Very interesting presentation "seven wonders of the world". Very interesting presentation "seven wonders of the world" Seven wonders of the ancient world presentation conclusion
N Seven Wonders of the Ancient World... This is a list of the greatest and most striking buildings and monuments. Some, if not all, of the Wonders of the World are amazingly technical. One very interesting fact
: of all the Seven Interesting facts and characteristics: the wonders of the ancient world, only one miracle has survived to this day - this is the Pyramid of Cheops.nConstruction of the pyramid took 20 years. nStarting construction around 2560 BC. nThe entrance is at a height of 15.63 meters. nThe height of the pyramid is approximately 138.7 meters. nThe length of the side face decreased over time by 5 meters (from 230.33 m to 225 m). nAverage mass of 1 stone block of which the pyramid consists of 2.5 tons. nThe heaviest stone block 15 tons. nTotal stone blocks are about 2.5 million. nThe total weight of the pyramid is approximately 6.25 million tons. Hanging gardens Semiramis n The correct name for this wonder of the world is Hanging gardensAmitis... nIn essence Hanging Gardens of Babylon is a pyramid of 4 tiers-platforms. nSupports tiers of 25 meter columns. nLower tier - is an irregular quadrangle (one side 42 meters, the other 34). nThe pyramid is like an ever-blooming hill, which has been planted with rare trees and flowers. n Temple of Artemis at Ephesus... nThe width of the temple was 51 meters. nLength 105 meters. nThe height of the columns is 18 m. nIn total there are 127 columns, which were located in 8 rows. nEach column was donated by the king. 127 columns - 127 kings. (based on legend). n Zeus statue in Olympia nAll the temple in which there was statue of Zeus, was made entirely of marble (even the roof). nThe temple was under construction for 10 years, and the statue of Zeus did not appear in it immediately. nAuthor of the sculpture of Phidias. nNext about creating a statue: nPhidias created the statue in his workshop, which was located 80 meters from the temple itself. nThe workshop was built near the temple and was exactly the same size as the temple itself. nPhidias was very picky about the material, especially the ivory, from which the body of Zeus was made. nIt was a very expensive project by our standards: once a material came to the temple, which included both precious stones and 200 kg of pure gold. For reference, the cost of the gold alone, which was required to create the statue, was approximately $ 8 million. n mausoleum in Halicarnassus nThe construction of the Mausoleum began in 353. BC. nThe construction was managed by Mavsol's wife, Artemisia. nIn the construction were involved two very famous sculptors: Leohara, Scopas. nThe mausoleum stood for 19 centuries. nWas destroyed in the 13th century by an earthquake. The Colossus of Rhodes... nBuilt in the 3rd century BC NS. in the city of Alexandria. The lighthouse was built for the usual purpose - to prevent ships from bumping into reefs. At night, the ships were helped by the reflection of flames, and by day a column of smoke. n The world's first lighthouse... n stood Alexandrian lighthouse almost 1000 years. nLike many wonders of the ancient world was destroyed by an earthquake. n
Steinikova Lyubov Nikolaevna
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Pyramids of Giza Hanging Gardens of Babylon Statue of Zeus at Olympia Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Colossus of Rhodes Lighthouse of Alexandria
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Pyramids of Giza
The Giza pyramid complex is a complex of ancient monuments on the Giza plateau in the suburbs of Cairo, modern capital Egypt. It is located about 8 km towards the center of the Libyan Desert from the old city of Giza on the Nile River, about 25 km southwest of the center of Cairo. It is believed that the buildings were created in the Old Kingdom Ancient egypt during the reign of IV-VI dynasties (XXVI-XXIII centuries BC).
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These pyramids have undergone minor changes these days. This is the only miracle that has survived to this day.
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Hanging Gardens of Babylon - one of the Seven wonders of the world... A more correct name for this structure is the Hanging Gardens of Amitis (according to other sources - Amanis): this is the name of the wife of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II, for whose sake the gardens were created. Presumably located in the ancient state of Babylon, near modern city Hill. According to an alternative version, based on re-deciphering the cuneiform tablets, they could have been located in Nineveh, the capital of the Assyrian kingdom, and were built at the beginning of the 7th century BC.
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In the 1st century. BC NS. The flood destroyed the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the bricks of the hastily built gardens were not sufficiently burnt, high columns collapsed, platforms and stairs collapsed.
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Zeus statue in Olympia
The statue of Zeus in Olympia is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the World located in the mainland of Europe (in the city of Olympia). The statue of Zeus at Olympia is the third wonder of the ancient world. It was erected in the 5th century BC. Marble Zeus surpassed in size all temples existing at that time. The massive roof of the building measuring 27 by 64 m was supported by columns made of limestone. The feats of Zeus were depicted on the marble pediments of the temple. The statue of Zeus was erected by Phidias.
