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Illinois is a state in the Midwestern United States. Area - 140,998 km². Population - 12,910,409 people (2009), this is the fifth most populous state. The capital is the city of Springfield, the largest city is Chicago; other major cities: Aurora, Rockford, Joliet.

The official nickname of the state is "Land of Lincoln" (Eng. Land of Lincoln), as well as "Prairie State" (Eng. Prairie State). The official motto is State sovereignty, national union. in American dialect of English language"Illinois" is pronounced in the French manner - without the last sound "s"

Year of formation: 1818 (21st in order)
State Slogan: State Independence, National Union
Formal title: State of Illinois
Most Big city state: Chicago
State capital: Springfield
Population: more than 13 million people (5th place in the country).
Area: 141 thousand sq. km. (25th in the country).
More big cities in state: Aurora, Rockford, Jolit, Danville, Belleville.

The lands of the future state were first surveyed in 1673 by two Frenchmen - the Jesuit missionary Jacques Marquette and the explorer Louis Jollier, in 1680 the Illinois River was surveyed by La Salle.

The French dominated here until 1763, when the French colonies in North America were conquered by England. The British, like the French, did not leave a noticeable mark in the history of the region. In 1778, during the Revolutionary War, the British were expelled from these places by militia under the command of J. R. Clark, and the territory became part of Virginia.

In 1787, Illinois was divided into counties and made official by the Ordinance of the Northwest, and in 1809 the Illinois Territory was created and mass settlement began.

In 1818, Illinois received statehood (21st in a row). It was one of five states that formed out of the Northwest Territory. The first constitution was adopted in 1818, followed by 1848, 1870 and 1970.

In the 1830s, the construction of canals and railways began. In 1832, bloody clashes took place between the settlers and the Indians, which went down in history as the Black Hawk War.

In 1844, the Mormons were expelled from the state.

Since 1850, Illinois has been a leader in every sector of the nation's economy. During the period civil war the state supported its native President Lincoln, sent 250,000 men to the Union Army, and became the chief supplier of grain and meat to northerners.

In 1871, the state experienced the devastating Chicago fire.

By 1880, Illinois had the 4th largest population and received several waves of European immigration. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the state became the scene of a powerful development of trade union, labor, strike movements and serious class conflicts. As a result, by the end of the century, the working people achieved the reform of industrial inspection and the recognition of trade unions, by 1903 - the introduction of an 8-hour working day and the limitation of the working week of adolescents to 48 hours, and in 1909 a 10-hour working day was introduced for women. The economic and social growth of the state continued during both world wars.

The post-war period saw the modernization of industry and agriculture, the rapid growth of the population. At present, the process of formation of large farms continues, a change in the ethnic composition major cities at the expense of minorities, the position of the state as one of the most important trade and financial centers of the country is being strengthened.

Geography and climate of Illinois

The state is located on the Central Plains, and 60% of its territory is occupied by prairies, the rest is occupied by hills. It borders Wisconsin to the north, Lake Michigan to the northeast, Indiana to the east and southeast, Kentucky to the south, Iowa and Missouri to the west. southern border runs along the Ohio River, western and southwestern - along the Mississippi River. Much of the southern stretch of the Indiana border runs along the Wabash River.

The state has more than 500 rivers (the largest is Illinois, connected by a navigable canal to Lake Michigan) and 950 lakes.

Moderate continental climate.

The state is rich in minerals, including coal, oil, natural gas, zinc, and sandstone.

Economy of Illinois

The GDP of Illinois is $654.4 billion - 5th in the US (August 2011), which is comparable to the GDP of a country like the Netherlands.

Industry with the main center in the Chicago area since the beginning of the 20th century allows the state to occupy one of the first places in industrial development in the country; among the leading industries today are oil refining, mechanical engineering, the food industry, the production of electrical equipment, and the chemical industry.

Historically, the most important role was played by the manufacturing industry - meat processing, wood processing, food.

Large farms are developed (corn, soybeans, wheat, cattle breeding, pig breeding); since the end of the 19th century, the state has been the initiator of many innovations in agriculture.

Fishing is developed in inland waters (carp, catfish, etc.).

A significant place in the economy is occupied by tourism and the service sector.

Illinois is the country's leading multi-industry transportation center. Chicago has one of the largest airports in the world. The state's largest city is also the most important railroad hub in the United States.

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State motto

State nickname

Capital

The largest city

Big cities

Population

Square

Height above sea level

Adoption of statehood

Governor

Lieutenant Governor

Legislature

Senators

Timezone

Reduction

Official site

Media files at Wikimedia Commons

Illinois(IPA: Illinois, [ˌɪlɨˈnɔɪ]) is a state in the Midwest. It is in 25th place in terms of area - 149,998 km², and in fifth place in terms of population, which, according to the US Census Bureau for 2011, is 12,869,257 people. The state capital is Springfield, the largest city is, other large cities are Aurora,.

The state has a broad economic base: industrial enterprises are concentrated in the northeast and small cities, agricultural enterprises are concentrated in the central part, and the south is rich natural resources, including coal, timber, oil, etc. Illinois is the main transport hub of the United States. Through the St. Lawrence Seaway, the Port of Chicago is connected to other major ports on the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean, and through the Illinois River it has access to the Mississippi River. international Airport O'Hare in Chicago has been ranked the busiest airport in the world for decades, year after year. The state of Illinois also has a high reputation in the social sphere, culture and politics.

The official nickname of the state is "Land of Lincoln" (Eng. Land of Lincoln), as well as "Prairie State" (Eng. Prairie State). The official motto is "State Sovereignty, Nation Unity" State sovereignty, national union).

Story

Main article: History of Illinois

Illinois in 1718, approximate area in light color

The lands of the future state were first surveyed in 1673 by two Frenchmen - the Jesuit missionary Jacques Marquette and the explorer Louis Jollier, in 1680 the Illinois River was surveyed by Cavelier de La Salle. As a result, these territories became part of where they were until 1763, when the French colonies were conquered by England. The British, like the French, did not leave a noticeable mark in the history of the region. In 1778, during the War of Independence, the British were expelled from these places by militia under the command of George Clark, and the territory became part of. In 1783, this region was ceded to the new United States and became part of the Northwest Territory.

