Animals are the deepest cavity in the world. Depth of the Mariana Trench

There are 5 oceans on Earth, which occupy a significant part of the land. Having conquered space and having landed a man on the moon, sending autonomous spacecraft to the most distant planets Solar system, people know negligible little about what is hidden in the depths of the sea on their home planet.

What is the Mariana Trench?

This name is the deepest known place in the Pacific Ocean today. It is a trench formed by the convergence of tectonic plates. Maximum depth Mariana Trench is approximately 10,994 meters (data for 2011). There are other troughs in all other oceans, but not as deep. Only the Yavan (7729 meters) can be compared with the Mariana Trench.

Location

The deepest place on Earth is in the western Pacific Ocean, near Mariana Islands... The chute stretches along them for one and a half thousand kilometers. The bottom of the depression is flat; its width ranges from 1 to 5 kilometers. The trough got its name in honor of the islands next to which it is located.

"Challenger Abyss"

This name has the deepest place (10,994 meters) of the Mariana Trench. It should be clarified here that it is not yet possible to obtain the exact dimensions of this giant depression of the ocean floor. The speed of sound at different depths is very different, and the Mariana Trench has a very complex structure, so the data obtained with the echo sounder is always slightly different.

Discovery history

People have long known that there are deep-sea places in the seas and oceans. In 1875, the British corvette Challenger opened one of these points. What depth of the Mariana Trench was recorded then? She was 8367 meters. The instruments of measurement at that time were far from ideal, but even this result made a stunning impression - it became clear that the deepest point of the ocean floor on the planet had been found.

Chute studies

In the 19th century, it was simply impossible to explore the bottom of the Mariana Trench. At that time, there was no technology to go down to such depth. Without modern means of immersion, this was tantamount to suicide.

The re-examination of the gutter took place many years later, in the next century. Measurements made in 1951 showed a depth of 10,863 meters. Then, in 1957, members of the Soviet scientific ship "Vityaz" were engaged in the study of the depression. According to their measurements, the depth of the Mariana Trench was 11,023 meters.

The last study of the gutter was carried out in 2011.

Cameron's great journey

The Canadian director became the third person in the history of Mariana Trench exploration to descend to its bottom. He was the first in the world to do it alone. Prior to its sinking, the trench was explored by Don Walsh and Jacques Picard in 1960 using the Trieste submersible. In addition, Japanese scientists tried to find out what the depth of the Mariana Trench is using the Kaiko probe. And in 2009, the Nereus device descended to the bottom of the trough.

Descent to such incredible depths is associated with a huge number of risks. First of all, a person is threatened by a monstrous pressure of 1100 atmospheres. It can damage the body of the aircraft, resulting in the death of the pilot. Another serious danger that lies in wait when descending to depth is the cold reigning there. He is able not only to cause equipment malfunction, but also to kill a person. The bathyscaphe can collide with rocks and be damaged.

For many years James Cameron dreamed of visiting the deepest point of the Mariana Trench - the "Challenger Abyss". In order to carry out his plans, he equipped his own expedition. Especially for this, an underwater vehicle was developed and built in Sydney - a single-seat Deepsea Challenger bathyscaphe, equipped with scientific equipment, as well as photo and video cameras. In it, Cameron sank to the bottom of the Mariana Trench. This event happened on March 26, 2012.

In addition to photographs and video filming, the Deepsea Challenger bathyscaphe had to make new measurements of the chute and try to give accurate data on its dimensions. Everyone was worried about one question: "How much?" The depth of the Mariana Trench, according to the apparatus, was 10,908 meters.

The director was impressed with what he saw below. Most of all, the bottom of the depression reminded him of a lifeless lunar landscape. He did not meet the terrible inhabitants of the abyss. The only creature he saw through the bathyscaphe window was a small shrimp.

After a successful voyage, James Cameron decided to donate his bathyscaphe to the Oceanographic Institute so that it could continue to be used to explore the depths of the sea.

