant dynasty, Pyotr Yegorovich Bugrov, is especially good. The house was rebuilt by the architect V.P. Zeidler in 1893. There was a branch of the Volzhsko-Kamsky Bank, where Bugrov took out loans for the development of his grain business.
N.A. Bugrov was very revered in Nizhny Novgorod. Half of his income, and in case of natural disasters and up to 80%, he spent on charity. Bugrov for the first time in Russian Empire established an eight-hour working day in its mills, established a pension fund for sick and elderly workers, and an interest-free mortgage for those in need of housing. The millers were fed free of charge, provided with overalls, they lived in free houses at the mills. On holidays, workers received gifts with food or money.

The house of N.A. Bugrov stands at the corner of Troitsky (Vakhitov) lane. On the opposite corner is the house of the merchant of the 1st guild, Honorary Citizen of Nizhny Novgorod Ivan Stepanovich Pyatov.
Pyatov traded in iron and at his own expense set up an Iron Row at the Nizhny Novgorod Fair in Kanavino, which won the special favor of the engineer August Betancourt. It was Betancourt that Nicholas I entrusted with the arrangement of the Fair, which was transferred from Makariev after a devastating fire. In 1819 August Bettencourt built a house for Pyatov, decorated with an Ionic colonnade on the facade. A figured attic with two domes and decorative vases in niches was added by the famous Nizhny Novgorod homeowners I. Kudryashov and N. Chesnokov.

The neighboring house is one of the best examples of the Art Nouveau style in Russia. This is the creation of the genius F.O.Shekhtel - the Russian Commercial and Industrial Bank of Sergei Mikhailovich and Mitrofan Mikhailovich Rukavishnikov, representatives of the famous "accursed family" of Nizhny Novgorod industrialists. The building on Rozhdestvenskaya Street was built in 1908 in the form of rational Art Nouveau. It is distinguished by wide window openings, a combination of decorative plaster and ceramic tiles.

Cast iron sculptures of a worker and a villager were made by the then little-known sculptor Sergei Timofeevich Konenkov. They represent industry and agriculture.

The former possession of the Rukavishnikovs stretches from Rozhdestvenskaya Street to Nizhnevolzhskaya Embankment. The second building of the ensemble, designed by F.O. Shekhtel in the Art Nouveau style with neo-Gothic elements, opens onto the embankment. The waterfront building was intended for a department store. It was built in 1913-1916. In Soviet times, a factory was opened there.

At the very beginning of Rozhdestvenskaya Street there is another Art Nouveau building. it former house Fyodor Petrovich Perepletchikov, owner of rope-making manufactories, public figure and major benefactor. In 1845, he bequeathed two of his houses to the city so that the income from them would go to the poor. House No. 6 on Rozhdestvenskaya was built by Ivan Efimovich Efimov in 1822. Visiting merchants stayed here during the All-Russian Exhibition. Even then it became clear that the house needed reconstruction. In 1902, the house was overbuilt and rebuilt by the architect Anatoly Ivanovich Shmakov, a native of the Sheremetyevs' serfs.

Shmakov decorated the facades with many mascarons in the form of female heads entwined with flowers. Vertical bracing in the partitions of windows, drawing of platbands, stucco molding in sandrikas are also characteristic of provincial Art Nouveau.

Rozhdestvenskaya street led us to the former Gostiny Dvor. Unfortunately, almost nothing is left of it. However, according to the U-shaped body of the Flour rows, this place is still called "Bracket".

Sights of Nizhny Novgorod. "Brace" or National Unity Square

On the right, there is the church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, rebuilt in a modern cult style. It was erected several years ago on the site of an earlier church that was lost during the Soviet era.

The commercial and industrial Christmas ends. Further along the Ivanovsky Congress and Zhivonosovskaya (Kozhevennaya) Street was the city “bottom”, which was also a kind of “attraction” of Nizhny Novgorod.
On a hillock under the walls of the Kremlin, there is the famous bed house of Alexander Petrovich Bugrov, designed to receive 500 people. It opened in 1883. On its facade was the famous inscription "Don't drink vodka, don't sing songs, be quiet!" The residents of the shelter could count on a free pound of bread and a mug of boiling water once a day. It was in the Bugrovskaya shelter that Gorky heard a certain ragamuffin call himself a “baron”. Later, the writer made the character of the baron one of the main characters in his play At the Bottom.

The son of Alexander Petrovich, Nikolai Alexandrovich Bugrov, invested 30 thousand rubles in the bank. The interest went to the maintenance of the shelter. In 1885-89, Bugrov built a trading building nearby, the proceeds of which were also used for an overnight house.

The Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist, which has existed since the end of the 16th century, was rebuilt in stone in 1683 at the expense of the townsman Gavrila Dranishnikov and rebuilt in 2005 after the Soviet destruction. At the walls of the same name wooden church Kozma Minin addressed the people of Nizhny Novgorod with his famous appeal.

