Determine the coordinates of sydney latitude and longitude. Geographic location and coordinates of Sydney

Sydney(English Sydney, pronounced [ˈsɪdni]) - the largest and most Old city Australia has an area of ​​12,144.6 km², with a population of 5,131,326 as of June 2017. Sydney is the state capital. The city was founded in 1788 by Arthur Phillip, who arrived here at the head Of the first fleet, and was the site of the first colonial European settlement in Australia. The city was named by the colonists in honor of Lord Sydney, who was at that time the Minister of the Colonies.

Sydney is located on the southeast coast of Australia. The settlement was built on the shores of a small round bay - Sydney (eng. Sydney cove), located in the middle part of the extended bay of Sydney Harbor - the southern branch of the Bay (harbor) of Port Jackson, separated by a narrow strait (~ 1 km) from the Tasman Sea. Later, the city was built south of Sydney Harbor (it is up to 20 km long, 1 to 3 km wide and up to 50 m deep), and then around it. This is why Sydney is often referred to as The Harbor City.

Over time, city buildings completely covered Port Jackson Bay, which includes three bays - Sydney Harbor, Middle Harbor and North Harbor. Currently, Sydney has grown even more and includes the Botany Bay located to the south of the Tasman Sea, on the northern shore of which is located international Airport them. Kingsford Smith.

The city of Sydney is famous for its opera house, Harbor Bridge and its beaches. Residential areas of Greater Sydney are surrounded by national parks. The coastline (both external "sea" and intracity) is extremely indented. It abounds in numerous bays, coves, islands and beaches.

According to the 1999 classification of the University of Lowborough, the city belongs to the category of beta-class cities. Sydney has been home to numerous international political and sporting events such as the 1938 British Empire Games, the 2000 Olympics, and the 2003 Rugby World Cup. In September 2007, a meeting of the leaders of the APEC countries took place in Sydney, and in July 2008, International Youth Day was held here.

Sydney is one of the most multicultural and multicultural cities in the world due to the fact that the city is the main residence for immigrants arriving permanently in Australia. According to the Mercer study, Sydney ranks first in Australia for the cost of living and 66th in the world for this indicator.

History

Modern research based on radioisotope analysis indicates that the indigenous people of Australia, the aborigines, first came to the area in which Sydney is now located about 30,000 years ago. The natives who inhabited this area belonged to the kadigal group. Before the arrival of the Europeans here, they belonged to the territory located south of Port Jackson Bay, where today they are located central areas cities. Although the exact number of Aboriginal people who lived in this area before the arrival of Europeans is difficult to name, it is assumed that there were 4,000-8,000 people.

In 1770, James Cook, during his first round the world expedition, sailing from New Zealand to the west, discovered a new land, which he named New South Wales. Moving north along the coast, he landed on the Carnell Peninsula in Botany Bay, named after the botanists Banks and Solander of his expedition. The expedition spent eight days here, surveying the flora, fauna and mapping these places, after which they moved along the coast to the north.

After the American Revolutionary War broke out in 1776, the Americans refused to accept convicts sent to them from Great Britain, and British prisons began to overflow. It was decided by Parliament and the Colonial Secretary Sydney (who was a friend of the botanist Banks) to send prisoner settlers to Botany Bay in order to establish a new British colony there.

Sydney in 1932

The first fleet, organized by the British Navy, of 11 ships and vessels (2 warships - the flagship HMS Sirius, a ten-gun armed merchant ship, 511 tons, and an armed tender HMS Supply 175 tons for a messenger service, 6 transports with prisoners, from 278 up to 452 tons, and 3 supply vessels, from 272 to 378 tons), led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788. On closer inspection of the shores of Botany Bay, this place was found to be insufficiently suitable for the establishment of a new colony, primarily due to the lack of fresh water, salt and exposure to winds. Arthur Phillip personally at HMS Supply surveyed Port Jackson Bay, just 12 kilometers north, which James Cook mapped but did not survey in detail. Upon entering Port Jackson, HMS Supply found it to be a large three-arm bay. Having surveyed the small Northern arm (now it is North Harbor), he then entered the wide southern arm of the bay (now: Sydney Harbor), curved and inaccessible to ocean winds and waves, where he discovered a very convenient round cove.