Eerie Deep Dwellers

The lower the ocean floor, the less sunlight penetrates the water column. The depth of the Mariana Trench is the reason that impenetrable darkness always reigns in it. But even the absence of light cannot hinder the origin of life. Darkness gives birth to beings who have never seen the sun. And they, in turn, only recently were able to see marine biologists.

The sight is not for the faint of heart. Almost all the inhabitants of the Mariana Trench seem to have been born from the imagination of an artist who creates monsters for horror films. Seeing them for the first time, you might think that they do not live next to a person on the same planet, but are alien creatures, they look so alien.

To some extent, this is true - very little is known about the oceans and their inhabitants. The bottom of the Mariana Trench has been less explored to date than the surface of Mars. Therefore, for a long time it was believed that life is impossible at such a depth without sunlight. It turned out that this is not the case. The depth of the Mariana Trench, gigantic pressure and cold are not a hindrance to the emergence of amazing creatures living in complete darkness.

Most of them have an ugly appearance due to the terrible living conditions. The sheer darkness that reigns in the depths made the marine inhabitants of these places completely blind. Many fish have large teeth, such as the Hawliods, which swallow their prey whole.

What can living creatures eat so far from the surface of the ocean? Remains of living organisms accumulate at the bottom of the depression, forming a multi-meter layer of bottom silt. The inhabitants of the depths feed on these deposits. Predatory fish have luminous areas of the body with which they attract small fish.

The trough is inhabited by bacteria that can develop only at high pressure, unicellular organisms, jellyfish, worms, mollusks, sea cucumbers. The depth of the Mariana Trench gives them the ability to reach very large sizes. For example, amphipods found at the bottom of the trough are 17 centimeters long.

Amoeba

Xenophyophores (amoebas) are unicellular organisms that can only be viewed with a microscope. But at depth, these inhabitants of the Mariana Trench reach gigantic sizes - up to 10 centimeters. Previously, they were found at a depth of 7,500 meters. An interesting feature of these organisms, in addition to their size, is the ability to accumulate uranium, lead and mercury. Outwardly, deep-sea amoebas look different. Some are disc-shaped or tetrahedral. Xenophyophores feed on bottom sediments.

Hirondellea gigas

Large amphipods (amphipods) were found in the Mariana Trench. These deep-sea crayfish feed on dead organics that accumulate at the bottom of the cavity and have a keen sense of smell. The largest specimen found was 17 centimeters long.

Holothurians

Sea cucumbers are another representative of the organisms that live at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. This class of invertebrates feeds on plankton and bottom sediments.

Conclusion

The Mariana Trench has not yet been properly explored. Nobody knows what creatures inhabit it and how many secrets it keeps.

What every student knows from the subject of geography: the most high point the planet is Mount Everest (8848 m), and the lowest is the Mariana Trench. The trench is the deepest and most mysterious point of our planet - despite the fact that the oceans are closer to space stars, humanity has managed to explore only 5 percent of the ocean depths.

The depression is located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean and is a V-shape that flows around the Mariana Islands for 1500 km - hence the name. The deepest point is the Challenger Abyss, named after the Challenger II echo sounder, which recorded 10,994 m below sea level. To measure the bottom in conditions of pressure 1072 times higher than the norm for a person is akin to suicide; under the water column in 1875, a corvette of an English expedition was sent for the first time. The contribution of Soviet scientists is invaluable - the Vityaz ship in 1957 obtained invaluable data: there is life in the Mariana Trench, despite the fact that even light does not penetrate to a depth of over 1000 m.

Ocean monsters

In 1960, US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh and explorer Jacques Piccard descended into a dark abyss in the Trieste submarine. depth of the Mariana Trench... At a record 10,915 m, they found flat fish resembling a flounder. Not without problems: the devices recorded the shadows of creatures resembling mystical many-headed dragons. Scientists heard the grinding of teeth on metal - and the hull of the ship was 13 cm thick! As a result, it was decided to urgently raise Trieste to the surface before tragedy struck. On land, they found that the thick cable was almost half bitten - the unknown creatures clearly did not tolerate strangers in their underwater kingdom ... Details dangerous journey in 1996 were published in the New York Times.