On December 3, 1818, Illinois became the 21st state of the United States. It was one of five states that formed out of the Northwest Territory. The first settlements began to appear in southern Illinois, and then quickly spread northward, displacing the natives. The first state constitution was adopted in 1818, followed by subsequent ones in 1848, 1870 and 1970.

Initially, the state capital was located in Kaskaskia - the capital of the former territory of Illinois. In 1819 she was moved to Vandalia, where she remained for 18 years. During this time, the state capitol was moved three times to different buildings. In 1837, legislators representing Sangamon County, under the leadership of Abraham Lincoln, moved the capital to Springfield.

In 1839, members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, whose followers are known as Mormons, founded a settlement that became known as Nauvoo. The city, located along the Mississippi River, rapidly grew to 12 thousand inhabitants and even competed for some time for the title of the largest in Illinois. By the early 1840s, the church erected in Nauvoo had become one of the largest buildings in the state at that time. In 1844, Latter-day Saint founder Joseph Smith Jr. was assassinated near Carthage, despite being protected by the Illinois judiciary and personally guaranteed by Governor Thomas Ford. In 1846, the Mormons, under the leadership of Brigham Young, left Illinois for what is now the state, which was then a territory.

During the Civil War, more than 250,000 men from Illinois served in the Union Army, and the state was also a major supplier of grain and meat to northerners. Beginning with the first draft from President Abraham Lincoln and throughout the war, the state of Illinois organized 150 infantry regiments, which were numbered from 7 IL to 156 IL. 17 cavalry regiments were raised, as well as two light artillery regiments.

By 1880, Illinois had the 4th largest population and received several waves of European immigration. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the state became the scene of a powerful development of trade union, labor, strike movements and serious class conflicts.

Illinois, like no other state, has contributed to the development of nuclear technology. As part of the Manhattan Project at the University of Chicago in 1942, the first sustainable nuclear chain reactions were achieved (Chicago Woodpile-1). Argonne National Laboratory was founded in 1946. By 1960, the first privately funded nuclear power plant, Dresden-1, was built near the city of Morris. In 1967, Fermilab, the national nuclear research center, launched the particle accelerator, which for 40 years was the largest in the world.

At present, the process of formation of large farms continues, the change in the ethnic composition of large cities at the expense of minorities, the position of the state as one of the most important trade and financial centers of the country is being strengthened.

Geography and climate

The state is located on the Central Plains, and 60% of its territory is occupied by prairies, the rest is occupied by hills. The total area is 149,998 km² (25th out of 50 states), the water surface area is 6020 km², most of it is occupied by Lake Michigan.

The most high point- Charles Mound is located at an altitude of 376 m above sea level. The largest county by area is McLean.

It borders the state in the north, is bounded by Lake Michigan in the northeast, borders the state in the east and southeast, c in the south, c and in the west. The southern border runs along the Ohio River, the western and southwestern - along the Mississippi River. A significant part of the southern section of the border runs along the Wabash River.

The state has more than 500 rivers (the largest is Illinois, connected by a navigable canal to Lake Michigan) and 950 lakes.

Illinois is rich in minerals, including coal, oil, natural gas, zinc, and sandstone.

Climate

The Tri-State Tornado on March 18, 1925 destroyed a school in Murphysboro, killing 17 students.

The distance between the extreme points in the south and north of the state is almost 650 km, due to this, the climate of Illinois at different latitudes can differ markedly. Most of the state is located in the zone of humid continental climate (designation Dfa according to the Köppen climate classification) with hot, wet summer and cold winter. The southernmost part of the state, roughly from Carbondale and south, is in the humid subtropical climate zone ( cfa), characterized by more moderate winters. The average annual rainfall varies from 1219 mm in the south of the state to 889 mm in the north. The highest temperature on record was recorded on July 14, 1954 in East St. Louis, where it reached 47 °C (117 °F), and the lowest temperature recorded on January 5, 1999, in Congerville, reached -38 °C (-36 °F).

On average, Illinois has about 50 thunderstorm days per year, slightly above the national average. The state is also vulnerable to tornadoes, which hit about 35 annually. While tornadoes in Illinois do not outperform tornadoes in other states in Tornado Alley, their fatality rates have always been significantly higher, due to its high population density. So, during one of the strongest tornadoes in US history “The Tri-State Tornado”, which happened on March 18, 1925, 695 people died in three states, 613 of them in Illinois. Since the 1960s modern methods and storm warning and tracking tools have dramatically reduced the number of casualties.

Population

State population density

According to the US Census Bureau, the state's population as of July 1, 2011 was 12,869,257, up 0.30% from the 2010 Census. Illinois is the most populous state in the Midwest, and 65% of its inhabitants are concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, which occupies only 8% of the state. The rest of the population lives in small towns and rural areas. On the shores of Lake Michigan is the largest city in Illinois and the third most populous in the United States - home to 2,695,598 people.

According to the 2010 census, 1,759,859 residents or 13.7% of the state's population were born outside the country, of which 47.9% were from Latin America, 26.5% of , 22.1% of , 2.5% of , 0.9% of and 0.2% of . Among residents of foreign origin, 43.7% had US citizenship. The racial makeup was as follows: 63.7% White, 14.5% African American, 15.8% Hispanic, 4.6% Asian, 0.3% Native American and Native American. 6.9% of the population were under the age of 5, 24.4% were under 18, and 12.5% ​​were 65 years of age or older. Women made up approximately 51.0% of the population of Illinois.

By origin, 21.1% of the population had German roots, 13.3% - Irish, 7.9% - Polish, 6.7% - English, 6.4% - Italian, 2.4% - Swedish, 2.2% - French, 1.6% - Dutch, 1.4% - Norwegian and 1.3% - Scottish. There are 126,227 Russians in Illinois, or approximately 0.98% of the total population.

