The deepest place on land in the world. The deepest ocean - the deepest places on the planet
From the darkest depths of the ocean to some of the tallest peaks on Earth, below are the twenty-five largest, highest, deepest and tiniest places in the world!
25. The deepest lake - Lake Baikal
This Siberian rift lake is not only the most deep lake on Earth, but it also has the largest volume and contains about 20 percent of the fresh water of the entire Earth's surface.
24. The most high mountain- Everest
As you may have suspected, Everest is the most officially recognized high mountain in the world. But this is only if we start our measurement at sea level ...
23. Highest mountain from base to summit - Mauna Kea
Mauna Kea, a volcano on the large island of Hawaii, is more than twice the height of Everest from the base of the mountain on the seabed to its peak.
22. The point farthest from the center of the Earth is Mount Chimborazo
Due to the bulge of the Earth at the equator, the peak of Mount Everest is also not the most distant point from the center of the Earth. This honor belongs to the summit of Mount Chimborazo in Ecuador.
21. The lowest point on Earth - Challenger Deep
This depression, located almost 11 kilometers below the surface of the ocean, is the deepest point in the already deep Mariana Trench. In fact, Everest would sit comfortably below the surface here.
20. The most high waterfall- Angel (Angel Falls)
This waterfall in Venezuela is so high that water sometimes evaporates before reaching the ground.
19. Driest place - Atacama Desert
In the middle of the Chilean Atacama Desert, there is a point where it never rains. Scientists call this region "an absolute desert".
18. Highest human settlement - La Rinconada
This mining town located in Peru is in the highest inhabited region the globe... At an altitude that exceeds the location of La Rinconada, a person simply cannot adapt.
17.Highest temperature - Death Valley
With a recorded temperature of almost 57 degrees Celsius, Death Valley in California has once again become the hottest place on Earth in recent years.
16. The most remote inhabited place on Earth - Tristan da Cunha (Tristan da Cunha)
This small archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, located thousands of kilometers from both South Africa and from South America, has a population of 271 people. Mail only reaches here a few times a year.
15. The deepest cave - Krubera-Voronya Cave
This cave, located in Abkhazia, is the only known cave in the world with a depth of over 2,000 meters.
14. The biggest difference in elevation is Mount Tor
Mount Thor, located in Canada, has a height of 1250 meters and despite its very remote location in the frozen tundra of the northern provinces of Canada, it is popular place for rock climbing.
13. Hottest inhabited place - Dallol, Ethiopia
The hottest permanently inhabited region in the world is in Ethiopia. Although today Dallol has become even less populated and some even say that it has become a ghost town. However, it is also worth noting that there has been no official census in this region for a long time, so the research is based on previously obtained data.
12. The northernmost point of land on Earth - Kaffeklubben Island
This island, which belongs to Greenland, is officially considered the most north point sushi on Earth. However, there are several slowly moving gravel streaks that lie further north.
11. Lowest temperature - Vostok Station, Antarctica 
-89.2 ° C - This temperature was recorded in East Antarctica and, in addition to some new satellite measurements, is still considered the lowest terrestrial temperature on record.
10. Deepest Ice - Bentley Subglacial Trench
This place is also in Antarctica, and the depth of the ice here exceeds 2.5 kilometers. In fact, the land on which he rests is well below sea level and is the lowest point on Earth not covered by an ocean.
9. The deepest point measured from ground level - Kola superdeep well
Although it was artificially created, this Russian science project tried to get as deep as possible into the earth's crust. The drill has reached a depth of over 12 kilometers.
8. Deepest point made by man - TauTona Mine
This South African mine is the deepest point under the Earth's surface that a person could fit. Its depth is almost 4 kilometers.
7. The coldest locality- Oymyakon, Russia
Sometimes the temperature drops below freezing in mid-September and remains there until May. average temperature in January is -46 ° C. The population of the village is less than 500 people.
6. The highest road is the Aucanquilcha mining road
This mining road was once used for trucks that climbed this Chilean volcano to an altitude of over 6,000 meters.
5. Highest mountain pass - Marsimik La, India 
Although volcanic Mountain road, which we saw in the previous paragraph, is technically the highest road in the world, it is a dead end and is no longer in use. In contrast, the Marsimik-La Pass, located at an altitude of 5,582 meters in northern India, is often considered the highest functional road in the world.