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The last mention of the statue dates back to 363 AD. NS. In the XI century, the Byzantine historian Georgy Kedrin, recorded a local "legend", according to which at the beginning of the V century AD. NS. the statue of Zeus was still intact. According to him, she was either transported to Constantinople, where she burned down during a fire in 476, or she was not transported anywhere, and she died together with the temple from the fire in 425.
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Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus - one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, was located in the Greek city of Ephesus on the coast of Asia Minor (currently the city of Selcuk in the south of the province of Izmir, Turkey). The first large temple was built in the middle of the 6th century BC. NS.
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According to legend, in 356 BC. NS. a certain conceited citizen of Ephesus named Herostratus set fire to the great temple, thus wishing to become famous. Later in 263, the sanctuary of Artemis was sacked by the Goths. During the reign of Emperor Theodosius I, when in 391-392 all pagan cults were banned, the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus was closed. A church was built on the site of the temple, which later also collapsed.
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mausoleum in Halicarnassus
The Halicarnassus mausoleum (Greek ΜαυσωλείοτηςΑλικαρνασσού; tur. HalikarnasMozolesi) is a tombstone of the Carian ruler Mavsol (Greek Μαύσωλος), built in the middle of the 4th century BC. NS. by order of his wife Artemisia III in Halicarnassus, modern Bodrum (Turkey), one of the ancient wonders of the world. As a structure, it was a complex combination of the dynastic monument of the Hecatomnids, the heroon and the tomb of Mavsol.
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The mausoleum stood for 19 centuries. In the XIII century, it collapsed from a strong earthquake, and in 1522 the remains of the Mausoleum were dismantled by the knights-John for the construction of the fortress of St. Peter. In 1846, the ruins were explored by the British Museum expedition led by Charles Thomas Newton. Based on the results of the research, several versions of the reconstruction of the original appearance were drawn up, one of which was the basis for the Grant mausoleum in Manhattan.
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The Colossus of Rhodes
Colossus of Rhodes (Greek ΚολοσσόςτηςΡόδου, Latin ColossusRhodi) - giant statue the ancient Greek God of the Sun - Helios, which stood in the port city of Rhodes, located on the island of the same name in the Aegean Sea, Greece. One of the "Seven Wonders of the World".
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The colossus stood for sixty-five years. In 222 or 226 BC. NS. the statue was destroyed by the Rhodes earthquake. The wreckage of the colossus lay on the ground for over a thousand years, until finally they were sold by the Arabs, who captured Rhodes in 977, to a merchant who, according to one of the chronicles, loaded them with 900 camels. There was a legend: when the statue of the Colossus of Rhodes was erected, an earthquake happened, after which it collapsed. The statue was rebuilt again, and again there was an earthquake. The sages said that if the people erect a statue again, then the island of Rhodes will go under the water.
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Alexandrian lighthouse
Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos lighthouse) - a lighthouse built in the III century BC. NS. on the island of Pharos near the Egyptian city of Alexandria, one of the 7 wonders of the world.
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By the XII century A.D. NS. the bay of Alexandria became so muddy that ships could no longer use it. The lighthouse fell into disrepair. The bronze plates, which served as mirrors, were probably melted down into coins. In the XIV century, the lighthouse was completely destroyed by an earthquake. A few years later, its fragments were used to build a fortress. The fortress was subsequently rebuilt more than once. In 2015, the Egyptian authorities approved a project to rebuild the lighthouse.
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Seven wonders of the world
Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
Seven wonders of the world or Seven Wonders of the Ancient World- a list of the most famous buildings of the architecture of ancient culture. The very choice of the number is consecrated by the most ancient ideas about its completeness, completeness and perfection, because number 7
was considered a sacred number god Apollo... The mention of the seven wonders of the world appears in the writings of Greek authors. They included descriptions of the grandest, most magnificent, or technically the most striking buildings and monuments of art.
Egyptian pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops (Khufu) takes first place from "Seven Wonders of the World", and is the only one that has survived to this day. It is the largest pyramid in Egypt. Previously, its height was about 146 meters, and today it is about 138 meters. The date of the beginning of construction dates back to around 2600 BC, although this is inaccurate, and is disputed by many scientists.
Today, this stunning building surprises with its size and incredible precision of engineering calculations. There is speculation that these stone giants are space observatories. After all, the shape of the location of the pyramids exactly repeats the contours of the constellation "Orion".
Others believe that these buildings used to play the role of powerful energy generators. They were originally covered in limestone and shone in the sun like supernatural beacons.
