Zoning of the Crimea. Crimea map

The Crimean Peninsula is located in the northern part of the Black Sea. A satellite map of Crimea shows that from the north-east the area of the peninsula is washed by the Sea of Azov.
The most high point The region is considered to be the Roman-Kosh mountain, which is 1.5 thousand meters high.
Crimea is connected with the mainland by a small Isthmus of Perekop.

There are three different types of relief on the territory: mountainous part, area of hilly plains and plains.
Yandex maps of Crimea clearly demonstrate that the vast territory of the peninsula is crossed by more than 250 waterways. There are also a large number of salt lakes in the region. The most famous and big lake- this is Sasyk-Sivash.

The Salgir is considered the longest river. On the territory of Crimea, more than 150 nature reserves... The region has the richest recreational resources.

Central regions of Crimea

All cities in the region are linked by bus routes... Also, areas on the map of Crimea have a trolleybus service. There are sea routes in the region. In Kerch, there is a ferry crossing, through which passengers and goods are moved to the peninsula from the Krasnodar Territory.

Bakhchisaray region mainly has mountainous relief... The area is famous for ancient monuments: ancient cave settlements on mountain plateaus. Also on this territory there is a reserve Grand canyon and various reserves.

A map of Crimea by areas in the east of the peninsula will help you find the Kirovsky district. The most important attractions of this part of the region are Old Crimea... In the east of the district is the Feodosiya reservoir and Lake Achi.

Mining is represented by the following materials: gravel, clays and limestone. In the economy, the main place is given to agriculture... There are state-owned factories and large farms in the region.

On the shores of the Karkinitsky Bay, using the map of the Crimea, you can find the Razdolnensky district. Numerous natural resources are concentrated on its territory: healing mud on the Bakalskoye lake, hydrogen sulfide springs, as well as favorable for treatment climatic conditions... Cereals, melons and vegetable crops are grown on the fertile soils of the region. This area is considered a resort area.

A map of Crimea with villages shows where the Black Sea region is located, which is located on the Tarkhankut peninsula. The region produces such minerals as shell rock, natural gas and limestone. Resort area the area is famous budget vacation... There are industrial organizations and agricultural enterprises on the territory.

Crimea map with cities and villages

Find and Explore famous cities the peninsula will allow a map of Crimea with cities and villages:

Simferopol is considered the capital of the region and an important industrial center. On its territory there are many food factories and companies: a dairy, a confectionery factory, a pasta factory, as well as a cognac factory.
Sevastopol is a federal city. It houses the Russian fleet.
Kerch is a small town on the shore of the Kerch Strait. It is in this settlement that the ferry crossing is located. This is one of the oldest cities, which has preserved many ancient architectural monuments.
A detailed road map of Crimea will lead to Evpatoria. The city is located on the shores of the Kalamitsky Gulf. On its territory there is an extended sanatorium-resort area, as well as Old city with a zone of old buildings. Evpatoria is famous for a large number of medicinal natural resources: mineral water, brine and healing mud. In the vicinity of the city there are famous lakes: Moinakskoe, Sasyk and others.
Feodosia is a transport hub where automobile, water and railway routes... The resort industry is considered the basis of the economy. There are beach areas on the territory of the city, mineral springs and a variety of sanatoriums.
Yalta is one of the most famous resorts peninsula.

Economy and industry of Crimea

With a map of Crimea with settlements, you can find all the enterprises of the city. The main industries in the region are industry, tourism, construction and agriculture.
Scientific centers of various profiles are located on the peninsula. In the southern part there is an astrophysical observatory.

The bulk of industrial production is in processing plants.
A detailed map of Crimea will help to study the facilities of the peninsula's economy. The most important industries in the region include: chemical, food, engineering and construction.
Grain farming is developed on the peninsula. It also produces wool, milk and meat.

In Crimea, there are more than 700 sanatoriums and large hotels.
The Crimean peninsula is distinguished by the richest recreational resources.

It is important to know that the Crimean coasts sometimes warm up to fifty degrees Celsius, so diseases such as cystitis, chronic colds should be treated with caution so as not to get burns. Sitting or lying on stones or sand, for several minutes, you can cure not only gynecological and urological diseases, but also problems with the lumbar spine and spine.
Of course, the pricing policy for rest on the Black Sea coast also differs in the level of service depending on the area and other factors. Many vacationers get to the Crimean coast in their cars and stay in personal tents, this extreme is also to the liking of lovers of freedom, so the cost of the rest is exactly as much as they have planned for themselves. It should be noted that the closer to the sea to select a place to stay during the holidays, the higher the cost of living in hotels, or in private houses will be higher. A diverse array of all kinds of attractions and excursions are offered as locals and professional guides in Crimea. An unforgettable event for tourists can be visits to the Crimean waterfalls, lakes of extraordinary purity and beauty, indicated on the administrative map. Everything on this peninsula disposes to romance and great mood. Many restaurants and cozy cafes will surprise you with perfectly prepared dishes and the freshest drinks.