4. The highest lake - Lake Titicaca
This lake is located on the border of Peru and Bolivia in the Andes at an altitude of 3,812 meters. There are several unnamed crater lakes in the world that may be located slightly higher.
3. The most remote island - Bouvet Island
This small uninhabited Norwegian island in the southern part Atlantic Ocean, is located between Antarctica and Tristan da Cunha (a place that, as you remember, is quite remote in itself).
2. The longest river - Nile
Despite the difficulties in accurately calculating the sources and directions of various rivers, the Nile is generally considered the longest river in the world. Its length is 6,650 kilometers. In ancient times, when water still flowed from Lake Tanganyika, the Nile was 1,500 kilometers longer.
1. The most remote point from the ocean - Xinjiang, China
This region in China is the Asian pole of inaccessibility. Basically, this means that it is the farthest point on the continent from any ocean.
Do you think the deepest places on the planet can be up to 10 kilometers? Let's figure it out together. Considering the fact that the Earth's core is about six kilometers from the surface, it probably cannot. However, our world is a very amazing place. We bring to your attention the Top 10 most unique depressions, pits, wells and other deep zones, striking in their history and dimensions. We will consider not only land, but also water expanses. Let's talk about the origin and significance of artificially made pits. Let's find out how close a person can get to the core of the planet!
Top 10 deepest places in the world
10
England is home to the most striking well in the world called Woodingdean. The construction of this facility began back in 1858. At that time, no one planned to build such a huge pit. Initially, it was planned to dig the well for only 122 meters. However, after reaching the goal, the craftsmen did not manage to find water. As a result, the specialists of that time continued their work and got to the bowels at a depth of 392 meters. It is difficult to say how many victims this building cost. Every day people had to go down fragile stairs.
The deepest mine on our planet, which is also known for the work of a unique excavator. The depth is 370 meters. At the same time, with the help of the world's largest equipment, about twenty-five tons of brown coal are raised every day. That's not all - it turns out that there is a hill Sophienhöhe near the quarry, which is the largest artificial hill on the planet. With its help it is possible to see the whole mine, it rises 300 meters above the sea. That is, Sophienhöhe is almost as big as the Tagebau Hambach mine is deep.
In Mexico, there is the largest karst sinkhole, whose name is El Zakaton, attracting drivers from all over the world. It is as attractive as it is dangerous, with a depth of 339 meters. It was formed during the Pleistocene, about 12 million years ago. The huge depression is completely filled with water. According to available, official data to date, only one robot has managed to get to the bottom of the funnel. Naturally, the pressure is beyond comprehension.
Baikal is an asset Russian Federation, the depth of which reaches 1642 meters. Perhaps it will be interesting for you to get acquainted with other dimensional lakes on our planet! As for Lake Baikal, it should be noted that people have been actively trying to conquer the depth of this fresh water body since 1977. For the first time, the goal was achieved with the help of the Mir bathyscaphe, submerged to a maximum depth of 1640 meters. The event took place in 2009! Baikal is also included in our rating of the largest lakes in Russia and ranks second there.
More than 2 km.
There is a cave in Abkhazia called Krubera. Locals also called Crow's Cave. So, its depth is more than 2 kilometers. One of the deepest places on land was discovered in 1960 by a certain Alexander Kruber, after whom, in fact, the cave got its name. Until today unique place admires a lot of archaeologists and researchers from different parts of our planet. However, as well as brave tourists.
In Canada, namely Ontario, there is a zinc mine called Kidd Mine. The depth of the amazing lowland is 2733 meters above sea level. Such mines cannot be found, not only because of their size, but also because of the minerals that are regularly removed from the open pit. It is located in the northern part of the state, closest to the center of the planet. It should be noted that it expands significantly underground. At the same time, it is planned to deepen the mine at the end of this year!
The deepest point in the Arctic Ocean
Unfortunately there is no photo.
The Litke Trench is perhaps not a very hospitable place, the depth of which is about 5500 m. It is located about 350 kilometers from the Arctic desert, near the island of Spitsbergen. In the Arctic Ocean, it will not find competitors in depth. The Litke Trough was first discovered by members of the expedition of the ship "Fedor Litke" back in 1955. In honor of this mission, as well as the name of the leader, the depression received such a name.