On January 26, 1788, the entire First Fleet moved from Botany to Port Jackson, and anchored in this small circular cove, later called Sydney cove, located in the middle of the long 20-kilometer Sydney Harbor. ) the branched bay of Port Jackson. Captain Arthur Phillip announced the annexation of New South Wales to Great Britain, the establishment of the first settlement here, and that he was henceforth the first governor of New South Wales. Now this day is Australia's national holiday. Originally it was supposed to name the new settlement Albion however, at the last moment, Arthur Phillip decided to name it after Lord Sydney, then Secretary of Colonial Affairs.

The First Fleet was soon followed by the Second, and then the Third. In essence, they did not differ in any way from the First, since the main purpose of these expeditions was, as in the first case, the transportation of prisoners from British prisons to the newly formed colony (the Second Fleet, however, was noted for the fact that many people died on the way from scurvy and other diseases).

Sydney has long been the main place of exile for prisoners from. Despite the fact that free immigration began to gain momentum beginning in 1815, after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, in 1820 approximately 40% of the population were prisoners.

Shortly after 1789, a severe smallpox epidemic broke out among the Aboriginal people in the immediate vicinity of Sydney, as a result of which thousands of them died.

Political caricature. It depicts Governor Bly as a coward hiding under a bed.

In 1808, the so-called Rum Riot took place in Sydney. It was prompted by an attempt by the Governor of New South Wales, William Bligh, who became famous as one of the main participants in the events associated with the mutiny on the Bounty, to break the monopoly of the officers of the NSW Corps on alcohol. Using unlimited power in the colonies, the officers turned the inhabitants into almost slaves, using alcohol instead of money when paying for goods and services. After lengthy debate and negotiations, the confrontation turned into open confrontation, which led to the arrest and removal from the post of Governor Bligh. This rebellion was the only example of a successful armed seizure of power in Australia. After the arrival of new military contingents in Sydney, the Corps was disbanded, the officers involved in the riot were punished. However, Governor Bligh was also removed from his post and replaced by the more liberal Lachlan Macquarie.

Geography

Topography

Sydney's urban areas are located in the coastal valley, which is bounded in the east by the Pacific Ocean, the Blue Mountains in the west, the Hawkesbury River in the north and the Royal National Park in the south. The coastline is cut by numerous bays and bays, which were formed as a result of the fact that as the climate warmed at the end of the ice age and the level of the World Ocean rose, the water flooded the coastal river valleys and gorges of low mountains. Port Jackson Bay, which includes Sydney Harbor, is such a formation and is the largest natural bay in the world. There are approximately 70 small bays and beaches in the city's residential areas, including the famous Bondi Beach in the southern part of the city and Manly beaches in the north. The area of ​​residential areas of the city in 2001 was 1687 km². However, the Sydney Bureau of Statistics uses a much larger area in its calculations, including the Blue Mountains, the Central Waterfront and the surrounding area. National parks... Thus, the total area of ​​Greater Sydney is 12,145 km².

Panorama of Port Jackson Bay and Sydney from a cruise ship

Geographically, Sydney is located between two regions: the Cumberland Plain, a relatively flat area south and west of the Bay and Hornsby Plateau, located north of the city. The city's oldest historic districts are on the southern shore of Port Jackson Bay. The northern coast began to develop much later due to its more mountainous terrain and the lack of easy access here at the initial period of the city's development. The main connections to the north coast of Sydney Harbor and the outlying points of Port Jackson Bay were then (and still continues) by ferries from the city's central dock. It is called "Circular Quay" - translated as "Circular Wharf" or "Circular Wharf" and is located on the banks of the historic Sydney Bay, from which the development of the city began. The situation with the development of the northern areas of the city changed dramatically only after 1932, when the construction of the Harbor Bridge was completed.