During the period from 1783 to 1917, the ATD of the Crimea was transformed into the Tauride province Russian Empire... Since the end of 1920, after the final consolidation of Soviet power in Crimea, the closest to modern changes in the structure and composition of the ATD of Crimea began.

After the end of the Great Patriotic War in June 1945, the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed the Crimean Region. At that time, it consisted of 32 ATUs (26 districts and 6 cities of regional significance).

Since 1948, the process of consolidation of the administrative-territorial division of Crimea was under way. By December 1962, the Crimean region consisted of only 10 rural areas: Alushta, Bakhchisarai, Belogorsk, Dzhankoy, Evpatoria, Krasnogvardeisky and Krasnoperekopsky, Leninsky, Nizhnegorsky and Chernomorsky (Figure 2). The city councils of regional subordination were Yalta and Feodosia, and since 1964 - Alushta. In addition to them, the regional council was subordinate to the cities of Simferopol, Kerch, Evpatoria and Dzhankoy.

Figure 2. - Administrative-territorial division of the Crimean region, 1962

In 1963, the Evpatoria region was renamed Saki. In 1964, the Alushta region was liquidated, and Alushta became a city of regional subordination.

In 1965, rural areas were replaced by districts, Kirovsky, Razdolnensky and Simferopol districts... In 1966, Pervomaisky and Sovetsky districts were allocated. In 1979, the city of Saki received the status of a city of regional subordination, and the Sudak region was also formed.

In 1993 Armyansk received the status of a city of republican subordination. And in 1994 Crimea became the Autonomous Republic. From that moment on, the modern administrative-territorial division of Crimea was fixed.

As part of Ukraine, being an Autonomous Republic, Crimea had the following administrative-territorial division (Figure 3). The ARC consisted of 25 regions:

· 14 districts with a predominantly rural population and a center that is an urban-type settlement (which had the status of an urban settlement);
· 11 territories subordinated to city councils of cities of republican subordination with a predominantly urban population and a center in a city of republican significance.

The ARC included the following districts: Bakhchisaraisky, Belogorsky, Dzhankoysky, Kirovsky, Leninsky, Krasnogvardeisky, Krasnoperekopsky, Nizhnegorsky, Sovetsky, Saki, Pervomaisky, Razdolnensky, Simferopol, Chernomorsky districts. And the following territories subordinated to city councils: Alushta, Armenian, Dzhankoy, Evpatoria, Kerch, Krasnoperekop, Saki, Simferopol, Sudak, Feodosia, Yalta city councils.

Figure 3. - Administrative divisions of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (2013)

In connection with the annexation of Crimea to Russian Federation as its full-fledged subject, ADT has undergone some changes related to the already existing legislative framework of Russia in this area.

According to the Law of the Republic of Crimea dated June 6, 2014 No. 18-ЗРК "On the administrative-territorial structure of the Republic of Crimea" Article 2, the administrative-territorial structure of the Republic of Kazakhstan is carried out on the following principles:

· Taking into account the historically established settlement system in the Republic of Crimea and the trends of its development;
· Independent determination within its own jurisdiction of the administrative-territorial structure of the Republic of Crimea;
· Territorial integrity of the Republic of Crimea;
· Optimization of the system of public administration and local self-government, balanced development of territories;
· Taking into account the opinion of the population, the level of integration of territories, industrial, economic, social and cultural ties;
· Creation of conditions for the protection of the interests of ethnic groups in places of compact residence.

According to article 5, the following categories and types of settlements are established in the Republic of Crimea:

· Settlements, depending on the size of the population, the degree of improvement and development of social, industrial, transport and other infrastructure, the nature of employment of the majority of the population, historical features, belong to the category of urban or rural settlements.

Urban settlements include the following types of settlements:

Rural settlements include the following types of settlements:

· settlement;
· village;
· The village.

Article 6 presents the types and list of administrative-territorial units:

1. The administrative-territorial units of the Republic of Crimea are cities of republican significance and regions.

A city of republican significance may consist of districts within a city.