Milwaukee is the deepest point in the ocean, located in the vast Atlantic waters. Just imagine that its depth is 8740 m. That is, the distance is greater than to the core of the Earth. Here is the answer to the main question of this text. But that's not all. It was first recorded by the Milwaukee ship (America). Located on the border Caribbean... For a long time, geologists have tried to understand where the fault occurs, but to this day there is no exact answer. Most likely, it was formed as a result of a volcanic eruption due to a powerful tsunami. If you are interested, you can find out what they are!
The nature of our planet is so amazing that when describing it I want to use only bright epithets with a superlative degree. Having once again heard about the new discovery of scientists, we are again and again convinced how little we know about our world. One of these mysteries was and remains Mariana Trench- the deepest place in the world.
Mariana Trench - the bottomless mystery of the planet
Depth of the Mariana Trench (or Mariana Trench) - more than 10 thousand meters... For more than a decade, this mysterious area has raised a lot of questions that the most eminent scientists cannot answer.
The water pressure here is 1000 times higher than at sea level... It would seem that in such conditions not a single living creature can exist. However, the depression is inhabited by many amazing inhabitants, which is just one of its mysteries.
Location
The bottomless abyss is located in the west of the Pacific Ocean, two hundred kilometers from the islands of the same name. Has the shape of a crescent. Takes about 2.5 thousand km in length and almost 70 km wide.
The Mariana Trench is an immense water reserve and nationwide monument protected by the American government. Fishing and mining is strictly prohibited here.
Discovery history
In 1875, the British ship "Challenger" discovered a mysterious, bottomless place in the ocean. Meter by meter the sailors lowered the lot rope into the water, but the bottom did not appear! The cable stopped only at a depth of 8184 m. The obtained value was only approximate, but it was enough to understand: the lowest part of the planet was found.
It was called the Mariana Trench (from the name of the nearest islands). It was found that it has the shape of a crescent, and the lowest point - "Challenger Abyss" - is located at 11035 meters.
Voyages to the abyss
The pressure at the bottom of the trough reaches 1100 atmospheres. I must say that most modern devices are designed for a maximum of 6-7 thousand meters of depth. That is why the number of successful attempts to reach the bottom of the gutter is negligible - only 4 for the entire period from the date of opening.
The first human trip to the bottom of the canyon happened in 1960. The Trieste deep-sea craft was launched into the Challenger Abyss with two researchers on board:
- Oceanographer from Switzerland J. Picard;
- US Navy Lieutenant D. Walsh.
Their descent lasted for 5 hours. They stayed at the bottom for 12 minutes, after which a long, three-hour climb began. Their report says that life is present at the bottom of the depression, and the upward current has significant biological significance.
In 2012, J. Cameron, the author of the legendary films, sank into the abyss. For 6 hours, which the famous director spent at the bottom, he was able to make unique photographs and videos, collect samples of soil, minerals, living beings. On their basis, the film "Challenge to the Abyss" was filmed.
Bottom temperature
Descending to great depths, a person intuitively believes that it will be too cold there. Indeed, in the upper layers of the Mariana Trench, the water warms up only up to 4 0 C... However, a little lower, at 1.6 km from the surface, the temperature rises to 450 0 C... An amazing phenomenon is explained by the presence of hot thermal springs, called "black smokers".
At such a tremendous temperature, the liquid should boil and boil. However, this does not happen due to the massive pressure 155 times the surface pressure. In addition, the water here contains a ton of minerals that help maintain life.
Inhabitants of the Mariana Trench
With each dive to the bottom of the depression, humanity learns about new living things. The first mysterious representatives of the animal world are found on the border of light and darkness. The local inhabitants, forced to live in complete darkness, have learned to adapt and develop their own glow.
Giant poisonous amoeba
Not so long ago, at the bottom of the depression, huge xenophyophores were discovered - amoebas 10 cm long. The non-standard size of these creatures is explained by the lack of sunlight, high pressure and cold, reigning at a depth of more than 10 km.
Xenophiophores boast amazing abilities. They are not afraid of most chemical compounds that are destructive to other creatures.
