What does a pyramid look like from the inside. Who and when built the pyramid of Cheops

The complex of pyramids Cheops Khefren Mikerin and the Sphinx are located on the territory of modern Egypt (Giza plateau) and were built according to a single architectural plan. Pyramids of Giza Pyramid of Cheops ... Wikipedia

Pyramid of Cheops Pyramid of Cheops Egyptian name ... Wikipedia

Pyramid of Menkaur ... Wikipedia

Pyramid (in architecture) is a monumental structure in the shape of a pyramid, usually related to the ancient world. Contents 1 Pyramids Of the ancient world 2 Modern pyramids 3 ... Wikipedia

Pyramid of Khafre ... Wikipedia

- (from the Greek. pyramis), a monumental structure with a geometric pyramid shape (sometimes stepped or tower-like). The pyramids are called the tombs of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, who embodied the idea of ​​the superhuman greatness of the ruler ... ... Art encyclopedia

This term has other meanings, see Pyramid. Pyramid (ancient Egyptian aahu t, horizon; Greek πυραμις pyramis, pyramidos pyramid, from πυρα pyra fire + μιδες mides middle)) common form architectural structure in ... ... Wikipedia

Coordinates: 48 ° 51'39 ″ s. NS. 2 ° 20'09 ″ in. d. / 48.860833 ° N NS. 2.335833 ° E etc ... Wikipedia

pyramid- s, w. 1) A geometric solid with a polygonal or triangular base and triangular faces converging at the vertex. Draw a pyramid. Triangular pyramid. Truncated pyramid. 2) B Ancient egypt: monumental stone structure with… … Popular dictionary of the Russian language

A construction in the form of a geometric pyramid with smooth or stepped edges; in ancient Egypt, a tombstone; in pre-Columbian America, the foot of the altar or temple ( Bulgarian language; Български) pyramid (Czech; Čeština) pyramida ... ... Construction vocabulary

Books

• Pyramid of secrets
• Pyramid of Secrets, Alan Alford. For more than one hundred years, the pyramid of Cheops has been the subject of endless disputes on three main issues: who built it, how and why. The book by the famous English writer Alan Alford ...

Ancient Egyptian pyramids are the most mysterious and unusual buildings in the history of mankind. How they were built and why, their external and internal description are questions that have worried scientists for many years. The Pyramid of Cheops is the largest of all the pyramids, an architectural monument.

An unambiguous and proven version of how these huge giants were built does not exist today. But there are a lot of hypotheses and assumptions, each of which has both evidence and contradictions.

Preparation for construction

The pyramids were built from stone blocks. Some believed that all the blocks were the same size. But the theory was disproved. The preparation for the construction involved the extraction of such stone blocks from the rocks. To do this, they drew the shape of the future block on the rock, hollowed out with chisels and picks along the edges of the border, and inserted wood into them.

Later, the tree was flooded with water, as a result of which it swelled, and the rock cracked from stress along a predetermined boundary. The block was then separated.

Also, in preparation, they made a marking of the earth with the designation of the four sides of the pyramid. We tried to outline so that they were oriented to the cardinal points. Then the platform for the base was leveled.

For this, a square-shaped rampart of sand and stones was erected. Then we divided this square into equal parts and filled it with water. The stones that were under the water were removed, and the trenches were laid with a new layer of stones, which served as the foundation of the tomb.

Working with stone

The resulting blocks were carefully processed to obtain the required shape. Further along the river, the blocks were transported to the construction site. Studies have shown that the stones had a mass suitable for movement. After that, construction began, starting from the lower tier. Having laid the blocks, the problem arose of lifting the blocks to the next levels.

There are many theories about how the Egyptians raised stones. Some scientists believe that 4 specially built brick ramps were used for the ascent. Some have suggested that the ramp was 1. Opponents of the theory argue that such devices cannot exist and suggest that there were lifting mechanisms. Although this version was not found evidence.

Drawings on the pyramid

Numerous drawings and diagrams on stone blocks also leave a lot of questions. In addition to the depicted figures of people and Gods, pictures of unknown technical structures and devices of unknown purpose were found. There are examples that resemble a modern helicopter. There are whole huge portraits.