2. The Republic of Crimea consists of the following administrative-territorial entities:
1) the city of republican significance Simferopol with its subordinate territory;
2) the city of republican significance Alushta with its subordinate territory;
3) the city of republican significance Armyansk with its subordinate territory;
4) the city of republican significance Dzhankoy with its subordinate territory;
5) the city of republican significance Evpatoria with its subordinate territory;
6) the city of republican significance Kerch with its subordinate territory;
7) the city of republican significance Krasnoperekopsk with its subordinate territory;
8) the city of republican significance Saki with its subordinate territory;
9) the city of republican significance Sudak with its subordinate territory;
10) the city of republican significance Feodosia with its subordinate territory;
11) the city of republican significance Yalta with its subordinate territory;
12) Bakhchisarai region;
13) Belogorsk district;
14) Dzhankoy region;
15) Kirovsky district;
16) Krasnogvardeisky district;
17) Krasnoperekopsky district;
18) Leninsky district;
19) Nizhnegorsk region;
20) Pervomaisky district;
21) Razdolnensky district;
22) Saki district;
23) Simferopol region;
24) Sovetsky District;
25) Black Sea region.

That is, there have been some qualitative changes in the ADT. The adjacent territories of cities of republican significance with settlements located on them became urban districts (municipalities). Urban-type settlements, which previously had the status of urban settlements, were transformed into rural settlements, which in turn led to a reduction in the overall level of urbanization in the Republic of Crimea.

Most of the territory of the peninsula is the North Crimean Plain. On Kerch Peninsula- in the easternmost part of Crimea - hilly plains are located, having a little O the greatest height above sea level. The southern part of the peninsula, bordering the Black Sea, is the so-called Mountain Crimea.

The Crimean ridge is part of the Alpine fold. High mountain ranges here are interspersed with longitudinal plains, in which are located the main tourist cities on the map of Crimea with the regions - Yalta, Sudak, Koktebel, Gurzuf and others.

How to get to the Crimea peninsula

On satellite map Crimea, you can see that the peninsula has a developed system of transport - air, rail, road, sea.

The only civil airport is located in the capital of the republic - the city of Simferopol. It serves about five million passengers annually.

After the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 2014, the railway communication with the peninsula, which went through the territory of Ukraine, was terminated. Now the construction of a bridge across the Kerch Strait is underway, which will connect Crimea with the mainland by rail and road.

In the meantime, the ferry crossing this strait remains an important transport artery. It serves almost as many passengers annually as the airport does.

An extensive network runs through the territory of the peninsula highways, which connect the main tourist centers - Kerch, Simferopol, Sevastopol, Bakhchisaray, beach towns on the coast.

In addition, the longest trolleybus line in the world is located in Crimea, connecting Simferopol with the resorts of the South Coast. The length of this line is almost 100 kilometers.

Crimea on the map of Russia with cities and towns

The Crimean Peninsula occupies an outstanding place on the map of Russia. The resorts of the South Coast and other tourist areas of the peninsula are visited by millions of tourists every year.

The first place in popularity among the Crimean resort cities is rightfully occupied by Yalta, which is called "Russian Nice". The second is the hero city of Sevastopol. Feodosia, a resort on the east coast, closes the top three. The top five also include Alushta and Evpatoria.

Crimea is large tourist centre The Black Sea. The territory of the peninsula is divided between two administrative entities: the republic of the same name and the Sevastopol city council.

Relatively recently, Crimea appeared on the map of Russia - this peninsula became part of our country in March 2014.

Cities and towns of Crimea

Detailed map of Crimea with all roads and routes

The capital of the republic is Simferopol... It has a rich ethnic composition: Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Uzbeks and other nationalities live in it.

There are many resorts of various types on the peninsula, located both on the coast and at some distance from it. As a rule, they are linked to settlements.

Cities resorts of Crimea

Yalta

Yalta is a large resort town on the South Bank. The city is the center of a large agglomeration - Big Yalta, which includes villages Alupka, Livadia, Oreanda, Massandra.

Yalta has the best climatic conditions for treating patients with diseases of the nervous and respiratory systems. The local ecosystem is unique as it was formed under the influence of both mountain and coastal climate.

There are many historical and architectural sights within the city limits. Among the latter, special attention of tourists is enjoyed by “ bird home "- a structure on a sheer cliff above the sea, outwardly resembling medieval castle... In addition, there are many others in Yalta memorable places, including the Livadia, Vorontsov and Massandra palace complexes.

There is a waterfall outside the city Uchan-Su, the mountains Ayu-Dag and Ai-Petri, Lake Karagol, Cape nature reserve Martyan... Developed transport infrastructure allows you to get to any of these attractions.

Sevastopol

Sevastopol is a large sea port, the base of the Black Sea Fleet. The city is girdled mountain range, which may seem interesting to connoisseurs active rest.

There are many agencies in Sevastopol that are ready to organize diving and windsurfing, horseback riding, travel along the coast on motor boats and sailing yachts.

Simferopol

Simferopol is located far from the coast, however, when traveling to the South Bank, it is almost impossible to bypass this city. Administrative card Crimea designates it as the center of the republic. Considering rich history Simferopol, in and near the city there are many monuments of the past - the Scythian Naples, House Vorontsov, estate Sabers.