Later, researchers using special equipment confirmed that there really is life at the bottom of the depression - the latest developments in the field of technology made it possible to take unique pictures of half-meter mutant octopuses, strange jellyfish and angler fish. They feed mainly on each other - and sometimes on bacteria. Interestingly, the crustaceans caught in the abyss have much more toxins in their puny bodies than the inhabitants of the coastal waters of the ocean. Most of all, scientists were surprised by mollusks - in theory, the monstrous pressure should have flattened their shells, but the ocean inhabitants feel good in these conditions.

Champagne at the bottom of the ocean

Another mystery of the depression is the so-called "Champagne", a hydrothermal source that emits countless bubbles of carbon dioxide into the water. It is the only underwater source of a liquid chemical element in the world. It was thanks to him that the first hypotheses about the appearance of life on Earth in water were born. By the way, the temperature in the Mariana Trench is not the coldest - from 1 to 4 degrees. It is provided by "black smokers" - the same thermal springs, emitting ore substances, which is why they acquire a dark color. They are very hot, but due to the high pressure, the water in the abyss does not boil, so the temperature is quite suitable for living organisms.

In 2012, renowned filmmaker James Cameron became the first person to reach the bottom of the Pacific Ocean alone. Moving on the Dipsy Challenger apparatus, he was able to take soil samples from the Challenger Abyss and conduct a 3D survey. The resulting footage served science and became the basis for a documentary on the National Geographic channel. Russia is not lagging behind - towards an expedition to the bottom depths of the Mariana Trench our famous traveler Fedor Konyukhov. Perhaps he will be able to shed light on the mysteries of the lowest point of the planet?

Pavilion Around the World. Asia, Africa, Latin America, Australia and Oceania "

ETNOMIR, Kaluga region, Borovsk district, Petrovo village

The ethnographic park-museum "ETNOMIR" is an amazing place. "City" street is built inside a spacious pavilion, therefore, on Peace Street it is always warm, light and good weather- just right for an exciting walk, especially since within the framework of the latter you can complete the whole trip around the world... Like any street popular with tourists, it has its own attractions, workshops, street artisans, cafes and shops located inside and outside of 19 houses.

The facades of the buildings are made in different ethnic styles. Each house is a "quote" from the life and traditions of a particular country. The very appearance of the houses begins the story of distant lands.

Go inside - and you will be surrounded by new, unfamiliar objects, sounds and smells. Colors and finishes, furniture, interior and household items - all this helps to plunge into the atmosphere of distant countries, to understand and feel their uniqueness.

They never cease to amaze us with their riddles. The described place has also not yet been properly studied for quite objective reasons.

So we offer you Interesting Facts about the Mariana Trench or, as it is also called, the Mariana Trench. Below are valuable photographs of the mysterious inhabitants of this abyss.

It is located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean. This is the deepest place in the world known to date.

Having a V-shape, the trench runs along the Mariana Islands for 1500 km.

Mariana Trench on the map

An interesting fact is that the Mariana Trench is located at the junction: the Pacific and the Philippines.

The pressure at the bottom of the trough reaches 108.6 MPa, which is almost 1072 higher than normal pressure.

Probably, now you understand that due to such conditions it is extremely difficult to explore the mysterious bottom of the world, as this place is also called. Nevertheless, science community Since the end of the 19th century, he has not ceased to study this mystery of nature step by step.

Exploration of the Mariana Trench

In 1875, the first attempt was made to globally explore the Mariana Trench. The British expedition "Challenger" carried out measurements and analysis of the trough. It was this group of scientists who set the primary mark at 8184 meters.