The painting technology also remains a mystery. After all, some parts of the drawings are darker, and some are lighter: unknown ways were used to lighten or darken the surface of the stone. Many unsolved paintings and records still exist today. Most researchers tend to assume that drawings are a secret message for modern man.

Where is the pyramid of Cheops located on the map?

The Pyramid of Cheops, whose description is mesmerizing, is the only one of the "Seven Wonders of the World" that has survived to this day. It is located in the city of Giza in Egypt.

Today, on the map, Giza is designated as a suburb of Cairo. It is located 30 km from the capital.

History of the pyramid and its age

The Pyramid of Cheops is the oldest and largest of the 3 pyramids located on the Giza plateau. The pyramids, as you know, were built as tombs of the pharaohs in order to ensure a good and comfortable life for rulers in the afterlife.

It took several decades to build the pyramid. Scientists are still debating how much.

Some believe that the construction took about 20 years. But the scale of the pyramid and the reign of Pharaoh Cheops (he himself supervised the construction) suggest that the work took all 40 years. Herodotus and his associates believed that the main builders were slaves, a large number of whom died at the construction site.

Modern scholars, on the other hand, believe that the free Egyptians constituted the majority of the working hands. After all, Cheops provided them with housing and food for the duration of their work. A the main reason there was a spiritual component: everyone tried to show their involvement in the shrine of the immortal ruler, because only the pharaoh and his entourage had the right to immortality and life after death.

And by participating in the construction of the tomb, people hoped for the favor of the Gods or the Pharaoh himself, wishing to be part of the retinue. The architect is considered the nephew of Cheops - Hemion, who scrupulously worked on the project, calculating everything to the smallest detail. Perhaps this explains the durability of the pyramid.

The pyramid is about 4500 years old. And the date of the start of construction is considered to be August 23, 2560 BC. This day is considered a national holiday in Egypt.

Appearance and dimensions of the pyramid, characteristics

The overall dimensions of the pyramid are striking in their scale: the base area is 53 thousand square meters. m. Height - 138.8 m, although initially the building was higher by another 9 m, but after many hundreds of years earthquakes and sandstorms contributed to the partial destruction of the top of the pyramid. Base - 230 m, rib length - 230 m. Volume - 2.58 million cubic meters. m.

The pyramid of Cheops is adjacent to 2 others: the pyramid of Khafre and the pyramid of Menkaur. Also nearby is another architectural monument - the Great Sphinx, the description of which also contains inexplicable facts.

Data on the 3 pyramids of Giza are shown in the table:

The body of the pyramid is built of limestone and granite blocks. From above it was covered with a sparkling cladding, and the top was adorned with a golden stone. At present, neither the facing nor the decoration of the top has survived.

What is inside the pyramid of Cheops

The pyramid of Cheops, the description of the appearance of which is given above, also has a complex internal structure with rooms and corridors.

It contains:

• An underground burial pit.
• The king's chamber.
• The Queen's Chamber.
• Great gallery.
• Ventilation ducts.
• Discharge chambers.
• The entrance is original.
• Tourist entrance.
• Moves or corridors.

Entrance to the pyramid

All ancient Egyptian tombs have an entrance from the north side. The Cheops pyramid is no exception. The entrance is located at a height of 16-17 m, it has a non-random tilt angle: it was with this tilt that the Egyptians could observe the Pole Star.

This original entrance to the tomb is not used and is sealed with a stone plug.

Tourists today go inside through the entrance, located 10 m below, made by Abdullah al-Mamun, who wanted to enrich himself with the treasures of the pharaoh. For the convenience of tourists, the main passage was equipped with handrails, steps, and lighting.

Burial pit

Ascending and descending corridors begin at the point of intersection of both entrances. The descending one paves the way to the tomb, which is located underground and is a room with dimensions of 14 by 8 m.

The engineers carried out additional excavations from this room and dug a well and another narrow passage, hoping to find the body of Cheops. However, their attempts failed. The burial pit was not completed and was abandoned. It was decided to equip the main burial chamber in the center of the pyramid.

The Ascending Corridor and the Queen's Chambers

The ascending passage is laid to the south and its length is 40 m. It flows into the Great Gallery. At the very beginning, the passage is closed by three large stone blocks. Al-Mamun, bumping into them, dug a bypass line, which is still used today. The purpose of these blocks is unknown.