Religion

Catholics are the largest denomination in Illinois, accounting for about 30% of the population. Mostly concentrated in and around. In 2000, the number of Catholics in Illinois reached 3,874,933 people, followed by followers of the largest Protestant denominations - the United Methodist Church with 365,182 members and the Southern Baptist Convention, which included 305,838 members. The Jews constituted the largest non-Christian group, numbering over 270,000. In addition, other religious groups are rapidly growing in the Chicago metropolitan area: Hindus, Muslims, Baha'is and Sikhs.

The state played an important role in the development of the Latter Day Saint movement: the city of Nauvoo was a gathering place for Mormons in the early 1840s. It was here that the so-called Successor Crisis occurred, which led to a split in the movement and its division into sects. The largest breakaway sect from the Mormons was The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, with over 55,000 followers in the state today.

Largest cities

Economy

Chicago Board of Trade building (2011)

As of August 2011, the GDP of the state of Illinois is $ 654.4 billion - 5th in the United States, which is comparable to the GDP of a country such as.

The unemployment rate in February 2012 was 9.1%, a year earlier it was 9.3%.

Caterpillar Corporation Headquarters in Peoria, Illinois (1973)

In Illinois, income tax is calculated by multiplying net income by a flat rate. Since 1990, the interest rate has been set at 3%, but in 2010 the General Assembly voted for a temporary increase to 5%. The new bill entered into force on January 1, 2011, and upon expiration four years planned to be reduced to the previous level. For sales tax in the state, there are two rates: on medicines, medical equipment and healthy high-quality food products - 1%, on other products - 6.25%. The main source of tax revenue is the property tax, which is imposed only on real estate.

Industry with the main center in the region since the beginning of the 20th century allows the state to occupy one of the first places in industrial development in the country; among the leading industries today are oil refining, mechanical engineering, the food industry, the production of electrical equipment, and the chemical industry.

Historically, the most important role was played by the manufacturing industry - meat processing, wood processing, food. Large farms are developed (corn, soybeans, wheat, cattle breeding, pig breeding); since the end of the 19th century, the state has been the initiator of many innovations in agriculture. Fishing is developed in inland waters (carp, catfish, etc.). In addition, a prominent place in the economy is occupied by tourism and the service sector.

Illinois is the country's leading multi-industry transportation center. Chicago has one of the largest airports in the world. The state's largest city is also the most important railroad hub in the United States.

coal industry

The Illinois coal industry dates back to the mid-19th century, when state entrepreneurs discovered coal deposits in Sangamon County. A significant contribution to the development of the coal industry was made by Jacob Bunn, who founded the coal mining company Western Coal & Mining Company. About 68% of the state is occupied by coal seams of the Pennsylvania subsystem of the Carboniferous period. According to the Illinois State Geological Survey, hard coal reserves are estimated at 211 billion tons, which is higher in terms of calorific value than the reserves of all oil fields in the Arabian Peninsula. Due to the high sulfur content in coal, after its combustion, precipitation in the form of acid rain may fall; to prevent it, special equipment is used to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide SO 2 . However, many of the state's power plants are not provided with such equipment. In 1999, Illinois produced 40.4 million tons of coal, of which 17 million tons (42%) were consumed in the state itself, the rest was exported domestically.

Oil industry

Byron Nuclear Power Plant in Ogle County

Illinois is the leading oil refiner in the Midwest, moving more than 900,000 barrels (140,000 m³) of crude oil through its refineries daily. However, the state's proven reserves account for less than 1% of US light oil reserves. In 2009, this figure was at around 66 million barrels or 0.3%. In terms of oil production, Illinois ranks 14th (about 28 thousand barrels per day). The raw material for heating buildings is 81% natural gas.

Nuclear energy

This branch of energy actually originated in the state of Illinois, since it was here that the first nuclear reactor called Chicago Woodpile-1 was built, located on the campus of the University of Chicago. Today, the state has six nuclear power plants. Each of them has two operating reactors, with the exception of the Clinton nuclear power plant, which has one power unit. And also three nuclear reactors have already been decommissioned: Dresden-1, Zion-1 and Zion-2. As of 2008, Illinois ranked first among the 50 US states in terms of nuclear potential, and the share of nuclear energy was 47.7%.

Major companies

As of 2013, the following largest companies were based in the state (assets, billion dollars):

• Allstate (Northbrook) - 126.9
• Northern Trust (Chicago) - 97.5
• Caterpillar (Peoria) - 89.4
• Boeing (Chicago) - 88.9
• Exelon (Chicago) - 78.6
• Mondelēz International (Deerfield) - 75.5
• Discover Financial Services (Riverwoods) - 75.3
• Abbott Laboratories (Abbott Park) - 67.2
• Deere & Company (Moline) - 55.2
• Archer Daniels Midland (Decatur) - 45.1
• CME Group (Chicago) - 38.9
• United Continental Holdings (Chicago) - 37.6
• Walgreens (Deerfield) - 35.6
• McDonald's (Oak Brook) - 35.4
• General Growth Properties (Chicago) - 27.3
• AbbVie (North Chicago) - 27.0
• Kraft Foods (Northfield) - 23.3
• Baxter International (Deerfield) - 20.4

Politics

US President Barack Obama, former Senator from Illinois

The state has always had a great influence on political life in general. If in the 19th century the influence of the Republicans prevailed here, then in the 20th century both political parties play an important role in politics. Illinois has long maintained a balance between Republicans and Democrats, only slightly deviating in one direction or another. After the 2004 presidential election, the preponderance was on the side of the Democratic Party, mainly due to. While the state's largest city and most of Cook County traditionally vote Democratic, the Chicago suburbs have long been a Republican stronghold.