Panorama from Sydney TV Tower

Climate

Sydney is located in a zone of subtropical oceanic climate with moderately hot summers and moderately warm winters. The amount of precipitation falling in the city is distributed throughout the year with an advantage in the winter months. The climate is more even in areas of the city immediately adjacent to the ocean, but more extreme temperature spikes are often observed in the western areas of the city, located deeper in mainland Australia. The warmest month is January with an average air temperature of 16.6-25.8 ° C and an average number of days with an air temperature of over 30 ° C - 14.6. The absolute temperature record was recorded on January 18, 2013 during a heat wave in Australia, the air temperature was 45.8 ° C, in the suburbs up to 47 ° C. The intense heat was brought by a strong hot west wind for several hours, which, together with the sun, warmed the city by 24 ° C in a few hours. At the same time, the next day the wind changed to the opposite, and the temperature did not rise above 22 ° C. Winter temperatures rarely drop below 5 ° C in coastal areas... The coldest month is July with an average daily temperature of 8-16.2 ° C. The record low temperature was recorded in Sydney at 2.1 ° C.

Precipitation is distributed more or less evenly throughout the year, with some predominance in the first months of the year, when the east winds determine the weather in the city. Average annual rainfall in Sydney is 1217 mm, the average number of rainy days per year - 138. Snowfall was recorded in the city center for the last time in 1836. However, the snow pellet that fell in the city in 2008, which is sometimes mistaken for snow, makes one think that the phenomenon of 1836 could have been the same and there was no snow. In 1947, a hailstorm took place in Sydney, which affected more than 1,000 people.

Although Sydney is not heavily affected by cyclones, El Niño plays a large role in shaping the city's climate. Depending on the phase, this phenomenon can, on the one hand, cause droughts and forest fires, on the other hand, it provokes storms and floods. Many urban areas that are located in close proximity to forests and bush are in immediate danger of forest fires. Fires were especially severe near the city in 1994 and also in 2001-2002. Spring and summer are especially fire hazardous. The city often experiences strong hail and strong gale winds. One of the strongest hailstones fell on the territory of the city in 1999. He caused significant damage to the central and eastern regions of Sydney. During this storm, individual ice floes falling from the sky reached the size of about 9 centimeters in diameter. This led to damage, estimated by insurance companies at about $ 1.7 billion.

Sydney is prone to flooding, which occurs as a result of heavy rains that fall in the city mainly during the winter and spring. Heavy rainfall during this period, in turn, is caused by the passage of a low pressure area over the territories of eastern Australia. In addition to heavy rainfall, the weather during this period is characterized by strong winds and frequent storms at sea. The worst flooding occurred in Sydney on August 6, 1986, when 327.6 millimeters of rain fell on the city over 24 hours. This flood paralyzed traffic in parts of the city and also damaged many buildings.

The period between 2002 and 2005 was characterized by the hottest summer months since observations began in 1859, according to the Australian Meteorological Bureau. In 2004, the average maximum daytime temperatures were 23.39 ° C, in 2005 - 23.35 ° C, in 2002 - 22.91 ° ​​C, in 2003 - 22.65 ° C. Between 1859 and 2004, the average daily maximum temperature was 21.6 ° C. Since November 2003, there have been only two months in Sydney when the average maximum daily temperature was below the average for the period: March 2005 (1 ° C below average) and June 2006 (0.7 ° C). However, according to the Bureau, the summer of 2007/08 was one of the coldest on record. According to this data, the summer of 2009/10 was the coldest in 11 years and also the wettest in 6 years. This was only the third summer in history when daytime temperatures did not rise above 31 ° C.

Architecture

Architecturally, Sydney combines downtown apartment buildings and a large private sector with colonial houses with verandas Around him.

The Sydney Opera House is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

City government

New South Wales Parliament Building. The state government controls life in Sydney

Sydney has never had a common city government body, on the contrary, the city is divided into local government areas (prefectural districts) - councils subordinate to local government (local government areas)... The elected councils of these counties are empowered by the NSW government and have responsibilities ranging from garbage collection to local planning. Counties, in turn, are divided into districts - suburbs... Each district elects its own mayor.

Sydney City Hall - Sydney County City Hall

Mayor of one of the oldest counties in the city, the Sydney metropolitan area - City of sydney, called the Lord Mayor of Sydney - Lord mayor of sydney, but is responsible only for his district. True, in some cases the Lord Mayor may represent the whole of Sydney, for example, during the Olympic Games.

Most of the city's life is controlled by the state government. This includes public transport, main roads, traffic management, police, higher-level kindergarten education, planning for major infrastructure projects.