It has not yet been possible to move them.

The lower part of the Great Gallery gives rise to a corridor 35 m long and 1.75 m high. It leads to the 2nd tomb, which is often called the Queen's Chamber. This room measures 5.74 m by 5.23 m. The height is 6.22 m. In the east of the Chamber there is a large depression.

Grotto, Great Gallery and Pharaoh's Chambers

The next branch of the lower part of the Great Gallery is a vertical passage 60 m long, going to a descending passage, which contains 1 single extension - the Grotto. The nature of its origin is not completely clear, but most likely, this is a natural formation. The ascending passage passes into the Great Gallery - an inclined high corridor. Height - 8.53 m. Length - 46 m.

On the sides of both walls there is a square recess with 27 pairs of holes of unknown purpose. At the end of the gallery there is a ledge - a step in front of the entrance to the Antechamber, through which the entrance to the Chamber of the Pharaoh itself opens. The burial room is faced with black granite. It contains a stone sarcophagus without a lid. There are ventilation holes on the walls.

The ceiling is almost destroyed, the condition of the slabs is worn out. Above the burial room, several empty cavities were found, separated by monolithic slabs. It is assumed that their purpose is to distribute the weight load to avoid excessive pressure of the overlying plates on the pharaoh's chamber.

Ventilation ducts

The chambers of the king and queen contain ventilation openings - narrow channels of small width. These channels are through only in the House of the King. In the Queen's Chamber, the ends of the canals do not reach either the wall of the room on one side, or the edges of the pyramid on the other. In the upper part, they are closed with doors with copper handles.

The studies of the channels were carried out by a special robot, which was able to detect these details.

Such a strange arrangement of ventilation ducts may indicate that the ancient Egyptians were a very religious people and believed that the soul enters the afterlife. These doors at the ends symbolize a kind of entrance to the Kingdom of the Dead.

What can be seen around the pyramid

The Pyramid of Cheops, the description of which includes many secrets, and around it contains amazing finds.

Pharaoh's boats

In the immediate vicinity of the pyramid, 7 depressions were found with parts of real Egyptian boats, one of which was the "Solar Boat". Its peculiarity is the lack of fasteners.

On this cedar boat, according to legend, Cheops had to start his journey to the Kingdom of the dead. A museum dedicated to this boat was opened on one side of the pyramid.

Pyramids of Queens of Cheops

In the east, there are 3 small pyramids for the close circle of Pharaoh Cheops. They are located in decreasing size towards the south.

The length of the base of each is 50 cm longer than the base of the previous one. At present, their condition is satisfactory.

Opening hours of the museum complex in Giza

The Giza Museum Complex, covering all the pyramids, is open for tourists every day from 8.00 to 17.00. In winter, it works on a shorter working day - until 16.30. In the holy month of Ramadan for Muslims - until 15.00.

Ticket prices

Cost of visits:

• Login to museum complex- 7.5 USD.
• Entrance to the Sun Rook Museum - 3 USD.
• Entrance to the Cheops pyramid - 11 USD.
• Entrance to the pyramid of Khafre - 2 USD.

Going on an excursion to explore the pyramids of Egypt, it is advisable to use the nearby useful tips:

Secrets of the Cheops pyramid

The main secret of the Cheops pyramid is that the mummy of Pharaoh Cheops was not found either inside the pyramid or anywhere else. Many theories have been developed about the place of his burial. The sarcophagus was found to be empty when found. The cover was also missing. And in general, scientists believe that the construction of the sarcophagus was not completed.

And researchers of our time even put forward a hypothesis that this pyramid was not built for Cheops. This confirms the absence of any decorations in the burial room. Usually, the tombs of the pharaohs were real treasures full of jewelry and riches.

The ventilation ducts of the tombs are another unexplained item. Why they were built is still unknown. In the King's Chamber, air from outside enters through them. There is no answer to the question of what the air is for the buried Pharaoh. The construction of such a bulk also leaves a lot of questions. The dimensions of the pyramid can be compared to a 50-storey skyscraper.