U.S. state presidents

Three US presidents have chosen the state of Illinois as their political base: Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses Grant and. Lincoln was born in , but at the age of 21 he moved to Illinois, before being elected president, he represented the seventh congressional district in the House of Representatives. Born in the state and having a brilliant military career, Ulysses Grant moved to Illinois near middle age and, as a presidential candidate, called it home. Barack Obama was born and raised on, and after graduating from law school he moved to Illinois.

Only one US President was a native of the state - Ronald Reagan. He was born in the village of Tampico and grew up in the city of Dixon. Later, Reagan moved to, was the governor of California before being elected president.

Previously served as United States Senator from Illinois. In 2008, he was elected the 44th and first African-American president of the United States, and Congressman Rahm Emanuel was named his chief of staff. It is noteworthy that after the adoption of the US Constitution in 1787, only six members of the US Senate were African Americans, and three of them represented the state of Illinois.

culture

Kitchen

"Deep" Chicago pizza with tomato sauce and cheese

Illinois cuisine does not differ significantly from Midwestern American cuisine, which has been heavily influenced by Italian cuisine. However, a number of dishes are peculiar to this particular state.

Chicago style hot dog from Hot Doug's

Many of today's popular recipes have appeared in restaurants, such as Shrimp De Jonge and Chicken Vesuvius. Shrimp De Jonge is a casserole of peeled shrimp drenched in garlic sauce and sprinkled with breadcrumbs based on sherry yeast, served as a main course or appetizer. Its recipe appeared in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the DeJonghe restaurant, owned by immigrants, the Yonge brothers, who came to work for world exhibition. The Italian Vesuvius Chicken dish is made with bone-in chicken meat with slices of fried potatoes, the chicken is fried with garlic, oregano, white wine and olive oil, and then baked until crispy, the finished dish is sprinkled with green peas. This recipe is believed to have originated from Vesuvio Restaurant, a popular 1930s restaurant located in downtown Chicago on Wacker Drive.

Chicago-style pizza and hot dog recipes are popular in Illinois. The base of the Chicago hot dog is a beef sausage wrapped in a poppy seed bun and stuffed with yellow mustard, chopped white onion, pickled green sauce, dill stalks, sliced ​​tomato and pickle, pickled chili and finely chopped celery. Chicago pizza, as a rule, is cooked in a deep bowl, has a crust in a circle up to 5-7 cm and is more like a pie in its thickness, seasoned with a lot of cheese and tomato sauce, in some variations it is stuffed with cheese.

Another common dish in Illinois is Italian beef, which is a sandwich stuffed with roast beef slices, green peppers and Italian pickles drenched in sauce. In addition, the state's community has come up with its own recipe for a sandwich called the Hibarito, which uses fried green bananas seasoned with garlic and mayonnaise instead of a bread roll, and the filling includes meat, cheese, lettuce, and tomatoes.

Prominent residents and natives

Many personalities known not only in but also in the world were born, raised or worked in Illinois. They had a significant impact on the development of politics, economy, science, culture and society of the state and the whole country. Among them:

* Edward Louis Severson III - musician, leader, vocalist and guitarist of Pearl Jam

• Abraham Lincoln is the 16th President of the United States, the liberator of American slaves and the national hero of the American people.
• - 44th President of the United States. Winner of the Nobel Peace Prize 2009. United States Senator from Illinois until 2008.
• Ben Hecht is one of the most successful and in-demand screenwriters in classic Hollywood history.
• Jane Addams was an American sociologist and philosopher who won the 1931 Nobel Peace Prize.
• Derrick Rose is the star of the National Basketball Association. In 2011, he received the league's Most Valuable Player award, thereby becoming the youngest player to ever receive this award.
• Jackie Joyner-Kersee is a famous American track and field athlete who specialized in the long jump, heptathlon and sprint, multiple Olympic champion and world champion.
• Jennifer Morrison is an American actress, model, and producer.
• Joseph Medill - American media mogul, publisher, politician, mayor of Chicago from 1871-1873.
• Joseph Smith is an American religious figure, founder and first president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
• John Bardeen is an American physicist and the only person to win two Nobel Prizes in Physics.
• John Dewey is an American philosopher and educator, a representative of the philosophical direction of pragmatism.
• George Mortimer Pullman was an American inventor and industrialist, the founder of the Pullman company, which was engaged in the construction of railroad cars.
• Daniel Hudson Burnham is an American architect and urban planner.
• Louis Armstrong is an American jazz trumpeter, vocalist and bandleader.
• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe is a German modernist architect, a leading representative of the "international style", one of the artists who determined the appearance of urban architecture in the 20th century.
• René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle - French explorer North America, the first European to sail along the Mississippi River and declare its entire basin to be the possession of the French king.
• Richard Michael Daly - 54th mayor of Chicago from 1989-2011.
• Robert McCormick is a Chicago media mogul and owner of the Chicago Tribune.
• Robert Todd Lincoln is an American lawyer and Secretary of War. First son of Abraham Lincoln.
• Ronald Reagan is the 40th President of the United States.
• Ray Bradbury is an American writer best known for the dystopia Fahrenheit 451 and The Martian Chronicles.
• Theodore Dreiser is an American writer and social activist.
• William Butler Ogden - the first mayor of Chicago in 1837-1838.
• William Bradford Shockley is an English-born American physicist who won the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics.
• Ulysses Grant - American political and military leader, northerners commander during the American Civil War, Army General, 18th President of the United States.
• Franklin William Knox - American newspaper editor and publisher, Secretary of the United States Navy.
• Frank Lloyd Wright is an American pioneering architect. He had a huge impact on the development of Western architecture in the first half of the 20th century.
• Charles Tyson Yerkes is an American financier who played a significant role in the development of the public transportation system in Chicago and.
• Adlai Stevenson I - American politician and 23rd Vice President of the United States from 1893 to 1897
• Adlai Stevenson II - US lawyer and politician.
• Phillip Jack Brooks is an MMA UFC wrestler and famous WWE promotion wrestler.
• Enrico Fermi is an outstanding Italian physicist who made a great contribution to the development of modern theoretical and experimental physics, one of the founders of quantum physics.
• John Belushi is an Albanian-American comedian.
• William Holden is an American actor and Oscar winner for leading role in the film POW Camp No. 17 (1953).

see also

• Illinois coalfield
• Illinois State Police

Notes

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Links

• Illinois official website
• Illinois official tourism website
• Illinois at the Open Directory Project (dmoz) Link Directory
• Illinois State Tourism Bureau

Travel organization| Day 1 | Day 2 | Transport in Vienna | How to get from the airport| Excursions| Viennese coffee

In this article I will tell you how you can organize your own excursions in Vienna, saving a lot of money and getting a lot of positive impressions.