With the bulk of NSW's population residing in Sydney, the state government has always been reluctant to share power with local governments and even change county boundaries. So, since 1945, the boundaries of the City of Sydney have been changed by the state government at least four times.

Sydney currently has 38 districts:

Sydney Local Government Areas

Population

According to the 2006 census, there were 4,119,190 inhabitants in and around Sydney, while Sydney itself had 3,641,422 inhabitants. Most often, Sydney people reported that they were of Australian, English, Irish, Scottish and Chinese descent. The census also showed that 1.1% of Aboriginal people live in Sydney and 37.7% of the population was born outside Australia. 18.1% of the city's residents are from Asia. The three main sources of immigrants are the UK, China and New Zealand. They are followed by Vietnam, Lebanon, India, Italy and the Philippines. In addition to English, many residents speak at least one other language, most often Chinese (Cantonese or Northern Chinese), Arabic, Greek and Vietnamese. 13,220 people spoke Russian, 156 of them did not answer the question about their level of English. Sydney ranks seventh in the world in terms of the percentage of residents born abroad. The average age of residents is 36 years, 15.4% are over 65, 15.2% have at least a bachelor's degree.

According to the 2011 census, 15 431 people speak Russian, 181 of them did not answer the question about English. 4 391 674 inhabitants lived in the city. 60.9% of them considered themselves Christians, 17.6% - do not adhere to any religion, 7.6% did not answer the question, 4.7% - Muslims, 4.1% - Buddhists, 2.6% - Hindus, 0.9% are Jews and 1.6% are representatives of other religions.

Economy

The most important sectors of the Sydney economy, judged by the number of workers employed in them, are the service sector, trade, manufacturing, health care and utilities. Since the 1980s, the overall labor market situation has changed in such a way that more and more jobs are shifting from manufacturing to services and information technologies... Sydney's economy accounts for approximately 25 percent of the entire Australian economy. The city is home to the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) and the Reserve Bank of Australia, as well as the headquarters of 90 banks and more than half of the country's largest companies. Sydney is Australia's main hub with regional offices international companies(there are about 500 of them). Of the ten largest Australian companies, four are headquartered in Sydney (Caltex Australia, Commonwealth Bank, Westpac and Woolworth). Fox Studios Australia has a large film studio in the city. The Sydney Futures Exchange (SFE) is one of the largest exchanges of its kind in the Australian Pacific region. It is the 12th largest futures exchange in the world and the 19th largest in terms of options turnover. According to a Forbes study, in 2014 Sydney was ranked eighth in the list of the most influential cities in the world in terms of attracted foreign investment, as well as the state of the economy as a whole.

Residents of the city have the highest average per capita income in Australia, at US $ 42,599 per person. As of 2004, the city's unemployment rate was 4.9 percent. According to journal research The economist Sydney is ranked 16th on the list of the most expensive cities in the world. Other studies show that the city ranks 15th in terms of income for its residents. As of September 20, 2007, the average home price in Sydney was the highest among the largest Australian cities at A $ 559,000. Sydney also has the highest average rents in Australia, at A $ 450 per week.

The central part of the city, in addition to a large number of offices, has a huge number of shopping centers, shops and shops. Shopping, numerous cultural and sports events, architecture, historical places and the amazingly beautiful nature of the city attracts numerous tourists here both from Australia and from all over the world. According to statistics, in 2004 the city was visited by 7.8 million Australian tourists and 2.5 million visitors from abroad.

Transport

Anzac Bridge, stretching over Johnson's Bay between Piumont and Glebe Island, just outside the City

Sydney has a widespread road network, as residents of the city make extensive use of cars to get around. There is a system of high-speed roads (motorways), some of which are paid (tollway), some are free (freeway). Major roads are linked into 10 highways (Metroads), which include a 110 km orbital network (Sydney Orbital Network).

Sydney has a well-developed network public transport - bus routes, taxis and trains. Passenger ferries operate in the Gulf of Sydney and the Parramatta River, which flows into the Gulf.

From January 2, 2012, the one-time bus fare in the central part of the city (Multi-1 zone) is: AUD 3.5 (6.1 - "round trip") for adults and 1.7 and 3.0 for children, respectively ... A weekly ticket in the same zone for all types of transport (bus, train, ferry) costs AUD 43 and 21.5 respectively, without limiting the number of trips.