The strongest pressure of the water mass does not give a chance for the existence of any living creature with shells or bones. But in 2012, a detachment of shellfish living near mineral hot springs was discovered here.
Most likely, the formation of colonies was facilitated by the release of methane and hydrogen contained in serpentine. However, it is not known how, with such a huge pressure, their shells remain undeformed.
In addition, hydrothermal vents release hydrogen sulfide, which is harmful to mollusks. But they learned to convert it into protein useful for themselves.
Amphitretus pelagic
A transparent octopus with 8 tentacles held together by the finest threads. Elongated eyes move around their axis as small telescopes... The octopus can descend to a depth of 2000 meters. It moves along a trajectory unusual for its kind - not horizontally, but vertically.
This 30 cm long umbellate cephalopod looks like an umbrella dome. Has a rather funny image: small "elephant" ears, a plump mouth, sly eyes. But, despite the external harmlessness, grimpoteutis is a formidable predator. He wholeheartedly eats his prey (worms and crustaceans) and feels great at great depths.
A fish with a formidable appearance: tremendous teeth, a terrible muzzle, sticky, scaly skin. It inhabits levels below 1800 meters. Impenetrable darkness reigns here, so the 15-centimeter predator has to "highlight" itself.
Its torso is equipped with bioluminescent organs needed to protect, communicate, and lure food. A luminous ball is formed at the end of the antennae, attracting small fish. They take it for prey and themselves swim into the throat of a predator. Certain specimens of needlefish emit red light, which is quite unusual for deep dwellers.
A fish with a translucent head, inside of which barrel eyes move. Most often, they look up, following the movements of potential victims.
The first specimen of this unusual creature was raised from the depths in 1939. However, biologists were unable to observe the behavior of the barrel-eye, since all the fish died during the ascent due to a monstrous jump in pressure.
Most of the known jellyfish live in the upper layers of the ocean, but the bentokodon prefers a depth of more than 700 m. It looks like a red moving saucer up to 3 cm in diameter with many elongated thin tentacles.
It feeds on single-celled and miniature crustaceans. Some researchers believe that the red coating helps the jellyfish hide the bioluminescent glow of the prey it has eaten. If the benthocodon were transparent, then after eating it would be easily detected by large predators.
Deep sea fishing rod
A predatory fish with a shapeless body, sharp teeth and a huge mouth. The length of its body depends on the sex: in females - 20 cm, in males - only 2.5 cm. The angler fish is engaged in catching food using the same technology as the needleworm - it lures prey with a luminous ball located on the forehead.
The breeding process of the anglerfish is as unusual as its appearance... The male attaches to the female and literally dissolves in her. Most of the external and internal organs disappear. Only the seed storage remains intact, which the female uses for fertilization.
The animal resembles a mixture of an eel and a dinosaur. It is a gruesome creature with six stripes of sinuous gills that are 1.8 meters long and 20 rows of sharp, serrated fangs.
It feeds on various types of fish and cephalopods. The manner of hunting resembles a snake one: a frilled shark rises in a bend and rushes sharply forward.
The appearance of this stern creature really resembles a cleaver or a hatchet, moving at a depth of one and a half thousand meters. There are 40 types of "hatchet". They are all too flat and emitting a silvery light.
They can change the level of radiation, focusing on the amount of light coming from the surface. This allows them to "dissolve" in the environment and better hide from enemies.
A muzzle with a gigantic, beak-like nose, huge protruding jaws, pink skin - the whole appearance of a shark resembles a picture from a modern horror movie. Its length is 5.5 m. It is found at the level of 90 m, and the older the brownie, the lower it tries to swim.
The bottom of the Mariana Trench
The bottomless hollow conceals a lot of unusual things:
- Champagne hydrothermal spring is the only underwater area with liquid carbon dioxide studied;
- A layer of sticky mucus covering the bottom of the cavity. For many centuries, fragments of plankton and crushed shells were collected here, which, under the strongest pressure of the water, turned into a viscous grayish-yellow mud;
- A lake of refined molten sulfur formed by the Daikoku submarine volcano. The boiling point of the black gurgling emulsion is 187 0 C;
- 4 stone bridges, 69 km long. Located at the junction of 2 tectonic platforms. The height of the largest of the bridges is 2.5 km.