The modern sights of Nizhny Novgorod include a copy of the monument to Minin and Pozharsky, installed in 2005. It was made by the famous copyist sculptor Zurab Tsereteli.

This place has received the pretentious name "National Unity Square". In 2005, between the church and the North Tower of the Kremlin, a belfry chapel with an alarm bell weighing 6 tons appeared.

Houses on Zhivonosovskaya (Kozhevennaya) street and the neighboring Kozhevenny lane remind of the Nizhny Novgorod “millionaire”. That was the mocking name for the place where tramps, ragamuffins and other unfortunate people gathered.
The stone buildings of the merchant Fyodor Gushchin, built in 1869-71, are perfect for the scenery of the play "At the Bottom".

On Kozhevennaya Street there is the famous "Stolby" teahouse. Georg Kiesewetter built this house for the already familiar Fedor Petrovich Perepletchikov, who at that time was the mayor of the city. In 1839, the work of Georg Kiesewetter was honored with the following resolution of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas I:

"Kizevetter declare a royal pleasure for the beauty of this façade."

This is one of the best Nizhny Novgorod houses built in the classicism style. In 1901, it was acquired by the steamer Dmitry Vladimirovich Sirotkin, an Old Believer and a member of the City Duma. Like other rich people in Nizhny Novgorod, he was actively involved in charity work and, at the request of Maxim Gorky, provided this house for the people's teahouse. The money for its arrangement was allocated by Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bugrov, already known to us. Tramps, in a common way, nicknamed the teahouse "Pillars" by the columns on the facade.

Here people could sit warm. They gave them a portion of tea for two kopecks, a pound of bread, organized a small library, put on a piano and arranged concerts on holidays ...

Up to 500 tramps gathered here for musical matinees. Doctors from Nizhny Novgorod have opened a free outpatient clinic and a pharmacy in Stolby.

The adjacent two-storey building is much younger than "Stolby". This is the former Izvolsky hotel, built in 1905.

Today we will see the Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment, the River Station, Markin Square, st. Rozhdestvenskaya and Fedorovsky embankment

01. Nizhny Novgorod, a museum exhibition near the Kremlin's Conception Tower. There is also a monument to Peter I, who once visited Nizhny Novgorod.

02. Nizhny Novgorod, exhibition "About the wheel, wheels and auto"

03. and porridge for guests

05. Nizhny Novgorod, exhibition "About the wheel, wheels and auto". Old carriage.

06. Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment

07. Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment 9/3

08. Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment 12

09. Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment

10. Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment 13, Children's art school №1

11. Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment, Markin square

12. Non-fancy Nizhny Novgorod. Some kind of long-term construction on the embankment, greatly spoils the view, I hope all this will be removed by 2018.

13. Nizhny Novgorod, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral on the so-called "Strelka". Behind it, a little further, you can see the construction of the stadium for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

14. Nizhny Novgorod, river station, Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment

15. Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhnevolzhskaya embankment 16 (?). The building of the Nizhny Novgorod Stock Exchange

16. Nizhny Novgorod, houses around Markin Square

17. Nizhny Novgorod, Markin Square. The square is named after the commander of the Volga flotilla Nikolai Markin.

18. Nizhny Novgorod, Markin Square, a monument in honor of the Heroes of the Volga Flotilla and the River Station

19. Nizhny Novgorod, Markin square

20. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Christmas

21. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Christmas

22. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Christmas

23. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Christmas

24. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Rozhdestvenskaya, excursion tram. We wanted to take a ride (the tram tour lasts about an hour), but there was little time.

25. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Rozhdestvenskaya, excursion tram.

26. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Christmas

27. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Rozhdestvenskaya, houses near Markin Square

28. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Christmas, sculpture of a boy selling bread and buns.

29. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Rozhdestvenskaya, sculpture of the artist.

30. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Christmas

31. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Christmas

32. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Rozhdestvenskaya, 45. A.S. Pushkin

33. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Christmas.

34. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Rozhdestvenskaya, 34. Fragment of the Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos

35. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Suetinskaya 23

36. Nizhny Novgorod, bell tower of the Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos

37. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Rozhdestvenskaya, Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos, is better known as the Nativity Church.

38. The church was built in 1696-1719 at the expense of the merchant Grigory Dmitrievich Stroganov.

39. In Soviet times, it was decided to destroy the church, but the rector of the church, Father Sergiy Veisov (from 1915 to 1934), having collected historical documents and photographs and having read more than one lecture in the head offices on the cultural significance of the Stroganov baroque, managed to preserve the temple. It was decided to place it in the building of the city museum of the history of religion and atheism. The temple was consecrated again on June 3, 1993; now it is a functioning church.