Vienna has been accepting tourists for a long time and probably loves it. Therefore, everything here is done for you and me, the main thing is to find everything in time and use it for its intended purpose.

So, here are two excursions that will be free for you if you buy a public transport pass.

1. Free sightseeing tour of Vienna, along the local Boulevard Ring, called the Ring, against the sightseeing tram for 9 euros per person.
2. Free guided tour of Vienna's main attractions against the Hop on hop off tour bus for €20 per day.

Free sightseeing tour of the Ring in Vienna

Surely at a public transport stop you will notice a bright yellow tram, which is very different from its neighboring counterparts. This is not a simple tram, but a sightseeing tram called Vienna Tram Ring.

The tram moves along the Ring, offering tourists an overview of Vienna, namely with 13 of its attractions.

The ring is an analogue of our Garden Ring only in the shape of a horseshoe. The ring runs around the very center of the city and closes on the embankment.

Everything would be fine, but the fare on it is paid, tickets for public transport in Vienna do not apply to it.

Prices for the sightseeing tram:

24 hour combined ticket: 14 Euro (allows you to ride the tram and all public transport in Vienna during the day)

24 hour ticket: 9 Euro

24 hour ticket: 5 Euros ( for children from 6 to 15 years old)

1 trip around the Ring (30 minutes): 7 Euro

1 trip around the Ring (30 minutes) child: 4 Euro (for children from 6 to 15 years old)

You can buy a ticket for the sightseeing tram online here here . Or you can buy a ticket on the tram.

During the trip, you can use the audio guide in Russian free of charge.

Download a booklet in Russian about the tram.

Tram Ring

Well, where is free tour you ask? Everything is simple. Exactly on the same route as the sightseeing tram, the most common tram No. 1 and No. 2 runs. So, you can print out a map with the sights of the Ring from the booklet and visit them all for free.

The stop is located near the metro Oper (lines U1, U2, U4) (and others too, see the map)

For example, on our first visit to Vienna, we simply made a lap of honor in order to see Vienna from a panoramic view.

Free tour of the main sights of Vienna or tour bus route Hop on hop off Vienna Sightseeing Tours by public transport

Prices for a double-decker sightseeing bus in Vienna Vienna Sightseeing Tours

1 hour trip: 13 euros for adults, 7 euros for children

2 hour trip: 16 euros for adults, 7 euros for children

1 day: 20 euros for adults, 7 euros for children

2 days: 27 euros for adults, 7 for children

During the trip, an audio guide in Russian will be available to you. But, believe me, he tells little and very superficially. It is better to read a good guide.

The start of the sightseeing bus is from the metro station Oper (lines U1, U2, U4), but you can get on at any stop. The driver will gladly sell the ticket.

Here are the bus routes Vienna Sightseeing Tours.

viennasightseeing route

Well, let's figure out how to drive all three routes by public transport.

Red route called Ring (Ring) by public transport

Stop #1: State Opera

You need to get to the metro station Oper (lines U1, U2, U4). Here you will see the beautiful Opera House and you can walk around.

Stop #2: Heroes Square

Get off the subway and go 1 stop to the Volksheater station (lines U2, U3), or take tram number 1 or D.

Stop #3: University

On the U2 line, you need to pass one more stop to the metro station Schottentor Universitat, or by tram number 1.

Stop 4: Schwedenplatz.

You can get there by the same tram number 1 or to the Schwedenplatz metro station (lines U1, U4).

Stop #5: St. Stephen's Cathedral

You need to travel one stop on the metro to the Stephanplatz station (lines U1, U3).

Stop #6: Hilton Hotel

By metro to Landstrasse station (lines U3, U4).

Stop 7: Kursalon

On the U4 line, we drive one stop to the Standtpark station.

Stop #8: State Opera

We return to the starting point of the route by tram number 2.

This way you can easily drive through all the sights. You do not have to follow the bus schedule, stand in line.

To be continued, soon I will post a description of the blue and green routes.

Prices, reviews and booking of hotels in Austria

Search for cheap flights to Austria

Vienna is one of the most beautiful European cities. Magnificent mansions and palaces, green parks, cozy cafes, national dishes, opera, shopping - everyone will find something for themselves here. In addition, Vienna is a very convenient city for independent travel, as the tourist infrastructure is well established here. We tell you how to organize a trip to Vienna on your own, what to consider when planning a trip, and how to get the most out of your visit to Vienna!

Visa to Austria

You need a Schengen visa to visit Vienna. For tourist trips in Austria, as a rule, a category C visa is issued - for tourism, transit through Austria, for other short-term visits.

To obtain a visa, you must collect Required documents, pay a consular fee (35 euros), and if a visa is issued through an official visa center (which is very convenient), then also a service fee. The list of relevant documents and the amount of fees should be specified on the website of the embassy or official visa center. There you can also download the application form to fill out and sign up for the submission of documents.

Official visa centers work in Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Ufa, Khabarovsk, Vladivostok, Omsk, Saratov, Murmansk, Novosibirsk, Rostov-on-Don, Kazan, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Krasnodar, Kaliningrad, Perm.

How to get to Vienna

There are several ways to get to Vienna on your own. Choose the most convenient and suitable for you:

Airplane

It's fast (2.20-3 hours from Moscow) and sometimes quite cheap (it's worth keeping an eye on the discounts offered by various airlines). The plane arrives at Schwechat Airport, the largest in Austria, from where the center of Vienna can be reached in 20 minutes.