The silent and mysterious Mariana Trench is a vast field for scientific research. And who knows, maybe someday, it is she who will reveal to us the secret of the origin of all life on Earth.
Video
The ocean is much closer to us than the planets solar system... However, its bottom has been studied only by 5 percent. And how many more secrets do the waters of the world's oceans keep? This is the greatest mystery of our planet.
Maximum depth
The Mariana Trench, or in other words the Mariana Trench, is the deepest place in the world's oceans. Amazing creatures live here and there is practically no light. However, this is famous place, which is still not fully understood and is fraught with many unsolved mysteries.
Diving into the Mariana Trench is suicide. After all, the water pressure here is thousands of times higher than the pressure at sea level. The maximum depth of the world's oceans is approximately 10,994 meters with an error of 40 meters. However, there are daredevils who descended to the very bottom, risking their own lives. Of course, this was not done without modern technology.
Where is the deepest place in the world's oceans
The Mariana Trench is located in the region, or more precisely, in its western part, closer to the east, near Guam, about 200 kilometers from The deepest place in the world's oceans is shaped like a crescent-shaped trench. The depression is approximately 69 kilometers wide and 2550 kilometers long.
Coordinates of the Mariana Trench: longitude east - 142 ° 35 ', north latitude - 11 ° 22'.
Bottom temperature
Scientists have suggested that on maximum depth the temperature must be very low. However, they were very surprised by the fact that at the bottom of the Mariana Trench this indicator remains above zero and is 1 - 4 ° С. Soon an explanation was found for this phenomenon.
Hydrothermal vents are located approximately 1,600 meters below the surface of the water. They are also called "white smokers". Very hot water jets come out of the springs. Its temperature is 450 ° Celsius.
It should be noted that this water contains a huge amount of minerals. It is these chemical elements that support life at great depths. Despite such a high temperature, which is several times higher than the boiling point, the water does not boil here. And this is due to the rather high pressure. At such a depth, this figure is 155 times higher than that on the surface.
As you can see, the deepest places in the world's oceans are not so simple. There are still many secrets hidden in them that need to be solved.
Who dwells so deep
Many people think that the deepest place in the world's oceans is an abyss where life cannot exist. However, this is not the case. At the very bottom of the Mariana Trench, scientists have discovered very large amoebas called xenophyophores. Their body length is 10 centimeters. These are very large unicellular organisms.
Scientists suggest that this type of amoeba acquired such size due to the environment in which they have to exist. It is worth noting that these single-celled creatures were found at a depth of 10.6 kilometers. Many factors influenced their development. This is the lack of sunlight, and a fairly high pressure, and, of course, cold water.
In addition, xenophyophores have simply unique abilities. Amoebas perfectly tolerate the effects of many chemicals and elements, including lead, mercury and uranium.
Molluscs
There is very high pressure at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. In such conditions, there is no chance of survival even for creatures with bones or shells. However, not so long ago, shellfish were found in the Mariana Trench. They live near hydrothermal springs, because serpentine contains methane and hydrogen. These substances allow a living organism to fully form.
It is still not known how molluscs manage to preserve their shells in such conditions. In addition, hydrothermal vents release another gas - hydrogen sulfide. And he, as you know, is fatal to any shellfish.
Liquid carbon dioxide in its pure form
The Mariana Trench is the deepest place in the world's oceans, as well as wonderful world with many unexplained phenomena. There are hydrothermal vents located near Taiwan, outside the Okinawa Trench. This is the only underwater area known in this moment where liquid carbon dioxide is present. This place was discovered back in 2005.
Many scientists believe that it was these sources that allowed life to originate in the Mariana Trench. After all, here not only the optimal temperature, but also chemicals are present.
Finally
The deepest places of the world's oceans simply amaze with the extraordinary nature of their world. Here you can find living organisms that perfectly feel in complete darkness and under high pressure and cannot exist in another environment.
It should be noted that the Mariana Trench has the status national monument USA. This marine reserve is the largest in the world. Of course, for those who want to visit here, there is a certain list of rules. In this place, it is strictly forbidden to extract minerals, as well as fish.