And the base area could accommodate a dozen football fields. There is no unequivocal answer how and with the help of what people raised stone blocks to a height. Another mystery is how the stones were joined. The surfaces fit so tightly that there is no way to even slip a thin blade between them.

Transporting blocks to the base of the building also contains puzzles.

In 2017, evidence was found showing that the Nile had been drained and artificial channels created leading to the pyramid to move heavy granite stones. They were carried along them in boats Construction Materials... The Pyramid of Cheops (the description of the interior will not convey the entire atmosphere inside) contains a very small number of rooms inside.

It was often speculated that the largest pyramid still contains secret or simply undiscovered rooms. The guesses were confirmed: studies based on the study of the temperature difference between the surfaces of the blocks showed the presence of additional voids inside.

but Egyptian authorities have imposed a ban on further excavations. Although the opening of such new rooms will become a worldwide sensation, which will lead to an even greater influx of tourists to Giza. This is a tempting alternative for Egypt as a whole, so the issue is not completely closed. The presence of 3 tomb rooms in the pyramid is strange fact, in terms of the history and life of the pharaohs.

In other pyramids, each ruler prepared 1 burial room for himself, putting all his efforts into the construction of this particular main part. Controversies and disputes over 3 such chambers in the Cheops pyramid led to the conclusion: there were 3 pharaohs who were the owner of the pyramid. And Cheops, apparently, was the last one.

There is evidence that Cheops did not build from the foundation, but rebuilt the existing pyramid of the previous rulers. The ventilation ducts of the Chamber of Queens do not communicate with the atomosphere. This is strange and suggests that the pyramid was overlaid with a new layer of blocks, while the ventilation outlets were walled up.

Despite the huge amount of obscure and mysterious, there are also skeptics who believe that there are no secret messages, and no pyramid carries any hidden meaning. Confirmation of this is offered to compare all found pyramids. It is clear that they all differ from each other in many ways.

There is no symmetry and similarity either in orientation relative to the cardinal points, or in the internal structure. If some riddle was encrypted, all of them, or at least a few, would be identical in cross-section.

Interesting facts about the Cheops pyramid

Interesting to know:

The mystery of the Cheops pyramid will be solved for more than one century. Description of the appearance and internal device the pyramids are not yet perfect and are fraught with many mysteries.

Article formatting: Lozinsky Oleg

Video about the pyramid of Cheops in Egypt

Pyramid of Cheops in Egypt description:

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Many articles and books have been written about the Egyptian pyramid of Cheops, examining it from the standpoint of the modern materialistic view, not taking into account that it was built during the period of a previous highly developed civilization, the knowledge of which has not reached us. The pyramid of Cheops, with its enormous dimensions, involuntarily raises the question of the methods of its construction. The hypotheses put forward on this score are far from the truth.

The Pyramid of Cheops, built about 4,600 years ago, is located on the stone plateau of the Libyan Desert. The stones for its construction were delivered mainly from the quarries of the Maccatim Highlands, which is located east of the Nile River. The construction of the pyramid was carried out under the guidance of the famous architect Khafre for 20 years. According to ancient sources, peasants took part in its construction only three months a year, in their free time from field work, when the Nile flooded. But this does not exclude the conduct of work by a small number of specialists preparing the scope of work for thousands of seasonal builders-peasants.

The purpose of the construction of the pyramid-tomb.

The word "pyramid" literally translated from Greek means "the fire that is inside." By "fire" here one should understand the presence of an ordered energy flow both inside and outside the pyramid. Similar energy flows can be observed in crystals (quartz, diamond ...), in trees, etc. Above the top of the pyramid (tree ...), a vertical energy flow is formed, which is sometimes called a cosmic channel (pillar). In the morning, at dawn, this energy flow can be seen above the top of the pyramid with the naked eye. The energy flows at the top of the Cheops pyramid are connected with the energy flows of the neighboring pyramids, forming a channel-energy connection with each other. In nature, a similar energy connection is observed in crystal trees (druses), etc. At the same time, the formation of an additional domed energy shell, a collective aura, is observed above them. Until now, the pyramid was considered as a material body without taking into account its energetic properties, just as in medicine the physical body of a person is studied without taking into account his other six subtle bodies.