40. Nizhny Novgorod, Kanavinsky bridge across the Oka

41. Nizhny Novgorod, a slope with walking paths near the Azimut hotel.

42. Nizhny Novgorod, Christmas Church and River Station

43. Nizhny Novgorod, Kanavinsky bridge across the Oka at sunset

44. Nizhny Novgorod, view of the city and the Volga from the Fedorovsky embankment

45. Nizhny Novgorod, River station

46. ​​Nizhny Novgorod, Fedorovsky embankment, pedestrian bridge over the Postal exit

47. Nizhny Novgorod, view from the pedestrian bridge, the backyard of Nizhny

48. Nizhny Novgorod, building on Markin Square

49. Nizhny Novgorod, Kanavinsky bridge over the Oka at sunset

50. Nizhny Novgorod, Fedorovsky embankment, pedestrian bridge over the Postal exit

51. Nizhny Novgorod, Assumption Church (on Mount Ilyinsky). The stone Assumption Church was built by the merchant Afanasy Firsovich Olisov. The construction was completed in 1672. In 1715, the church was damaged by fire and was rebuilt.

52. Nizhny Novgorod, the chambers of the merchant Afanasy Firsovich Olisov, built in the 1670s (!)

53. Nizhny Novgorod, per. Steep

54. Nizhny Novgorod, per. Steep

55. Nizhny Novgorod, per. Steep, 9. House of the merchant IP Poyarkov.

56. Nizhny Novgorod, the chambers of the merchant Olisov and the Church of the Assumption

57. Nizhny Novgorod, Assumption Church. Nearby is the place where the estate was, in which the famous Russian self-taught mechanic I. Kulibin was born and lived (not preserved)

58. Nizhny Novgorod, the chambers of the merchant Afanasy Firsovich Olisov in the last rays of the sun

59. Nizhny Novgorod, Church of Elijah the Prophet (Elias Church), st. Ilyinskaya, 9

60. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Ilyinskaya, 18. Ministry of Education

61. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Dobrolyubova

62. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Dobrolyubova 4A

63. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Dobrolyubov, Church of the Myrrh-Bearer Wives

64. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Dobrolyubova

65. Nizhny Novgorod, st. Dobrolyubova

19.11.2017 The sculpture was named "Chinush and long-term construction"

The defrauded equity holders of "Kvartstroy" gathered for the next meeting. The action began with the installation of a monument to the "bureaucrat" dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the residential complex "Kvartal Evropeyskiy".

Shareholders named the sculpture "Chinusha and Protracted Construction". According to their idea, it symbolizes the indifference of the authorities to the problem of abandoned construction projects. The medal “10 years together” was solemnly hung around the official’s neck - it was 10 years ago that “Kvartstroy” received permission to build the first houses of the residential complex “Kvartal Evropeyskiy”. According to the initiative group, the army of defrauded real estate investors in Nizhny Novgorod numbers about 10 thousand citizens - this is the population of a small town.

At the moment, we do not see any positive shifts. The roadmaps, which were announced as salvation, did not even begin to be discussed with the participants in shared construction, - said Olga Davydova, a representative of the initiative group of equity holders of the residential complex "Kvartal Evropeyskiy". - These documents, despite numerous requests from equity holders, continue to contain inaccurate information about the number of affected citizens, some houses of our residential complexes have not been included in the lists of problem objects, the document does not contain any deadlines or those responsible for the work, and even less so information on the participation of initiative groups of equity holders in each of the stages. Thus, it is obvious that everything that the Ministry of Construction of the Nizhny Novgorod Region reports is unreliable, the actions are formal.

Shareholders talk about the indifference of all branches of government to their problems. At the beginning of the week, a large meeting was held in the Legislative Assembly of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. In words, everyone supported the victims and demanded a solution to the problem. In fact, we talked and went our separate ways. The defrauded equity holders officially invited the city and regional leaders, deputies of all levels to their action, but no one came.

Shareholders during the rally outlined the following requirements:

• working road maps indicating all houses of each residential complex, terms and responsible for each of the stages;
• inclusion of all equity holders in the register and not declaratively, as is happening now, but according to the USRR register;
• participation of representatives of initiative groups consisting of 3-4 people from each ZhK in the discussion of all issues related to measures to complete the construction of houses;
• allocation of financing and planning for the completion and delivery of the objects of the indicated housing estates in accordance with the principle of the priority of concluding contracts.

The event, although it was agreed, was not without arrests. The police escorted five protesters to the police station, who held up a banner hinting at obscene language. The detainees were released after the conversation without a protocol, and the banner was sent for examination.

Meanwhile, the message of the regional ministry of construction that two houses of the residential complex "Kvartal Evropeyskiy" - No. 6-5 ("Athens") and No. 6-6 ("Naples") - and will be commissioned by the end of the year, confirmed the representative of the initiative group Alexander Oskirko ... Houses .

In fact, we have not achieved the completion of the construction of our houses either from the developer or from the authorities. We were lucky to have the opportunity to help ourselves - due to a fairly high degree of readiness of houses and a relatively (very relatively) favorable coincidence of circumstances, - Alexander Oskirko told the NN.RU correspondent. - Unfortunately, our case is more the exception than the rule.