Inside the first wonder of the world - the pyramids of Cheops, you will find three chambers: underground, "Queen's Chamber" and "Pharaoh's Chamber".
You can get inside the artificial mountain through a natural entrance located at a height of about 15 meters (somewhere like a 5-storey building) or through an artificial one, which was pierced in 820.
Fragments of the facing, with which the pyramid was initially completely covered.
Sectional view of the Cheops pyramid
Pyramid of Cheops in the 19th century.
Pyramid of Cheops in the XXI century.
In the list of "Seven Wonders of the World", the second miracle in a row is considered Hanging Gardens of Babylon... This truly legendary structure was created in 605 BC. However, already in 562 BC. this architectural masterpiece was destroyed by floods.
Despite the well-established connection of the hanging gardens of Babylon with the name of the Assyrian queen - Semiramis, who lived around 800 BC, scholars consider this a delusion. In fact, the official version of the origin of this wonder of the world is as follows.
To prevent liquid from seeping onto the lower floors, the platforms of each tier, consisting of huge slabs, were covered with lead leaves and covered with asphalt.
Water was supplied to the top using a specially designed mechanism that pumps it from the Euphrates River. For this, the slaves turned a huge wheel, irrigating the hanging gardens of Babylon with sufficient moisture.
The one-hundred-meter walls of Babylon and the crowns of trees towering above them, inspired everyone who saw this wonder of the world with the idea of the power and strength of the kingdom.
If Hanging Gardens of Babylon existed until now then, to look at them, we would have had to go to Iraq, since it was in this state that the ruins were found ancient city Mesopotamia - Babylon.
Temple of Artemis of Ephesus Is the third wonder of the world. The name itself hides the origin of the famous temple - this is the ancient Greek city of Ephesus.
If it existed to this day, then you would have to go to Turkey, to the city of Selcuk, Izmir province, to see it with your own eyes. But we have to be content with only photographs of reconstructions and engineering models of the Temple of Artemis of Ephesus.
After that, the building was restored to its original form, with the help of funds allocated by Alexander the Great himself.
The dimensions of the third wonder of the world - the Temple of Artemis of Ephesus, were as follows. Width -
52 m, length - 105 m, height - 18 meters. The roof lay on 127 columns.
There is information that
at the opening of the temple of Artemis, the townspeople were indescribable delight. The finest sculptors, painters and masters of the ancient world worked on the decoration of this wonder of the world. The statue of Artemis of Ephesus consisted of gold and ivory.
The temple was not only of religious significance, but also represented the largest economic, business and cultural center in Greece in Ephesus.
In the middle of 263 AD, the place of worship was plundered by the Goths. At the end of the 9th century AD, when pagan religions were banned, a Christian church was built on the site of the temple. However, it was destroyed after a while.
In 1869, the English archaeologist John Wood managed to find traces of one of the seven wonders of the world - the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.
Despite many problems, and marshy areas on the territory of the excavations, D. Voodoo managed to find the remains of a once majestic building.
Unfortunately, little has survived to this day, and today you can see the only restored column proudly standing on the site of the Temple of Artemis.
Until now, this place in Turkey attracts many tourists who want to see the location of one of the seven wonders of the world.
The Olympic Games, to which the Greeks paid so much attention, were usually held in honor of the pagan god Zeus.
However, the temple of this mythical character did not exist! Only in 466-465 BC a unique building was built in Olympia, where it soon appeared
grandiose statue of Zeus, which is considered the fourth wonder of the world.
Excavations of Phidias' workshop
The builder of this masterpiece is a famous Athenian architect and sculptor named Phidias. Sources have been preserved indicating that the author was very picky about the material from which he created the sculpture of the Olympic Zeus. So, 80 meters from the temple itself, by order of Phidias, a workshop was built, exactly repeating the dimensions of the religious building.
The ratio of the Olympic miracle
light - the statue of Zeus and the building itself, in which it was installed, produced an amazing effect.
To the Greeks, the statue was presented in
435 BC. Phidias ordered the excavation of a rectangular pool at the foot of his masterpiece. Then water was poured into it, and on top was a layer of olive oil.
The unique decoration of the sculpture and the trick described above allowed the rays of the sun to be reflected so that it seemed as if the light was coming from the statue of Zeus itself. At the opening, Phidias stood at the back of the temple, enjoying the shock of the audience.
The fate of the architect is not known for certain.
This "Wonder of the World" stood for about 800 years. At the beginning of the 5th century AD, when Christianity was established as the state religion in the Roman Empire, all pagan temples were closed. However, in order to avoid the plundering of the unique cultural monuments, it was decided to transport the sculpture of Zeus to Constantinople. It was there, in 425, during the fire of the temple, statue of Zeus from Olympia was destroyed.