Check the availability of flights for the dates you need:

Train

Much less fast, but quite comfortable mode of transport. Trains run from Moscow to Nice and Prague, which will take travelers to Vienna in an average of 1 day and 4 hours. The cost of tickets in this case is much higher than on an airplane, because it is more difficult to “catch” discounts or sales here. A train arrives at the Vienna Central Train Station(Wien Hauptbahnhof).

If you are traveling not only to Vienna, but also to other cities in Europe, then using the train is even more convenient - there is a railway connection between European countries well developed. For example, Vienna is easily accessible by train from Prague, Budapest, Bratislava.

Check the timetable and cost of train tickets to Vienna:

Bus

You can also get to Vienna by bus! True, this is not the most convenient option, since such a trip lasts about two days and usually requires a transfer, although the buses are very comfortable. For example, Ecolines buses run from Moscow, which will take you to Vienna in 48.5 hours and about 6,000 rubles (one way), with a change in Riga.

When traveling by bus, you can combine movements - for example, get to a certain point on the map, and then transfer to an electric train or train and move on.

To Vienna by car

Everything is clear with this point - sit down and drive using the tips of the GPS navigator. But do not forget to prepare the necessary documents, which include a visa and a Green Card (insurance) covering Austria. In addition, in this country it is necessary to have a reflective vest in the car - you cannot leave the passenger compartment on the highway without it.

If you are not ready to take a private car on a trip to Europe, you can rent a car. You can do this immediately upon arrival in Vienna, at the airport. This makes sense if you plan to explore the surroundings and actively travel by car in Austria and, possibly, neighboring countries. If your goal is only Vienna, it is better to explore it on foot.

You can view car rental options in Austria.

Where to stay in Vienna

The Austrian capital is a rather expensive city to live in. Especially if you want to live in the very center. A little further from the center - in the second and third districts, a little cheaper, and the third district borders on the twenty-second - a sleeping area, where housing is even cheaper.

When choosing an area, it is worth considering how you will get to the main attractions. If time permits, and you are ready to actively use transport, you can save money by choosing a hotel away from historical center. If you come to Vienna for a short time, look for places within walking distance from the main "interesting places" - in this case, you will not waste precious time on trips.

A visit to Vienna is often combined with trips to neighboring cities (Budapest, Prague, Bratislava, etc.) If you have planned difficult route in Europe, we advise you to check in advance which train station (or metro / bus station) in Vienna you will arrive at and from which station you will leave for your next destination. In some cases, it is very convenient to stop close to this station so as not to waste extra time and money in transport.

Vienna hotels on the map

Transport in Vienna

The Austrian capital has one of the most convenient transport systems in the world. You can travel around the city by metro, buses, trams, as well as the S-Bahn city train.

Public transport hours are from 5 am to midnight. But even at night there are special night buses with the letter N in the designation. They run from 0.30 to 5 in the morning on the main routes.

How to get to Vienna from the airport on your own

This is an important question, especially for inexperienced tourist. But the transport system in Vienna is well established - there are several convenient ways. Choose the most suitable for you!

electric trainCity-AirportTrain (CAT)

Bus Vienna Airport Lines

It costs €8 (return ticket - €13). Buses depart from the arrivals terminal and follow several routes. The bus takes you to various destinations, including the Town Hall, Westbanhof train station, Schwedenplatz station and many more places.

You can check the schedule and buy a ticket.

City rail (S-Bahn)

City train, the most budget transfer from Vienna Airport, the ticket will cost only €3.90. From the airport, the S7 train takes you to the city center, Landstrasse/Wien Mitte station in 25 minutes, or the RJ line takes you to Central Station(Wien Hauptbahnhof).

You can check the schedule and buy a ticket online on the official website (the service is available in English or German).

Shuttle from the airport to Vienna

Another convenient option to arrange a trip from the airport to your hotel in Vienna is to book a bus shuttle through (from €16). Solo travelers(especially not very experienced) it is convenient for several reasons:

• you can book a trip in advance, even before the trip;
• booking is available in Russian;
• the bus will take you directly to the hotel, and not to a public transport stop.

Getting to Vienna by Taxi

The most expensive way to get to Vienna on your own, but you have to pay for comfort. The trip from the airport to the center will cost about 40 euros. You can order a taxi in advance, on specialized sites, for example, on such as Red cab. In this case, you can save. At the same time, you should not worry that if your flight is late, there will be problems with the transfer - the service itself monitors your flight and delivers a taxi at the right time.

If you do not speak German or English, and do not want to deal with the intricacies of the transport system, and at the same time do not want to overpay taxi drivers waiting at the airport, you can order a transfer from the airport (or to the airport) through a special service. Booking is available in Russian.

How to move around the city

Public transport: metro (U– Bahn), buses (Autobus) and trams (Strassenbahn)

For the main (and most popular) types of public transport in Vienna, a single citywide ticket is valid. Depending on your goals, plans and intensity of travel, choose the best ticket option:

Disposable (Einzelfahrschein)- allows you to move only in one direction, but at the same time make transfers to other modes of transport (without interrupting the trip). The price is 16.20 euros.

Travel cards for 24, 48 or 72 hours (24 / 48 / 72 Stunden)- are valid for the specified time from the moment you first composted it. A ticket for a day costs 7.60 euros, for 48 hours - 13.30 euros, for 72 hours - 16.50 euros.

Day ticket (Wiener Einkaufskarte)- valid during the day, from 8 am to 8 pm, and only from Monday to Saturday. The price is 6.10 euros.

Weekly pass (Wochenkarte)- valid for a whole week, allowing you to use all types of public transport. But it is worth considering an important nuance: it is valid during the calendar week, that is, from Monday to Monday. And if, for example, you buy it on Thursday, you will only use it until Monday.

Ticket for 8 days (8-Tage-Karte)- allows you to use transport for 8 days (and not necessarily in a row).

Discount tickets

For children under 6 years old, public transport in Vienna is free. For children from 6 to 15 years old, as well as pensioners, there is a reduced ticket.