Of course, this was not the full depth, since the capabilities of that time were much more modest than today's measuring systems.

Soviet scientists have also made tremendous contributions to research. An expedition led by the research vessel "Vityaz" in 1957 began its own studies and found that there is life at a depth exceeding 7000 meters.

Until that time, there was a persistent conviction that life at such a depth was simply impossible.

We invite you to see an interesting scale image of the Mariana Trench:

Diving to the bottom of the Mariana Trench

1960 was one of the most fruitful years in terms of exploring the Mariana Trench. The research bathyscaphe "Trieste" made a record dive to a depth of 10,915 meters.

This is where something mysterious and inexplicable began. Special devices that register underwater sound began to transmit eerie noises to the surface, reminiscent of the grinding of a saw on metal.

The monitors recorded mystical shadows that resembled fabulous dragons with multiple heads. For an hour, scientists tried to capture as much data as possible, but then the situation began to spiral out of control.

It was decided to immediately raise the bathyscaphe to the surface, as there were reasonable fears that if you wait a little longer, the bathyscaphe will forever remain in the mysterious abyss of the Mariana Trench.

For more than 8 hours, specialists have retrieved unique equipment made of heavy-duty materials from the bottom.

Of course, all the instruments, and the bathyscaphe itself, were carefully placed on a special platform for studying the surface.

Imagine the surprise of scientists when it turned out that almost all elements of the unique apparatus, made of the most durable metals at that time, were severely deformed and distorted.

The cable, 20 cm in diameter, which lowered the bathyscaphe to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, was half sawn. Who and why tried to cut it - remains a mystery to this day.

An interesting fact is that only in 1996 the American newspaper "New York Times" published the details of this unique study.

Lizard from the Mariana Trench

The German Highfish Expedition also faced the unexplained mysteries of the Mariana Trench. Submerging the research apparatus to the bottom, unexpected difficulties arose before the scientists.

Being at a depth of 7 kilometers under water, they decided to lift the equipment.

But the technique refused to obey. Then special infrared cameras were turned on to find out the cause of the failures. However, what they saw on the monitors plunged them into indescribable horror.

On the screen, a fantastic gigantic lizard was clearly visible, which was trying to gnaw the bathyscaphe like a nut squirrel.

Being in a state of shock, the hydronauts activated the so-called electric cannon. Having received a powerful discharge of current, the lizard disappeared into the abyss.

What was it, a fantasy of the possessed research work scientists, mass hypnosis, delirium of people tired of the colossal stress, or just someone's joke - is still unknown.

The deepest place in the Mariana Trench

On December 7, 2011, researchers at the University of New Hampshire plunged a unique robot into the bottom of an investigated trough.

Thanks to modern equipment, it was possible to register a depth of 10,994 m (+/- 40 m). This place was named after the first expedition (1875), about which we wrote above: “ Challenger Abyss».

Inhabitants of the Mariana Trench

Of course, after these inexplicable and even mystical secrets, natural questions began to arise: what monsters live at the bottom of the Mariana Trench? After all, for a long time it was believed that the existence of living beings below 6,000 meters is, in principle, impossible.

However, later studies of the Pacific Ocean in general, and the Mariana Trench in particular, confirmed the fact that at a much greater depth, in impenetrable darkness, under the monstrous pressure and water temperature close to 0 degrees, a huge number of unseen creatures live.

Undoubtedly, without modern technology, made of the most durable materials and equipped with cameras with unique properties, such research would be simply impossible.

As a summary, we can confidently say that at the bottom of the Mariana Trench, between 6,000 and 11,000 meters under water, the following have been reliably found: worms (up to 1.5 meters in size), crayfish, the most diverse, amphipods, gastropods, mutant octopuses, mysterious, not identified soft-bodied creatures of two meters in size, etc.

These inhabitants feed mainly on bacteria and the so-called "cadaveric rain", that is, dead organisms slowly sinking to the bottom.