In December 2012, the paper ticket system was abolished and the last ticket machines were dismantled at the end of 2016. The introduced Opal contactless travel card system covered all types of transport. Now it can be used for travel by bus, tram, metro and ferry.

Trains

Double-decker train at the main train station Central Station

The first railway line was opened in 1855 between Sydney and Parramatta. Currently, trains run 20 hours a day over a 2080 km network with 306 stations (including suburban ones). The interval of train traffic is approximately 15 minutes during rush hours, the rest of the time - 30 minutes. In the City and East areas, trains run underground. The transition to electric locomotives began in 1926. At present, the entire city railway fleet is electrified, supply voltage is 1500 V DC. Trains are used by approximately 270 million passengers a year.

Metro

Main article: Sydney subway

On May 26, 2019, Australia's first and only metro with a single line with a length of 36 km and 13 stations opened in Sydney. It connects the suburbs of Rose Hill and Chatswood, as well as the Sydney business center and port.

Buses

Sydney's bus network roughly overlaps with the currently discontinued tram network. The bus number is usually a three-digit number, the first digit of which usually indicates the area of ​​the city where the given route operates. For example, buses numbered 3XX run in the eastern districts of Sydney, and routes 8XX in the southwest. The State Transit Authority (STA), owned by the NSW government, operates Sydney's bus network and passenger ferries. Bus depot both cities have more than 2100 vehicles based in 13 depots.

Ferries

Ferry Dee Wai Dee Why, early 1930s. Harbor Bridge under construction in the background

The history of the first Sydney ferries can be traced back to the time of the arrival of the First Fleet, when already in 1789 a ferry from the Gulf of Sydney sailed up the river to the farming settlements of Parramatta. The first official ferry was built by prisoners and sailed and oared. The journey to Parramatta took about a week. By 1899, the Sydney Ferry Company had become the largest ferry company in the world. But after the opening of the Harbor Bridge on March 19, 1932, the number of passengers dropped sharply from 30 million to 13 million a year.

Ferries parked at Circular Quay

Today, ferries carry about 14 million passengers annually, many of whom travel not only for business, but just for pleasure, especially on weekends. So in 2009-2010, routes leading to the Manly area, famous for its beaches and an aquarium with the world's longest 110-meter underwater tunnel. The last record for selling tickets in one day was recorded on January 2, 2011, when 94,918 tickets were sold, and almost half of them were on the route to Manly. Today the fleet consists of 28 ferries connecting 38 quays in a network, the length of the network is 37 km.

Tram

Trams in Sydney in 1920 near Queen Victoria House at the corner of Druitt and George Streets

The now abolished tram network of Sydney was once the second longest after London in the British Empire and one of the largest in the world. The first horse tram existed from 1861 to 1866. In 1879 steam tram routes appeared. The electrification of the tracks began in 1898 and was largely completed in 1910. The network reached its maximum length in 1923 - 291 km (181 miles). By 1930, the fleet was about 1600 cars, the maximum number of passengers was transported in 1945 - 405 million. Increasing competition from private cars and buses, as well as traffic jams, have led to the gradual closure of routes. The last tram passed through Sydney in 1961. In some places, rails are still preserved, but the old trams run only along a short 3.5-kilometer path from the tram museum deep into the Royal National Park.

More than 30 years after the last tram route was closed, a new light rail tram route was opened in 1997 Metro light rail(not to be confused with the subway). It was renewed in 2000 and 2014 and now runs from Central Station to the Dulwich Hill area. The route is 12.8 km long with 23 stops, approximately 3.9 million passengers use this route annually. There is a project to build a new line from Central Station through the City to the central ferry pier, Circular Quay, located within walking distance of the Opera House, Royal botanical garden(Royal Botanic Gardens) and other tourist attractions. Construction began in 2015. There is also an idea to lay branches to the University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales.