Traveling with the Vienna Card

Happy holders of the tourist card can freely use public transport during the validity period of the card (48 or 72 hours). Read more about the Vienna Card below.

Where to buy tickets

Tickets for public transport in Vienna can be purchased at special vending machines at metro stations, at tobacco kiosks "Tabak Trafik", as well as from the driver of the vehicle (but in this case it will cost more). The machines give change.

If you speak German or English, you can check the schedule, prices, route options on this site.

You can also buy tickets online there.

On a note

• Unlike many European cities, the metro in Vienna is very comfortable, clean and well maintained, so the trips will be quite comfortable. The metro system includes 5 lines and 109 stations.
• And the Vienna tram network is notable for being considered the longest in the world!
• The doors of buses and trams in Vienna do not open automatically - you must press the button next to the door to open it. In electric trains and in the subway, to open the door, you must sharply pull the door by the handle to the side (only after the train has completely stopped and a special signal).

Taxi in Vienna

The most expensive way to move around the city, but you always have to pay for comfort.

CarsCar2go

A good alternative to a taxi, the price of a trip on it, on average, is almost two times lower. A minute of travel is €0.31, an hour is €14.91. Parking lots are scattered throughout the city, where you can both leave the car and take it again. The location of parking lots, the availability of parking spaces and cars is tracked on the company's website or in the application.

Mobile applications

It is convenient for independent travelers in Vienna to call a taxi through specialized mobile applications, for example, Uber .

Bicycles

If you are visiting Vienna during the warmer months, you can also explore the city by bike. This will allow you to plunge into a comfortable Viennese everyday life, and not be tied to public transport. Plus, it's very European! Simply register and pick up one of the 110 bike rental stations. The first hour is free, the second is €1, the third is €2.

tourist transport

Hop on Hop off buses

Sightseeing bus in Vienna, which runs on six routes. it The best way make your impression of the city, at least its historical part. The bus makes stops where you can get off, see the sights, and then take the next one and continue on your way. Tourists are given headphones, you can turn on the audio guide, including in Russian. In the city center, the frequency of buses is 15-20 minutes. There are routes outside the city, in particular, summer, along the Green Line, to the wine-growing village of Grinzing, on the Kahlenberg hill, from where great view to Vienna and to the 900-year-old monastery of Klosterneuburg.

Vienna Ring Tram

Vienna ring tram. Walks along the Ringstrasse boulevard, which is considered one of the most beautiful in the world. This boulevard encircles the historic center of Vienna, and your road will pass by 13 of the most famous sights, including the Opera House, the City Hall, the Hofburg. There is an audio guide. This transport is interesting in itself - this is a real old Viennese tram, which is already far from a dozen years old.

Vienna attractions on your own

There are a lot of interesting places in Vienna - there are 27 castles alone, and another 150 palaces and more than a hundred museums! And how many simply beautiful houses, ancient churches, majestic monuments, beautiful squares!

Vienna is very different and multifaceted - magnificent, imperial, in the style of "golden modern", modern ... In order not to get lost in all the variety of sights, before independent trip it is worth deciding what exactly interests you the most and make a travel plan.

Our free will help you with this. You can pre-select interesting places, depending on your interests and preferences (use the "By category" filter in the "Places" section) and add them to your "Favorites". Don't forget to also say the free offline map of Vienna in advance, so you can easily navigate the city. We also advise you to listen in advance to start an independent acquaintance with the Austrian capital.

And while traveling, explore the city with the Travelry mobile guide that fits in your smartphone! In the free mode, you can easily find, view the sights of Vienna and learn basic information about them. The GPS guide will be able to determine your location (unless, of course, you yourself deny access to your geodata) and show where you are, what interesting places are nearby, and what is the distance to them.

If this is not enough for you and you want to explore Vienna with a personal guide, you can also download it in the app. We have prepared for you the best routes and fascinating stories so that your walks around the city are interesting and useful, and the trip turns into an exciting journey!

The Vienna mobile guide is currently only available for iPhone, but an Android version is in the works.

Tourist maps in Vienna

Like any popular tourist center Europe, Vienna has special tourist cards that allow you to save money on visiting some attractions if you plan to visit them actively. Such cards are convenient for tourists traveling on their own and planning a rich cultural program: the card can be used to get discounts on entry tickets or even completely free tickets, depending on the type of card, as well as the possibility of free travel on public transport in Vienna and a number of other privileges.

Vienna Card

The Vienna Card, or Vienna Card, is sold for 24, 48 or 72 hours. Allows you to visit 210 attractions with discounts (museums, cafes, restaurants and shops), entitles you to free travel on public transport, and if you purchase a Vienna City Card with Big Bus Vienna during the first day of your trip on Hop-On Hop-Off buses from Big Bus Tours will be free. It is better to buy a Vienna city card in advance by booking on the official website or through the Ticketbar service - this way you will get the opportunity to save money as soon as you arrive in Vienna.

Vienna Pass

Allows you to visit more than 60 of the city's best attractions for free, but also costs accordingly. Suitable for those who plan to actively visit museums. You can also use the Hop on Hop Off buses for free. Among the attractions included are the most popular tourist destinations such as the Schönbrunn Palace and Zoo, the Spanish Riding School, the Giant Ferris Wheel, Madame Tussauds and the Hofburg Palace. If you purchase the Travel Card option, you also get the opportunity to use public transport in the city for free. You can find out the details and purchase the card on the official website (information in Russian is not yet available there, unfortunately).

Things to do in Vienna on your own

listen to music

Vienna is called the musical capital of Europe. After all, this is the city of Mozart, Strauss, Haydn, Schubert and other composers! The Austrian capital is famous for its musical traditions. Why not attend a classical music concert!

Vienna Opera

To visit the capital of Austria and not hear the opera is unforgivable. Vienna Opera famous not only for its performances and luxurious interior, but also for its availability. Tickets are both expensive and cheap, standing. They cost € 3-4, you can buy them on the day of the performance.