Despite this, she entered the "Seven Wonders of the World" as an example of the extraordinary engineering, artistic and sculptural achievements of antiquity.
The fifth wonder of the world is mausoleum in Halicarnassus... In the Turkish resort city of Bodrum, scientists have discovered the ruins of the wonder of the world, the Halicarnassus mausoleum.
Named ancient structure by the name of the ruler of Caria - Mavsol, as it was his tombstone. In the 4th century BC, King Mavsol, together with his wife, Queen Artemisia, decided to perpetuate their memory following the example of the Egyptian pharaohs. For these purposes, a grandiose structure was erected, which became a "wonder of the world."
In Greece, on the shore Aegean, situated ancient island Rhodes. It was there, in 280 BC, that the sixth wonder of the world - the Colossus of Rhodes .
It all started with the fact that after the collapse of the empire of Alexander the Great, Demetrius I attacked Rhodes. With him were about forty thousand soldiers. Having laid siege to the main port city, he held the siege for over a year. Then, despite the fact that a lot of efforts were spent on establishing siege engines, Demetrius decided to retreat, abandoning all the buildings. The residents of Rhodes, shocked by this turn of events, sold all the things left by the invaders, deciding to erect a monument to the sun god Helios with the proceeds. According to legend, it was Helios who was the creator of the island.
The monument was commissioned by the outstanding sculptor of that time - Jerez. The main material was chosen
bronze, it took more than 13 tons during construction. In addition, the sculptor used 8 tons of iron and a large number of stones.
The fate of the Colossus of Rhodes was merciless. Just 65 years later, around 225 BC, there was an earthquake that destroyed it.
The statue snapped at its knees and fell to the ground.
Despite the defeated state of Helios, this place attracted the attention of many ancient travelers.
The height of the sculpture was about 60 meters (approximately, like an eighteen-storey building).
After lying on the ground for about 900 years, the statue was sold by the Arabs, who at that time captured Rhodes.
Accurate information about appearance architectural masterpiece no. Sixth " wonder of the world "Colossus of Rhodes is still the subject of controversy, fantastic hypotheses and assumptions. In 2008, there was talk of reconstructing the sculpture with a lighting installation.
The seventh wonder of the world is the Lighthouse of Alexandria(he is Pharos lighthouse). It was built in the 3rd century BC on the Mediterranean Sea.
In Egypt, on the small island of Pharos, not far from Alexandria, there was a bay of great importance for merchant ships. It is for this reason that the need arose for the construction of the Pharos lighthouse.
During the reign of Ptolemy II in Egypt, it was decided to build the famous lighthouse. According to the plan, the implementation of the idea should have taken 20 years, but all residents saw the masterpiece much earlier. The main architect and builder of this building is Sostrat of Cnidus.
In the dark, the flames reflected by the water surface were visible at a distance of more than 60 kilometers, allowing ships to safely pass the reefs. In the daytime, instead of light, a plume of smoke was used, also visible from extremely far away.
A large amount of fuel was required to maintain the flame. The tree was brought along a spiral ramp on carts pulled by mules.
Behind the flames stood bronze
plates that directed light into the sea. The lighthouse was also used as a defensive fortress.
However, the reconstruction was not destined to be completed, and by the end of the 15th century, Kayt Bey, the famous sultan, founded a fortress on the foundation of the lighthouse. By the way, it still exists.
In 2015, the Egyptian authorities approved a project to rebuild the lighthouse.
Used materials:
- Site: ped-kopilka.ru
- Website: interesnyefakty.org
- Website: https://ru.wikipedia.org
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Pyramid of Cheops Built in 2550 BC. NS. Location: Giza (Egypt). Creators: Egyptians. The only one of the "miracles" that has survived to this day. Purpose of the structure: the tomb of Pharaoh Cheops.
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon Built in 600 BC. NS. Place: Babylon (Iraq) Creators: Babylonians Destroyed: After the 1st century BC NS. Reason for destruction: earthquake Purpose of structures: They were created for the wife of King Nebuchadnezzar II ..