Major attractions

Sydney Opera House. Night view from Harbor Bridge

Fireworks on Harbor Bridge to mark the closing of the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney

• Sydney Opera House
• The Australian Museum is one of oldest museums Australia, formerly called the Sydney Museum ( The Sydney Museum).
• Power Station Museum Powerhouse Museum), Museum of Science.
• Australian national maritime museum(eng. Australian National Maritime Museum).
• Sydney City Hall.
• Sydney aquarium
• Sydney TV Tower
• Centennial Parklands is a park in Sydney.
• House on Elizabeth Bay.
• Elizabeth's farm.
• Justice & Police Museum
• House of Rose Sidler.
• Homestead Rouse Hill
• House Meroogal
• Susannah Place Museum
• Sydney mint
• Vaucluse House
• Hyde park barracks
• Government house
• Harbor bridge
• Cathedral of the Virgin Mary
• Woolloomooloo Bay Marina
• Darling Harbor
• Bondi Beach
• Taronga Zoo.

Twin cities

Sydney has 6 sister cities:

• , California,
• , Italy

Notes (edit)

1. What "s driving population growth in Australia" s cities?(English) (unavailable link). Australian Bureau of Statistics(24 April 2018). Retrieved July 3, 2018. Archived April 25, 2018.
2. Gorodetskaya I. L., Levashov E. A.// Russian names of residents: Dictionary-reference book. - M.: AST, 2003 .-- S. 263 .-- 363 p. - 5000 copies. - ISBN 5-17-016914-0.
3. According to the Dictionary of Proper Names (by F. L. Ageenko) the stress is on the first syllable, in the Dictionary of Exemplary Russian Stress (by M. A. Shtudiner) both options are acceptable, with the stress on the second syllable being preferred.
4. Macquarie ABC Dictionary. - The Macquarie Library, 2003. - S. 1000. - ISBN 1-876429-37-2.
5. City of Sydney - General Introduction (unspecified) (unavailable link)... Archived March 18, 2011.
6. History of Australia (unspecified) (unavailable link)... Retrieved November 22, 2008. Archived August 25, 2011.
7. Beaverstock, J.V .; Smith, R.G .; Taylor, P.J. Research Bulletin 5: A Roster of World Cities (unspecified) ... Globalization and World Cities. Retrieved 23 November 2008. Archived 25 August 2011.
8. Designing for Diversity: the Multicultural City (unspecified) (unavailable link). 1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings, Sydney... Australian Government Department of Immigration and Citizenship. Retrieved 23 November 2008. Archived 25 August 2011.
9. Cost of living - The world’s most expensive cities (unspecified) ... City Mayors. Retrieved 23 November 2008. Archived 23 August 2011.
10. Macey, Richard Settlers "history rewritten: go back 30,000 years(English). The Sydney Morning Herald(September 15, 2007). Retrieved September 15, 2007.
11. City of Sydney. City of Sydney Indigenous History of Sydney Cove
12. The 10 people Who Shaped Sydney (unspecified) . Fairfax Media... Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved December 21, 2008. Archived August 25, 2011.
13. The harbor city (unspecified) (unavailable link)... Showcase Destinations Sydney, Australia. Retrieved November 24, 2008. Archived August 25, 2011.
14. 2016.0 Census of Population and Housing: Selected Characteristics for Urban Centers, Australia (unspecified)
15. 1217.0.55.001 Glossary of Statistical Geography Terminology, 2003 (unspecified) ... Australian Bureau of Statistics. Date of treatment November 24, 2008.
16. Sydney weather hail, not snow, Aap(27 July 2008). Date of treatment August 11, 2008.
17. The Sydney Hailstorm - 14 April 1999 (unspecified) ... Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved October 5, 2006. Archived August 25, 2011.
18. Rain in Sydney, 1986 (unspecified) ... Archived November 23, 2009. in Australian Climate Extremes, Bureau of Meteorology, accessed 9 September 2006.
19. Cool, cloudy and rainy end to March in Sydney in
20. Sydney has coldest June in 24 years in Sydney Monthly Climate Summary - NSW Regional Office, Bureau of Meteorology, accessed 21 October 2007.
21. Sydney has coolest summer in 11 years in Sydney Climate Summary - NSW Regional Office, Bureau of Meteorology, accessed 25 March 2008.
22. skyscraper 505 George Street will be the tallest residential building in Sydney; 270-meter tower with a total area of ​​about 66 thousand square meters. meters designed by Ingenhoven Architects; will begin to build in 2021, will be finished in 2024.
23. Michael Spens. Sydney. - Oxford University Press, 2003. - (Grove Art Online). (subscription required)
24. 2006 Census Community Profile Series
25. Expanded Community Profile - Sydney _ Sheet X01f
26. 2006 Census QuickStats
27. Australian Census 2006, Ancestry by Region (unspecified) ... Censusdata.abs.gov.au. Date of treatment June 1, 2010. Archived January 14, 2013.
28. When diversity means cultural richness (unspecified) ... Webdiary. Date of treatment June 1, 2010. Archived January 14, 2013.
29. Expanded Community Profile - Sydney _ Sheet X05e
30. Expanded Community Profile - Sydney _ Sheet X05f
31. 2011 Census QuickStats
32. 2011 Census Data - Greater Sydney Community Profile
33. Sydney - Basic Community Profile and Snapshot - 2001 Census (unspecified) (unavailable link)... Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2002. Retrieved 23 November 2008. Archived 25 August 2011.
34. City commerce (unspecified) (unavailable link)... City of Sydney Media Center. Date of treatment November 23, 2008. Archived February 4, 2012.
35. Of the ten largest corporations in Australia (based on revenue) (unspecified) ... BRW 1000. Retrieved November 23, 2008. Archived August 20, 2007.
36. Overview (unspecified) (unavailable link)... Sydney Futures Exchange website. Retrieved July 3, 2006. Archived December 30, 2006.
37. The World's Most Influential Cities 2014] (unspecified) . Economics... Forbes is an American business magazine (2014). Date of treatment August 8, 2014.
38. Sydney Sydney Statistical Division (unspecified) (unavailable link)... Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2005. Retrieved 23 November 2008. Archived 1 June 2008.
39. London is the most expensive city in the world while Swiss cities are home to highest earners (unspecified) . Economics... City Mayors (2007). Retrieved 23 November 2008. Archived 25 August 2011.
40. Still strong confidence in the housing market (unspecified) (unavailable link)... Press Release. Retrieved 23 November 2008. Archived 19 July 2008.
41. Tourism Data Card - Forecasts, Economic Impacts and selected Regional Data - 2004 (unspecified) (PDF) (unavailable link)... Tourism NSW. 2004. Retrieved 23 November 2008. Archived 22 May 2006.
42. City of Sydney: Sister City