The pyramid, like the physical body of a person, is only a material frame for subtle energy systems. Legends say that there is a Great Stone in the pyramid, which flew from Space to Earth. He has great energy and magical powers. Similar stones are found in the Kaaba Mosque (Mecca, Saudi Arabia) in the Himalayas, and earlier was with the Emperor Tatzlau in Atlantis, who was buried in Taimyr. These are stones of spiritual centers and centers of civilization.

For the creation of energy vertical pillars of space communication (flows) on Earth, mankind in all millennia has used a variety of technical solutions. For example, in mountainous areas, the tops of the mountains were arranged in the form of pyramids, tents, sphinxes and other structures, and below them - tombs. In flat areas, artificial architectural ground or underground structures were created (burial mounds, pyramids, labyrinth drawings ...)

The pyramid has design characteristics for obtaining the required types of energy flows. The larger the pyramid, the more powerful its energy flow. Above the summit of Mount Everest (Himalayas), one of the most powerful energy flows on Earth.
The tombs of Ancient Egypt are found both in mountainous areas (near Lake Victoria) and in flat areas (near the Nile delta). Their construction was carried out mainly during the heyday ancient civilization with a high technical level of development ( air Transport(vimanas, chariots), eternal lamps, energy, laser, nuclear, sound weapons, etc.).

Start of construction.

The Cheops pyramid has a height of about 150 meters with the length of the base of one side of it being 250 meters. It was built on the western bank of the Nile, near the city of Cairo.
The famous architect Khefren did not erect this pyramid from scratch. There were very ancient squat pyramids made of monolithic stone, which were called by modern specialists "outliers". One of the ancient pyramids with its energy flows and underground passages (built about 14,000 years ago) was used by Chefren for its intended purpose, increasing its height and replanning the internal passages and rooms. This ancient pyramid had a strong foundation and special entrances to the dungeons for underground work.

The Cheops pyramid, like the ancient one, is oriented towards spiritual centers (Shambhala - in the east, and Thule - in the north), since the north pole was 12,000 years ago in the north-west of Canada near the border with America. The geographic north pole is constantly migrating around the globe.

Using the ancient pyramid as the basis for a new one, the builders achieved a significant reduction in labor and material costs, and a reduction in the construction period. Now no one remembers the more ancient builders, although more than half of the volume of the Cheops pyramid is made up of stones ancient pyramid... The original monolithic pyramid (outlier) had its own burial chamber with other dungeons. During the construction of the pyramid, Khefren made a new redevelopment of the dungeons. Therefore, some voids from the ancient pyramid, which did not fit into the new layout, do not find a logical explanation among researchers.

The first wonder of the world of all time, one of the main structures of our planet, a place full of secrets and mysteries, a point of constant pilgrimage for tourists - the Egyptian pyramids and in particular the pyramid of Cheops.

Construction giant pyramids, of course, was not an easy task. Huge efforts of a large number of people were made in order to deliver stone blocks to the Giza or Saqqara plateau, and later to the Valley of the Kings, which became the new necropolis of the pharaohs.

At the moment, there are about a hundred pyramids found in Egypt, but the finds continue, and their number is constantly increasing. At different times, one of the 7 wonders of the world meant different pyramids. Someone meant all the pyramids of Egypt as a whole, someone the pyramids near Memphis, someone the three large pyramids of Giza, and most critics recognized only the largest pyramid of Cheops.

Afterlife of Ancient Egypt

One of the central moments in the life of the ancient Egyptians was religion, which shaped the entire culture as a whole. Particular attention was paid to the afterlife, perceived as a clear continuation of earthly life. That is why preparation for life after death began long before her, was posed as one of the main tasks of life.

According to the ancient Egyptian belief, a person had several souls. The soul of Ka played the role of the Egyptian's double, with whom he was to meet in the afterlife. Ba's soul connected with the person himself, and left his body after death.

Religious life of the Egyptians and the god Anubis

At first it was believed that only the pharaoh had the right to life after death, but he could grant this "immortality" to his entourage, who were usually buried next to the tomb of the ruler. Ordinary people were not destined to get into the world of the dead, the only exceptions were slaves and servants, whom the pharaoh "took" with him, and who were depicted on the walls of the great tomb.