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Statue of Zeus at Olympia Built: 435 BC BC, sculptor Phidias Place: Olympia (Greece) Creators: Greeks Destroyed: V-VI centuries. Reason for destruction: burned down in Constantinople during a fire at the Hippodrome in the 5th century. Purpose of the structure: temple statue in the Temple of Zeus at Olympia
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Temple of Artemis at Ephesus Built: 550 BC NS. Location: Ephesus (Turkey) Creators: Lydians, Greeks, Persians Destroyed: 370 BC NS. 356 BC NS. (Herostratus) or AD 262 NS. (Goths) Reason for destruction: fire Purpose of structure: was built in honor of the goddess Artemis
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Mausoleum at Halicarnassus Built: 351 BC NS. Place: Halicarnassus (in the south-west of Turkey) Creators: Carians, Persians, Greeks Destroyed: 1494 Reason for destruction: earthquake; preserved: foundations, architectural fragments; in the British Museum in London - statues of Mavsol and his wife Artemisia, reliefs, statues of lions Purpose of the structure: it was erected as a tombstone of the Carian ruler Mausol by his wife, Queen Artemisia
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Colossus of Rhodes Built: between 292 and 280 BC NS. Location: Rhodes (Greece) Creators: Greeks Destroyed: 224 (or 226) BC NS. the bronze case was dismantled in 654 AD. NS. Reason for destruction: earthquake Purpose of the structure: was installed by the sculptor Hares to perpetuate the memory of the victory of Rhodes over Demetrius Poliorketus (304 BC)
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Lighthouse of Alexandria Built: 3rd century BC NS. Place: Alexandria (Egypt) Creators: Ptolemaic Dynasty Destroyed: 303. BC AD - 1480 AD (stood for 1500 years) Cause of destruction: earthquake Purpose of the structure: the light of this lighthouse was very useful for navigation.
WONDERS OF THE WORLD
Over the centuries, people have compiled a variety of lists of wonders of the world.
1 Three miracles according to Herodotus
2 Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
3 Modern seven wonders of the world
4 Man-made miracles Sveta
5 Wonders of the Natural World
6 Seven Natural Wonders of the World from CNN
7 Wonders of the World from BBC
Purpose of the study
Do we know about our ancestors what they wanted to tell about themselves
Research methods
Scientific literature
Polls of children
Internet resources
- Learn the secret of our world through the messages of ancestors
- Understand what they left us as a legacy
- Feel where and how our ancestors lived
- Find out how we keep their memory
Wonder of the world, 3rd century BC
1. Pyramid of Cheops (Giza, 2550 BC),
Pyramid of Heops (Khufu) - the largest of Egyptian pyramids, the only one of the "Seven Wonders of the World" that has survived to this day.
It is estimated that construction, which lasted twenty years, ended around 2560 BC. NS.
] Architect Great pyramid considered Hemiun, the vizier and nephew of Cheops.
The pyramid is called "Akhet-Khufu" - "Horizon of Khufu" (or more precisely, "Relating to the sky - (this is) Khufu").
The Pyramid of Cheops
The original pyramid was made of white limestone.
The top of the pyramid was crowned with a gilded stone.
The veneer shone in the Sun with a peach color, as if “a shining miracle, to which the Sun god Ra himself seemed to have given all his rays.
In 1168 A.D. NS. the Arabs plundered and burned Cairo. The inhabitants of Cairo removed the cladding from the pyramid in order to build new houses.
Inside the Cheops pyramid there are three burial chambers, one above the other.
There are ventilation ducts inside the pyramid.
It is believed that the people who built the pyramid possessed scientific data in the field of geometry, astronomy, physics.
Because the pyramid is built taking into account the number of PIs, corridors and channels are built inside it, which show the direction to different directions of the world, indicate the position of the stars in the sky.
Also, near this pyramid, 7 pits were found, in which there were boats built of cedar without a single nail.
There is a lot of incomprehensible in this pyramid, tk. there are many dead ends laid by limestone, the pyramid itself is made of geopolymer concrete, the production of which was opened quite recently.
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, Turkey 356 BC NS.
According to legend, Artemis was the twin sister of Apollo.
Artemis took care of everything that lives on the earth and grows in the forest and in the field. She took care of wild animals, herds of livestock, she caused the growth of grasses, flowers and trees. Artemis did not leave people with her attention either - she gave happiness in marriage and blessed the birth of children.
The temple was burned down by a resident of Ephesus, Herostratus. By the decision of the rulers, his name was to be erased from history and from the memory of people.
Alexander the Great gave money for the construction of a new church.
In 263, the sanctuary of Artemis was sacked by the Goths.
Over time, the temple drowned in the mud of the swamp.
Now on the site of this temple there is one column.
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, Turkey, mid-4th century BC NS.
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus - - the tombstone of the Carian ruler Mavsol.
They began to build it during the life of Mavsol.
The mausoleum stood for 19 centuries. In the XIII century, it collapsed from a strong earthquake, and in 1522 the remains of the Mausoleum were dismantled by the knights to build a fortress.