There is an opportunity to see the performance for free under open sky right in front of the Vienna Opera, on Herbert von Karajan Square. Up to 80 such broadcasts are organized per season, including a New Year's performance on December 31.

By the way, you can see the Opera without visiting the performance. To do this, you need to get on the tour, which are held every day. The cost is about € 4 adult ticket.

Organ and classical music concerts

They are held in many churches and cathedrals of the city. The most famous are in St. Stephen's Cathedral, where Vivaldi's music sounds, and on December 5, on the day of Mozart's death, his Requiem. Also popular in this regard are the church of St. Charles (Karlskirche), the chapel in the Swiss court of the Hofburg (Burgkapella), where the choir of the Vienna Boys sings, the Maltese Church and a number of others. You can listen to the organ for free in the Augustinian church, or, as it is also called, the "church of hearts" - 54 hearts of representatives of the Habsburg dynasty are buried in silver bowls. You can find these and many other places in our (currently only available for iPhone and iPad).

Music museums

In addition to many musical venues, Vienna is famous for its music museums. Classical music fans can visit museums dedicated to Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Haydn. In addition, the Vienna House of Music is very popular - it is an interactive museum of a new format that allows you not only to view exhibits in the old fashioned way, but to travel around the world of music with the help of modern technologies. For example, you can try on the role of a composer or even virtually conduct the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. And of course, learn a lot of interesting things about the famous Viennese composers.

See equestrian ballet

Vienna Exclusive! Only here you can visit the training of horses of the unique Lipizzan breed and spectacular performances of “equestrian ballet” performed by snow-white and graceful Lipizzans.

You can check the schedule and purchase tickets for performances at the School box office or on its website.

Look into imperial luxury

For centuries, Vienna was the brilliant capital of the Austrian Empire, the stronghold of the powerful Habsburg dynasty. Of course, this could not but affect its architecture! To plunge into the imperial era, visit the luxurious palace and park complexes Schonnbrun and Gazebo(the latter houses the Austrian Gallery with a rich art collection). And in the heart of Vienna spread Hofburg The winter residence of the Habsburgs. We talk about it and its most interesting sights in the audio tours “ ” and “ “, available in the Travelry application (so far only for iPhone or iPad).

Walk around the Inner City and the Boulevard Ring

The Inner City (Innere Stadt) is the historical part of Vienna, which was once surrounded by walls. It was in this part that the city was born, the history of which goes back to ancient times. Walking around this area, you can look into a variety of eras. rich history cities: for example, on the High Market Square you can see the excavations of the ancient Roman military camp, and looking into the cozy Greek lane, looking at the ancient church of St. Rupert or the grand Cathedral of St. Stephen, remember the Middle Ages. Luxurious streets Graben, Kohlmarkt, Körtnerstrasse keep the memory of different periods of Vienna's history. And the magnificent palace complex Hofburg is a symbol of the imperial grandeur of Vienna and will take you to the era when the Austrian Empire was at the peak of its power. We will make all these places and these fascinating journeys through the epochs in the audio tour “!

The famous Ring street - Ringstrasse. It is not for nothing that it is called the most beautiful boulevard in the world! The street appeared on the site of the former fortress walls in the second half of the 19th century. At the same time, it was decorated with many beautiful buildings, including the Vienna Opera House, the Parliament, the majestic Vienna City Hall and many others. Rinstrasse is one of the symbols of Vienna, an elegant “showcase” of the city. On a walk with an audio guide “ ” you will not only be able to admire its appearance, but also learn many interesting stories and curious facts related to these places and buildings.

Visit museums in the MuseumsQuartier

The Museum Quarter of Vienna (Museumquartier, or simply MQ) is considered the world's largest museum complex in the world! On an area of ​​60,000 sq. meters there are many different museums and cultural venues, as well as restaurants, cafes and shops. It surprisingly combines baroque and modern postmodern architecture, ancient and modern art. The famous children's museum ZOOM, Leopold Museum , Museum of Art History, Modern Art Museum and many other exhibitions and exhibition complexes- there is something interesting here for every taste.

Almost all museums in Vienna are open every day. Some have one day off, usually Monday or Tuesday.

On the boulevard Ringstrasse, all possible architectural styles: the Hofburg imperial residence and the palaces of the "new aristocrats" of the 19th century, the "twin museums" - the history of art and natural history, the Parliament and City Hall, state...

Show full description

When ordering this tour, you will receive a voucher for an additional 10% discount on purchases at Designer Outlet Parndorf (30 minutes from Vienna) and Designer Outlet Salzburg (in Salzburg).

An interesting and informative tour of Vienna for connoisseurs. During this short trip you will see all the most important sights of the capital of Austria.

On the boulevard Ringstrasse, all possible architectural styles will parade in front of you: the Hofburg imperial residence and the palaces of the “new aristocrats” of the 19th century, the “twin museums” - the history of art and natural history, the Parliament and the City Hall, the state opera in Vienna, the imperial Burgtheater, as well as the baroque Karlskirche and the Vienna Secession - witnesses of the history and glory of the Danubian monarchy.

Next, the tour follows the embankment of the Danube Canal in Vienna, where one of the most original residential buildings in Europe lurks - the so-called Hundertwasserhaus, created by the Austrian artist and architectural dissident Friedensreich Hundertwasser. Away from the historic center lies the Prater park, dearly loved by all who live in Vienna, over the crowns of which for more than a hundred years the red trailers of the Riesenrad Ferris wheel have been floating, swaying and creaking with an old tree. The tour will continue on the northern bank of the Danube - albeit beautiful, but, alas, not at all blue. UNO-City lives its own dynamic life - with the headquarters of the UN and skyscrapers reflecting the waves of the Danube.

The last point of the tour route will be the former summer residence of the Habsburg dynasty - the Schönbrunn palace complex with its beautiful park, where you will have the opportunity to stay and explore the palace on your own from the inside, visit the zoo and other attractions of Schönbrunn.