But for a comfortable life after the death of the deceased, it was necessary to provide everything necessary: ​​food, household utensils, servants, slaves and much more needed for the average pharaoh. They also tried to preserve the human body so that the Ba soul could later reconnect with him. Therefore, in matters of body preservation, embalming and the creation of complex pyramid tombs were born.

The first pyramid in Egypt. Djoser's pyramid

Speaking about the construction of the pyramids in Ancient Egypt in general, it is worth mentioning the beginning of their history. The very first pyramid in Egypt was built about five thousand years ago at the initiative of Pharaoh Djoser. It is in these 5 millennia that the age of the pyramids in Egypt is estimated. The construction of the pyramid of Djoser was led by the famous and legendary Imhotep, who was even deified in the later centuries.

Djoser's pyramid

The entire complex of the erected building occupied an area of ​​545 by 278 meters. Along the perimeter, it was surrounded by a 10-meter wall with 14 gates, only one of which was real. In the center of the complex was the Djoser pyramid with sides 118 x 140 meters. The height of the Djoser pyramid is 60 meters. A burial chamber was located almost at a depth of 30 meters, to which corridors with many branches led. Utensils and sacrifices were kept in the branch rooms. Here archaeologists have found three bas-reliefs of Pharaoh Djoser himself. Near the eastern wall of the Djoser pyramid, 11 small burial chambers were discovered, intended for the royal family.

Unlike the famous large pyramids Giza, the pyramid of Djoser had a stepped shape, as if intended for the ascent of the pharaoh to heaven. Of course, this pyramid is inferior in popularity and size to the Cheops pyramid, but still the contribution of the very first stone pyramid to the culture of Egypt is difficult to overestimate.

The Pyramid of Cheops. History and short description

But nevertheless, the most famous for the ordinary population of our planet are the adjacent three pyramids of Egypt - Khafren, Mekerin and the largest and highest pyramid in Egypt - Cheops (Khufu)

Pyramids of Giza

The pyramid of Pharaoh Cheops was built near the city of Giza, which is currently a suburb of Cairo. When the pyramid of Cheops was built, at the present time it is impossible to say for sure, and research gives a wide spread. In Egypt, for example, the date of the beginning of the construction of this pyramid is officially celebrated - August 23, 2480 BC.

Pyramid of Cheops and Sphinx

About 100,000 people were simultaneously involved in the construction of the wonder of the world, the Cheops pyramid. During the first ten years of work, a road was built, along which huge stone blocks were delivered to the river and the underground structures of the pyramid. Work on the construction of the monument itself continued for about 20 more years.

The dimensions of the Cheops pyramid at Giza are striking. The height of the Cheops pyramid initially reached 147 meters. Over time, due to being covered with sand and the loss of cladding, it decreased to 137 meters. But even this figure allowed it to remain the tallest human structure in the world for a long time. The pyramid has a square base with a side of 147 meters. The construction of this giant is estimated to require 2,300,000 limestone blocks weighing an average of 2.5 tons.

How were the pyramids built in Egypt?

The technology of building pyramids is controversial in our time. Versions range from the invention of concrete in Ancient Egypt to the construction of pyramids by aliens. But it is still believed that the pyramids were built by man exclusively by his own strength. So for the extraction of stone blocks, first a shape was outlined in the rock, grooves were hollowed out and a dry tree was inserted into them. Later, the tree was doused with water, it expanded, a crack formed in the rock, and the block was separated. Then it was processed to the desired shape with tools and sent down the river to a construction site.

Pyramid of Heops (Khufu)

The Pyramid of Cheops is part of the complex of the largest Egyptian pyramids located on the Giza plateau. This grandiose structure, together with the pyramids of Khafre and Mikerin, as well as the majestic Sphinx, constitutes the so-called complex of pyramids at Giza. As many scientists believe, the location of the pyramids and the Sphinx inside this complex is by no means accidental, and is due not only to the desire of the ancient builders to create an integral composition of these grandiose structures.

One of the earliest hypotheses considered the Egyptian (and other) pyramids as tombs, hence the names: the chamber of the king (pharaoh) and the chamber of the queen. However, according to many modern Egyptologists, the pyramid of Cheops was never used as a tomb, but had a completely different purpose.