Colossus of Rhodes, Greece
The Colossus of Rhodes is a giant statue of the ancient Greek god of the Sun Helios, which stood in the port city of Rhodes.
The statue stood for 65 years.
The statue was destroyed by an earthquake twice. The sages said that if the people erect a statue again, then the island of Rhodes will go under the water.
The wreckage of the Colossus lay on the ground for over a thousand years before finally being sold by the Arabs. The Arabs loaded 900 camels. While this statue was lying on the ground, people came and hugged it. Hugging the Spike's finger - there was not enough girth of the hands. This suggests that the statue was 60 meters high.
In November 2008, the intention was announced to reconstruct the statue as a lighting installation. It will be made 100 meters high. It will cost about 200 million euros.
Lighthouse of Alexandria (Alexandria, 3rd century BC).
Lighthouse of Alexandria - was built in the 3rd century BC. NS. v Egyptian city Alexandria so that ships can safely pass the reefs on their way to the Alexandria Bay. At night, they were helped in this by the reflection of the flames, and during the day - by a column of smoke. The total height of the lighthouse is 120-140 meters, its light was visible at a distance of 60 km. It was the world's first lighthouse, and it stood for almost a thousand years, but in 796 AD. NS. was badly damaged by an earthquake. Subsequently, the Arabs who came to Egypt tried to restore it, and by the XIV century. the height of the lighthouse was about 30 m. At the end of the 15th century. Sultan Kayt-bey erected a fortress on the site of the lighthouse, which still stands today.
The great Wall of China
About a million people took part in the construction.
The length of the wall with all its branches is 8 thousand 851 kilometers and 800 meters.
The wall was supposed to clearly mark the boundaries of Chinese civilization.
Today, more than 40 km of the wall has already disappeared, and only 10 km are still in place, the height of the wall in some places has decreased from five to two meters.
The wall is gradually crumbling.
Colosseum, Ancient Rome
The Colosseum is an amphitheater that is built at the bottom of a pond. There were battles of gladiators, fights of animals, theatrical performances and other entertainments.
When the wars began, the Colosseum served as a fortress.
Now this object is guarded, excursions are held on it.
Recently, excavations have been carried out at the site of the Colosseum and basements have been found inside the theater, which once served to bring groups of people and animals, trees and other decorations into the arena, and, possibly, to fill it with water and lift ships up.
Machu Picchu, South America, Peru
Machu Picchu is an ancient Inca city. The name translates as “city in the clouds.” This city served as a winter refuge for the ruler Pachacuteca. There are no more than 200 structures in Machu Picchu. And up to 1200 people lived in it and around it, who worshiped the Sun god there. Why did the Incas leave this city? who doesn't know.
Hidden in the mountains, for a long time no one could find the city. For the world, the "Lost City" of the Incas was opened only in 1911 and today amazes tourists with the level of engineering.
It is believed that on the tops of these mountains, local priests followed the movement of the sun in winter, and on some days the sun seemed to cling to the tops of the mountains and illuminate the city. This was considered a good sign.
This is one of the most beautiful places on the planet. Built entirely of stone. The whole area is covered with very rich vegetation. Amazes extraordinary beauty mountain landscape surrounding the complex.
Taj Mahal Asia, Agra, India
Taj Mahal is a mausoleum-mosque located in Agra, India.
The building began to be built around 1632 and completed in 1653; 20 thousand artisans and craftsmen worked.
Inside the mausoleum there are two tombs - the shah and his wife.
The walls are lined with polished translucent marble.
Marble has such a feature that in bright daylight it looks white, pink at dawn, and silver on a moonlit night.
According to an unconfirmed legend, a twin building made of black marble should have been located on the other side of the river, but it was not completed. A gray marble bridge was supposed to connect the two buildings.
Christ the Redeemer Statue South America
A statue of Christ with outstretched hands on the top of Mount Corcovado in Rio de Janeiro. It is a symbol of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil in general. Made of reinforced concrete and soapstone.
The exact dimensions of the statue of Christ the Redeemer are: height - 38 meters, including the pedestal - 8 meters; weight - 1145 tons; arm span - 30 meters.
Currently, the statue is visited by tourists.
Constantly restored.
Amazon, Ecuador
Amazon River South America, the largest in the world in size. Length 7000 km.
The vast area is inhabited by more than a million of the most diverse species of plants and animals, and this area, without exaggeration, can be called the world's genetic fund. Many of their species are not even described or identified.
Scientists say that 10 km² of rainforest contains 1.5 thousand species of flowers, 750 species of trees, 125 species of mammals, 400 species of birds and countless insects and invertebrates.
In the Amazonian jungle, there are many animals that can pose a serious danger to humans.