Hardly anyone doubts that the Mariana Trench holds many more. However, the person does not give up attempts to investigate this. unique place planets.

Thus, the only people who dared to dive to the "bottom of the earth" were the American marine specialist Don Walsh and the Swiss scientist Jacques Piccard. On the same bathyscaphe "Trieste" they reached the bottom on January 23, 1960, having sank to a depth of 10,915 meters.

However, on March 26, 2012, James Cameron, an American filmmaker, made a solo dive to the bottom of the deepest point in the oceans. Bathyscaphe collected all the necessary samples and made a valuable photo and video filming. Thus, we now know that only three people have been to Challenger's Abyss.

Did they manage to answer at least half of the questions? Of course not, since the Mariana Trench still hides much more mysterious and inexplicable things.

By the way, James Cameron stated that after diving to the bottom, he felt completely cut off from the human world. Moreover, he assured that no monsters at the bottom of the Mariana Trench simply do not exist.

But here you can recall the primitive Soviet statement, after the flight into space: "Gagarin flew into space - he did not see God." From this it was concluded that there is no God.

Similarly, here, we cannot unequivocally say that the giant lizard and other creatures that scientists saw in the process of previous research were the result of someone's sick fantasy.

It is important to understand that the subject geographic feature has a length of over 1000 kilometers. Therefore, potential monsters, the inhabitants of the Mariana Trench, could well have been many hundreds of kilometers from the research site.

However, these are just hypotheses.

Panorama of the Mariana Trench on Yandex Map

Another interesting fact may intrigue you. On April 1, 2012, Yandex published a comic panorama of the Mariana Trench. On it you can see a sunken ship, water plums and even the glowing eyes of a mysterious underwater monster.

Despite the humorous idea, this panorama is tied to real place and is still available to users.

To view it, copy this code into the address bar of your browser:

https://yandex.ua/maps/-/CZX6401a

The abyss knows how to keep its secrets, and our civilization has not yet reached such a development to "crack" natural mysteries. However, who knows, maybe one of the readers of this article in the future will become the genius who will be able to solve this problem?

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The most mysterious and inaccessible point of our planet - the Mariana Trench - is called the "fourth pole of the Earth." It is located in the western part of the Pacific Ocean and is 2,926 km long and 80 km wide. At a distance of 320 km south of the island of Guam, there is the deepest point of the Mariana Trench and the entire planet - 11022 meters. In these little-studied depths, living creatures are hidden, the appearance of which is as monstrous as the conditions of their habitation.

The Mariana Trench is called the "fourth pole of the Earth"

The Mariana Trench, or the Mariana Trench, is an oceanic trench in the western Pacific Ocean, which is the deepest known on Earth geographic sites. The exploration of the Mariana Trench was laid by the expedition ( December 1872 - May 1876) of the English ship "Challenger" ( HMS Challenger), who carried out the first systemic measurements of the depths of the Pacific Ocean. This military sailing three-masted corvette was converted into an oceanographic vessel for hydrological, geological, chemical, biological and meteorological work in 1872.

In 1960, a great event took place in the history of the conquest of the world's oceans.

The Bathyscaphe Trieste, piloted by French explorer Jacques Picard and US Navy Lieutenant Don Walsh, reached the deepest point of the ocean floor - the Challenger Abyss, located in the Mariana Trench and named after the English ship Challenger, from which the first data were obtained in 1951 about her.

Bathyscaphe "Trieste" before diving, January 23, 1960

The dive lasted 4 hours 48 minutes and ended at a mark of 10911 m above sea level. At this terrible depth, where the monstrous pressure of 108.6 MPa ( which is more than 1100 times the normal atmospheric) flattens all living things, the researchers made the most important oceanological discovery: they saw two 30-centimeter fish, similar to a flounder, swimming past the window. Prior to this, it was believed that at depths exceeding 6,000 m, no life exists.