Links

• Dictionary of Sydney - the history of Sydney
• Sydney Official History Archives
• State Records New South Wales
• National Archives of Australia
• Understanding Society Through its Records - John Curtin Library (unspecified) (unavailable link)... Archived May 2, 2015.
• Directory of Archives in Australia

Latitude: 33 ° 52′04 ″ S
Longitude: 151 ° 12′26 ″ E
Elevation: 58 m

Coordinates of Sydney in decimal degrees

Latitude: -33.8678500 °
Longitude: 151.2073200 °

Coordinates of Sydney in degrees and decimal minutes

Latitude: 33 ° 52.071 ′ S
Longitude: 151 ° 12.4392 ′ E

All coordinates are given in the world coordinate system WGS 84.
WGS 84 is used in a satellite-based global positioning and navigation system (GPS).
Coordinates (latitude and longitude) define the position of a point on the Earth's surface. Coordinates are angular values. The canonical form of representing coordinates is degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use the representation of coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes either in decimal degrees.
Latitude ranges from -90 ° to 90 °. 0 ° - latitude of the equator; −90 ° - latitude of the South Pole; 90 ° is the latitude of the North Pole. Positive values ​​correspond to northern latitude (points north of the equator, abbreviated N or N); negative - southern latitude (points south of the equator, abbreviated S or S).
Longitude is measured from the prime meridian (IERS Reference Meridian in the WGS 84 system) and ranges from −180 ° to 180 °. Positive values ​​correspond to east longitude (abbreviated as E or E); negative - west longitude (abbreviated W or W).
Altitude indicates the height of a point relative to the reference sea level. We use a digital elevation model

Where is the city of Sydney? What continent is it located on? And what are the exact coordinates of Sydney? You will find the answers to all these questions in our article.