Snakes anaconda and poisonous shushuya and fever, as well as the "brown spider".
In rivers, there are electric rays that can generate an electric charge that can kill a person, piranhas that can make a serious wound with their bite and caneru condiru that can penetrate the urinary tract of humans and animals, and bring their victim to death, due to almost complete loss of blood.
There is also a freshwater dolphin.
The trees are inhabited by various species of tailless amphibians from the Dart frog family, whose skin secretes a strong lipophilic poison - batrachotoxin.
In particular, some species of bats are a natural carrier of the rabies virus, and mosquitoes are carriers of leishmaniasis.
The humid warm environment creates favorable conditions for the spread of malaria, tropical fever and other infectious diseases by their vectors. The screw insect lays eggs on wet clothes, in contact with human skin, it digs into it and lays eggs.
There is a legend that the Amazons lived in these forests. The Amazons are tribes in which there were only one women. They took men prisoner, gave birth to children from them. If a girl was born, then she was left in the tribe, and if a boy, then he was sent to his father.
Komodo National Park Indonesia
Komodo National Park - located in the center of the Indonesian archipelago.
This national park founded in 1980.
Territory national park c includes three main islands: Komodo, Rinka and Padar.
The most famous animal in the park is the Komodo dragon.
Underground River Puerto Princesa Karst Caves Philippines
Underground River Puerto Princesa - An underground river near the Philippine city of Puerto Princesa, on about. Palawan (Philippines).
In the area of its location, the National Park of the Underground River of the city of Puerto Princesa was created.
This river flows underground in a cave.
Currently, the specialized literature describes 30 species of local mammals that live in this park.
Long-tailed macaque, bearded pig, snakes, monitor lizards, lizards live here. Amphibians are represented by 10 species. Philippine barburula, dugong, Hawksbill sea turtle.
Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA
The Grand Canyon is one of deepest canyons in the world.
The width (at the plateau level) ranges from 6 to 29 km, at the bottom level - less than a kilometer. Depth - up to 1600 m.
The Colorado River flows through the Canyon. Previously, the river flowed on the surface of the earth i.e. on the plain, but as a result of the movement of the earth's crust, the angle of the river flow changed and the water began to erode rocks. The Grand Canyon is still increasing due to ongoing erosion.
Great Barrier Reef northeast coast of Australia
The Great Barrier Reef is a ridge of coral reefs and islands in the Coral Sea, stretching along the northeastern coast of Australia for 2500 km.
The modern history of its development lasts about 8000 years.
Coral reef ecosystems are vulnerable because coral growth requires special conditions. The water temperature should not be lower than 17.5 ° C (ideal temperature 22-27 ° C). The water in which corals grow must have a certain salinity.
It is inhabited by the Butterflyfish, a blue-ringed octopus whose venom kills humans.
It is home to over 400 species of coral.
On the Bolshoi barrier reef there are about 1,500 species of marine fish.
The South Reef Islands are a breeding ground for sea turtles.
It is also home to a huge number of crustaceans: crabs, shrimps, lobsters and lobsters. Even a small reef provides shelter for about a hundred different species of shrimp and crabs. There are also many shellfish on the reef.
Volcano Parikutin Mexico
Paricutin is the youngest Mexican volcano.
The formation of a new volcano is a rare phenomenon, and therefore the birth of Parikutin in the memory of the present generation gave volcanologists and geologists a rare opportunity to study this process in more detail.
For the first time, lava began to pour out of the volcano in July 1944.The volcano continued to operate until 1952.
Victoria Falls, South Africa
the waterfall is located on the Zambezi River in South Africa. The waterfall is about 1800 meters wide and 108 meters high.
Scottish explorers who visited the waterfall in 1855 named it - after Queen Victoria. Among the indigenous population of these places, the waterfall was known as "Thundering Smoke".
Victoria is the only waterfall in the world that is over 100 meters high and over a kilometer wide.
During the dry season, the waterfall is reduced to a few narrow streams, spray and fog are almost absent.
During the rainy season, more than 500 million liters of water per minute pass through the waterfall, due to the enormous force of the falling water, the spray rises hundreds of meters into the air.
This place is often visited by tourists, and near the waterfall was built Railway for tourists.
The waterfall is located in two national parks - "Thundering Smoke" and Victoria Falls. ... To the National Park "Thundering Smoke" from South Africa introduced two white rhinos.
Nazca Lines in Peru
The Nazca Lines are a group of giant geometric and figured geoglyphs on the Nazca Plateau in southern Peru. Among the images presented are straight lines, triangles, spirals, a bird, a monkey, a spider and flowers. Since they reach several hundred meters in length, it is difficult to recognize from the ground. In our time, they were officially discovered during flights over the plateau in the first half of the XX century.