Thus, an absolute diving depth record was set, which cannot be surpassed even in theory. Picard and Walsh were the only people to have been to the bottom of the Challenger Abyss. All subsequent dives to the deepest point of the world's oceans, for research purposes, were already performed by unmanned robotic bathyscaphes. But there were not so many of them, since “visiting” the Challenger Abyss is both laborious and expensive.

One of the achievements of this dive, which had a beneficial effect on the ecological future of the planet, was the refusal of the nuclear powers from burying radioactive waste at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. The fact is that Jacques Picard experimentally refuted the opinion prevailing at that time that at depths over 6000 m there was no upward movement of water masses.

In the 90s, three dives were made by the Japanese apparatus Kaiko, which was remotely controlled from the "mother" ship via a fiber-optic cable. However, in 2003, while exploring another part of the ocean, during a storm, a towing steel cable snapped, and the robot was lost. Submarine catamaran Nereus, became the third deep-sea vehicle to reach the bottom of the Mariana Trench.

In 2009, mankind again reached the deepest point of the world's oceans.

On May 31, 2009, humanity again reached the deepest point of the Pacific, and indeed the entire world ocean - the American deep-sea vehicle Nereus sank into the Challenger sinkhole at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. The device took soil samples and conducted underwater photo and video filming at the maximum depth, illuminated only by its LED searchlight. During the current dive, Nereus's instruments recorded a depth of 10,902 meters. The indicator was 10,911 meters, and Picard and Walsh measured a value of 10,912 meters. On many Russian maps, the value of 11,022 meters, obtained by the Soviet oceanographic vessel "Vityaz" during the 1957 expedition, is still given. All this testifies to the inaccuracy of measurements, and not to a real change in depth: no one carried out a cross-calibration of the measuring equipment that gave the given values.

The Mariana Trench is formed by the boundaries of two tectonic plates: the colossal Pacific plate goes under the not so large Philippine plate. This is a zone of extremely high seismic activity, part of the so-called Pacific volcanic ring of fire, stretching for 40 thousand km, an area with the most frequent eruptions and earthquakes in the world. The deepest point of the trench is the Challenger Abyss, named after an English ship.

The inexplicable and incomprehensible has always attracted people, so scientists all over the world are so eager to answer the question: “ What is hidden in the depths of the Mariana Trench?»

The inexplicable and incomprehensible have always attracted people

For a long time, oceanologists considered it madness to hypothesize that at depths of more than 6,000 meters in impenetrable darkness, under monstrous pressure and at temperatures close to zero, life could exist. However, the results of research by scientists in the Pacific Ocean showed that even at these depths, well below the 6,000-meter mark, there are huge colonies of living organisms of the pogonophora, a type of marine invertebrates living in long chitinous tubes open at both ends.

Recently, the veil of secrecy has been lifted by manned and automatic, made of heavy-duty materials, underwater vehicles equipped with video cameras. The result was the discovery of a rich animal community, made up of both well-known and less familiar marine groups.

Thus, at depths of 6000 - 11000 km, the following were found:

- barophilic bacteria (developing only at high pressure);

- of the protozoa - foraminifera (a detachment of protozoa of the subclass of rhizopods with a cytoplasmic body, dressed with a shell) and xenophyophores (barophilic bacteria from protozoa);

- from multicellular organisms - polychaete worms, isopods, amphipods, holothurians, bivalves and gastropods.

At the depths there is no sunlight, no algae, constant salinity, low temperatures, abundance of carbon dioxide, enormous hydrostatic pressure (increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 meters). What do the inhabitants of the abyss eat?

Studies have shown that there is life at depths of over 6,000 meters

The food sources of deep-seated animals are bacteria, as well as rain of "corpses" and organic detritus coming from above; deep animals are either blind or with highly developed eyes, often telescopic; many fish and cephalopods with photofluoroids; in other forms, the surface of the body or parts of it glows. Therefore, the appearance of these animals is as terrible and incredible as the conditions in which they live. Among them - a frightening-looking worms 1.5 meters long, without a mouth and anus, mutant octopuses, extraordinary starfish and some soft-bodied creatures two meters long, which have not yet been identified at all.