Some Egyptologists believe that the pyramid is a repository of standards of ancient measures and weights, as well as a model of the known linear and temporal measurements that are characteristic of the Earth and are based on the principle of rotation of the polar axis. It is believed to be confirmed that the one (or those) who led the construction of the pyramid possessed absolutely accurate knowledge of such things that were discovered by humanity much later. These include: circumference the globe, the longitude of the year, the average value of the Earth's orbit as it rotates around the Sun, the specific density of the globe, the acceleration of gravity, the speed of light, and much more. And all this knowledge, one way or another, is supposedly in the pyramid.

It is believed that the pyramid is a kind of calendar. It is almost proven that it serves as both a theodolite and a compass, and of such precision that the most modern compasses can be checked against it.

Another hypothesis believes that not only in the parameters of the pyramid itself, but also in its individual structures, there are many important mathematical quantities and ratios, for example, the number "pi", and the parameters of the king's chamber combine "sacred" triangles with sides 3-4-5 ... It is believed that the angles and slopes of the pyramid reflect the most modern understanding of trigonometric values, and the contours of the pyramid with practical accuracy include the proportions of the "golden ratio".

There is a hypothesis that considers the Cheops pyramid as an astronomical observatory, and according to another hypothesis, the Great Pyramid was used for initiation into the highest levels of secret knowledge, as well as for storing this knowledge. At the same time, a person dedicated to secret knowledge, was located in the sarcophagus.

The official theory is that the architect of the Great Pyramid is Hemiun, the vizier and nephew of Cheops. He also bore the title "Manager of all Pharaoh's construction sites." Construction under his leadership lasted twenty years and ended around 2540 BC. NS. In Egypt, the date of the beginning of the construction of the pyramid of Cheops is officially established and celebrated - August 23, 2470 BC. NS.

However, there are other assumptions as well. Thus, the Arab historian Ibrahim bin ibn Wassuff Shah believed that the pyramids of Giza were erected by an antediluvian king named Saurid. Abu Zeid el Bahi writes about a certain inscription, which says that The great pyramid Cheops was built about 73,000 years ago. Ibn Batuta claimed (and not only he) that the pyramids were built by Hermes Trismegistus, etc. Very interesting is the hypothesis of the Russian scientist Sergei Proskuryakov, who believes that the pyramids were built by Aliens from Sirius and that the architect Hemiun was from Sirius himself. Vladimir Babanin also believes that the pyramids were built by Aliens from Sirius, and possibly from Dessa of the Cygnus constellation in time immemorial, but during the time of Cheops, the pyramids were restored.

The version seems logical that in any case the Pyramids were erected after the pole shift occurred on the Earth, otherwise it would be impossible to orient the Pyramids with such incredible accuracy with which they are located today.

Initially, the height of the Cheops pyramid was 146.6 meters, but time mercilessly dissolved 7 meters and 85 centimeters of this magnificent structure. Simple calculations will show that now the pyramid has a height of 138 meters and 75 centimeters.

The perimeter of the pyramid is 922 meters, the base area is 53,000 square meters (comparable to the area of ​​10 football fields). Scientists have calculated the total weight of the pyramid, which was more than 5 million tons.

The pyramid is made up of over 2.2 million large stone blocks of limestone, granite and basalt, each weighing about 2.5 tons on average. There are 210 rows of blocks in the pyramid. The heaviest block weighs about 15 tons. The base is a rocky elevation, the height of which is 9 meters. Initially, the surface of the pyramid was a smooth surface, since was covered with a special material.

The entrance to the pyramid is at a height of 15.63 meters on the north side. The entrance is formed by stone slabs laid in the form of an arch. This entrance to the pyramid was sealed with a granite plug.

Today tourists enter the pyramid through a 17m breach made in 820 by Caliph Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun. He hoped to find there the untold treasures of the pharaoh, but found there only a layer of dust half a cubit thick.

Inside the Cheops pyramid there are three burial chambers, one above the other.

As the sun moves around the pyramid, you can notice the unevenness of the walls - the concavity of the central part of the walls. This may be due to erosion or damage from falling stone cladding. It is also possible that this was done on purpose during construction.