In popular literature, one can find speculation that the stripes in the Nazca desert are intended for landing alien spaceships, because until the beginning of the 20th century, mankind was not capable of flying.
The soil under the lines is compacted, which, according to the official version, is a consequence of the passage of a large number of people along the lines for ritual purposes.
It is quite, even possible, that a representative of the Nazca culture could have been observing astronomers, at least according to Dr. Phyllis Pitluga (astronomer of the Chicago Planetarium). After intensively studying the relative positions of the stars in Nazca using computer methods, she came to the conclusion that the famous image of a spider was conceived as a diagram of a giant star cluster in the constellation of Orion, and the straight lines conjugating with this figure are like an arrow, the lines characterize the change in the declination of three stars in Orion's Belt ...
The lines themselves are drawn on the surface in the form of furrows up to 135 centimeters wide and up to 40-50 centimeters deep.
the largest Buddhist complex in the world Borobudur in Indonesia
Borobudur (Indonesian Borobudur) - Buddhist stupa and associated with it temple complex the traditions of Mahayana Buddhism.
The name can be translated "Buddhist temple on the mountain."
Until now, scientists cannot determine the exact date and duration of the construction of this temple - they assume that the temple was erected in the 7th-9th centuries.
The temple was built on a lake that was dried by ancestors. The building symbolizes a lotus - a sacred flower.
According to researchers, the structure can be viewed as a huge book for pilgrims. As the ritual circumambulation of each tier is completed, the pilgrims get acquainted with the life of the Buddha and with the elements of his teachings.
Statue of Liberty in the USA
Statue of Liberty, the full name is Liberty Enlightening the world) - one of the most famous sculptures in the United States and in the world, often called "the symbol of New York and the United States", "the symbol of freedom and democracy", "Lady Liberty". This is a gift from French citizens for the centenary of the American Revolution.
Since its inception, the statue has served as a navigational landmark and has been used as a lighthouse.
Visitors walk 356 steps to the crown.
There are 25 windows in the crown, which symbolize earthly gems and heavenly rays that illuminate the world. The seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize the seven seas and seven continents.
The total weight of the concrete base is 27 thousand tons.
Imperial Forbidden City and the Terracotta Army in China
The Terracotta Army is the burial place of at least 8,099 full-size terracotta statues of Chinese warriors and their horses, discovered in 1974 near the tomb of the Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huang, near the city of Xi'an.
In that forbidden city the emperor was buried, and with him an entire army was buried. An army of statues. However, it is known that there were burials of living people - servants of the emperor, burials of cattle and jewelry.
Meenakshi temple in India
Minaksha Temple is a Hindu temple in the city of Madurai.
Inside the temple is the sanctuary of the god Shiva-Sundareshvara and his sculptural image. On solemn religious days, the statue of the god is placed in a gilded carriage and taken out of the temple, an elephant is harnessed to it, and a procession is made around the temple.
The temple is 258 meters wide and 223 meters long. Height - 51.9 meters.
It is crowned with fourteen towers up to 50 meters high. Five towers are located inside the temple, the rest are outside. All of them are completely covered with many relatively small painted sculptures. These are the many-armed Shiva, many-sided goddesses, priests and musicians, mythical animals, men and women. Many thousands of figures, none are alike.
Iranian Persepolis
Persepolis is an ancient Persian city that arose in the 6th-5th centuries. BC NS.
Now the ruins of Persepolis are a huge palace complex with an area of 135,000 m² on a high platform.
There was water supply and sewerage in Persepolis; slave labor was not used during its construction.
There are a lot of buildings inside the city that represent a historical heritage.
Libyan Leptis Magna
Leptis Magna, an abandoned city from antiquity on the territory of modern Libya, is considered perhaps the best-preserved Roman city that has survived to this day. Streets and porticos, shopping forums and triumphal arches, temples and baths, almost the entire city in terms of plan have been preserved here - it's amazing that all this has survived to this day. Excavations and research continues here, and every year new wonders are revealed to the eyes of archaeologists.
Greek Parthenon
Parthenon - the most famous monument antique architecture.
Currently, it is in a dilapidated state, restoration work is underway.
For many centuries, conquering warriors were fought on the site of the Parthenon, the Parthenon suffered destruction, it was plundered many times. A lot of statues were taken out of the city, not to mention precious things.
- We did our research and found out that we know little about the legacy we inherited.
- However, most of the relics that have survived to this day are protected objects that are historical monuments.
- They are museums, nature reserves and are visited by tourists.
A person must protect his land, his world and himself for future descendants