Despite the fact that scientists have taken a huge step in the study of the Mariana Trench, the questions have not diminished, new mysteries have emerged that have yet to be solved. And the ocean abyss knows how to keep its secrets. Will people be able to reveal them in the near future? We will follow the news.

The deepest place on Earth is the oceanic trench, which is located near the Mariana Islands.

The Mariana Trench is located in the Pacific Ocean, east of the 14 Mariana Islands near Japan. As you probably already know, this is the deepest oceanic trench and also the deepest place on Earth. It was created as a result of the opposition of two tectonic plates.

Most deep place in the Mariana Trench, the Challenger Deep point is considered (which means - Challenging), it is also the deepest point in the world's oceans. According to various research deep-sea vehicles, the maximum recorded depth is 11,521 m.

The Marianska Trench was first explored in 1951 by the British Navy vessel Challenger II, hence the name of the deepest point on Earth.

The first people to personally dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench were Swiss oceanographer Jacques Picard and US soldier Don Walsh. This happened in January 1960 in a special round bathyscaphe called Trieste. It was a great surprise for scientists when, at such a great depth, they met flat fish and other living organisms. Later in 1995, a Japanese deep-sea vehicle dived at the point of maximum depth and recorded the distance from the bottom to the surface of 10,911.4 meters. According to the latest research in 2011 with the participation of the newest locators, a depth of 10,994 meters is named. site - interesting facts about everything, read on and learn something new.

The dimensions of the Mariana Trench are enormous, along it stretches for 1500 km. The width at the very bottom is only 1-5 km, the bottom is flat, surrounded by sheer cliffs... The water pressure at the very bottom of the depression is 108.6 MPa, which, in turn, is 11 074 tons / m2, or 1 107 kg / cm2.
Here are some facts for comparison.

123 meters. Record maximum depth a person's dive without scuba gear and breathing apparatus is 123 m. This record was achieved by a diver from Monaco and is officially registered.

100 m. The blue whale is the largest animal on earth, with a diving depth of no more than 100 meters.

1000 m. Below this mark, sunlight does not penetrate.

2000 m. The sperm whale is the only mammal that can dive to a depth of two kilometers.

4000 m. Water pressure reaches 402 kg per cm2. The ambient temperature is not higher than +2 degrees. Pisces are blind or with underdeveloped eyes.

6000 m. The pressure is 584 times greater than the pressure on the Earth's surface. Despite this, life exists here.

10994 m.Bottom of the Mariana Trench. The complete absence of light, the water pressure is 1072 times higher than the surface pressure, 1 ton of 74 kilograms is pressed by 1 square centimeter. Infernal conditions. But there is life here. Small fish similar to flounder up to 30 centimeters long.

Below we provide photos of deep sea fish. Most of these creatures live at depths of 500 to 6500 meters.

Do you think this monkfish fish has legs? I hasten to disappoint you. These are not legs at all, but two males that have stuck to the female. The fact is that at great depths and in the complete absence of light, it is very difficult to find a partner. Therefore, the male monkfish, as soon as he finds a female, immediately bites into her side. These hugs will never break. Later, it grows together with the female's body, loses all unnecessary organs, merges with her circulatory system and becomes only a source of sperm. Below is another photo of this fish.

It is a deep-sea octopus measuring only 20 cm. The depth of habitation is from 500 to 5000 meters.

This is a fish with a transparent head. What for? At depth, as you know, there is very little light. The fish has developed a defense mechanism, its eyes are in the center of the head so that they cannot be injured. In order to see the evolution has awarded this fish with a transparent head. The two green spheres are the eyes.

We hope you enjoyed the pictures of fish living in the depths of the Mariana Trench.