Sydney: the main features of the geographical location

Sydney is a large cosmopolitan city, the main financial and Cultural Center Australia. It was founded at the end of the 18th century by the Englishman Arthur Phillip as the first colonial settlement of Europeans on the southern mainland. Sydney is located on the Pacific Ocean, surrounded by national nature reserves. The city is famous for its beautiful parks, gardens and beaches.

Sydney is located on the southeast coast of the country, on the shores of Port Jackson Bay. Urban neighborhoods and residential areas are located between the Pacific Ocean on one side and the Blue Mountains on the other. The coastline within the city is generously indented with small coves and harbors. The total area of ​​the so-called Greater Sydney is about 12 thousand square kilometers.

Sydney has a well-developed expressway network. In addition, the city has excellent rail and bus connections. The areas located on different shores of the bay are connected by ferry crossings.

Sydney: 8 interesting facts

• According to the results of a large-scale poll conducted by Forbes magazine in 2010, Sydney was included in the TOP-12 of the most beautiful cities in the world.
• Sydney is one of the most expensive cities in the world.
• The air temperature in this city has never dropped below +2 degrees Celsius.
• Every year a fashion show is held here with the participation of ... ducks!
• Every third Sydney resident is a foreign immigrant.
• For a long time, Melbourne and Sydney could not decide which of them would become the capital of Australia. This long-term dispute was resolved in an original way: in 1905, the country's authorities built from scratch new town- Canberra.
• The famous organ has over 10 thousand pipes. Moreover, each of them has its own name.
• If you add up all the hemispheres of the Sydney Theater, you get a perfect ball.

What are the coordinates of Sydney? Where exactly is this city located on the map? More on this later.

Sydney Geographic coordinates

There are very few cities in Australia with a population exceeding one million. Sydney is the largest locality of this island nation... It is home to nearly five million people. The table below shows the geographical coordinates of Sydney. They will help determine the exact location of the city on the map.

Thus, Sydney is located in the Southern and Eastern Hemispheres of the Earth, 3750 kilometers south of the equator. The city is in the tenth time zone (UTC + 10). The time difference with Moscow is eight hours. Average height Sydney above sea level - 58 meters.

Australia, Sydney

On this page you can find out the geographical coordinates of Sydney (Australia) in all existing formats: in decimal degrees, in degrees and decimal minutes, in degrees, minutes and seconds. This information will be useful for travelers, sailors, tourists, pupils and students, teachers and professors, and for all other people who, for whatever reason, need to know the geographical coordinates of Sydney.

So, below are the geographical coordinates of Sydney in different formats, as well as the height of Sydney above sea level.

Sydney city

Coordinates of Sydney in decimal degrees

Latitude:-33.8678500 °
Longitude: 151.2073200 °

Coordinates of Sydney in degrees and decimal minutes

Coordinates of Sydney in degrees, minutes and seconds

About the coordinate system

All coordinates on this site are given in the world coordinate system WGS 84. WGS 84 (English World Geodetic System 1984) is the world system of geodetic parameters of the Earth in 1984, which includes the system of geocentric coordinates. Unlike local systems, WGS 84 is a single system for the entire planet. The predecessors of WGS 84 were the systems WGS 72, WGS 66 and WGS 60. WGS 84 determines coordinates relative to the center of mass of the Earth, the error is less than 2 cm. east of the Greenwich meridian. An ellipsoid with a larger radius - 6,378,137 m (equatorial) and a smaller one - 6,356,752.3142 m (polar) was taken as a basis. Practical implementation is identical to the ITRF reference framework. WGS 84 is used in a satellite-based global positioning and navigation system (GPS).

Coordinates (latitude and longitude) define the position of a point on the Earth's surface. Coordinates are angular values. The canonical form of representing coordinates is degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use the representation of coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes or in decimal degrees. Latitude ranges from -90 ° to 90 °. 0 ° - latitude of the equator; −90 ° - latitude of the South Pole; 90 ° is the latitude of the North Pole. Positive values ​​correspond to northern latitude (points north of the equator, abbreviated N or N); negative - southern latitude (points south of the equator, abbreviated S or S). Longitude is measured from the prime meridian (IERS Reference Meridian in the WGS 84 system) and ranges from −180 ° to 180 °. Positive values ​​correspond to east longitude (abbreviated as E or E); negative - west longitude (abbreviated W or W).