There are many museums and galleries, several theaters and a philharmonic society in Simferopol. Near the city there is the Su-Uchkhan waterfall and the adjoining Kizil-Koba cave, which is an ancient karst system with a length of at least 21 kilometers.

Alushta

Moving along mountain track from Simferopol to the south, you can get to Alushta - the second most popular resort on the Crimean Black Sea coast after Yalta. The length of the health and tourist complex of Alushta is about 90 kilometers - this is Big Alushta, located between Partenit and the village of Privetnoye.

Alushta is located in a valley surrounded by mountain peaks Demerdzhi, Eklizi-Burun and Roman-Kosh.

You can see the historical sights of Alushta, including the house-museums of the writers Ivan Shmelev and Sergey Sergeev-Tsensky. Outside the city, there is also the Museum of Nature of the Crimean Reserve, together with an arboretum. There are many attractions and entertainment complexes within walking distance from the coast.

Evpatoria

The city of Evpatoria is located in the western part of the peninsula, among many salt lakes. These are ideal conditions for the operation of balneological hospitals. In addition to the Evpatoria waters, local muds have a healing effect.

The number of sunny days in the city is greater than in Yalta. Bathing season in Evpatoria it starts early, as the shallow Kalamitsky Gulf warms up quickly.

In summer, the Evpatoria coastline is characterized by breezes that provide cool air in warm water.

Near Evpatoria are the resorts of Zaozernoe, Novofedorovka and Nikolaevka. Also, the city is located in close proximity to the Evpatoria group of lakes, including the Sivash and Moinaki reservoirs. There is a water park on the Evpatoria beach.

Alupka

The city of Alupka is located in the place where the Main mountain range Crimean mountains comes closest to sea coast... To get here along the winding serpentines, you need a map of the peninsula. The streets in the city are intricate, many quarters are characterized by the features of mountain settlements. The length of Alupka along the coast is 4.5 kilometers, the Ai-Petri peak rises above the city.

Alupka is a part of the agglomeration Big Yalta... In addition to resorts, Alupka attracts tourists Vorontsov Palace- an architectural monument of the times of the Russian Empire.

Livadia

The settlement of Livadiya is another part of Big Yalta. The village was once used as a summer imperial residence, and in memory of those times, the Livadia Palace has been preserved, nowadays open to tourists.

Also, travelers are interested in Livadia Park, known for a variety of plants and shrubs, as well as for its unusual landscape. This park is the oldest on the coast. To get acquainted with the surroundings of Livadia in more detail, vacationers can use the service of one of the many agencies that organize excursions - however, you can go for a walk on your own.

Oreanda

The village of Oreanda, along with Alupka and Livadia, is a district of Big Yalta. Its distinctive feature is natural landscapes. Fans of active recreation can visit the Krestovaya Gora located near the village and walk along the Tsar's path.

Oreanda is famous for its Golden Beach, which is considered the best in Big Yalta. This beach is a natural stretch of coastline covered with polished pebbles. The local sea air is suitable for treating people with respiratory diseases.

Massandra

Massandra is an eastern suburb of Yalta. Famous wines are produced here: many of the mountain slopes near Massandra are set aside for vineyards. The village has a wine-making plant of the same name, which owns rich collection wines.

In addition to winemaking, Massandra is famous for the palace of Alexander III, as well as Massandra Park.

Bakhchisarai

Bakhchisarai, like Simferopol, is a "continental" resort. Despite the absence of beaches, about half a million tourists visit the city every year. Basically, they are attracted by the medieval atmosphere of the city. In addition, Bakhchisarai has an advantageous geographical position, and is located in the place of an important traffic intersection between Sevastopol and Simferopol.

The main attraction of Bakhchisarai is the Khan's palace. In the vicinity of the city you can see “ cave cities", As well as magnificent natural attractions: locality located between the Inner and Outer ridges of the Crimean mountains.

Kerch

Kerch is the most eastern city peninsula, its "sea gate" for those who travel by ferry. The city is interesting because it is the port of Black and Azov seas, as well as in the immediate vicinity of the Sivash water area. Both seas, as well as the lake, have different hydrological regime, so the conditions for recreation on their coast are different.

In the vicinity of the city prevails steppe landscape... Those who wish, in addition to the beaches, can visit the Melek-Chesmensky Kurgan - an ancient well-preserved burial place, today transformed into a museum.

Old Crimea

This city is located in the east of the peninsula in a place where the steppe, mountains and sea meet. The town is far from the main tourist routes... Nevertheless, the settlement has a developed resort infrastructure, and is suitable for those who wish to spend a vacation in seclusion, away from noisy crowded places of travelers.

There are several galleries and museums in the Old Crimea, including the house-museum of Konstantin Paustovsky, as well as the ethnographic museum of the Crimean Tatars.

Crimea nature

A detailed map of Crimea in Russian allows you to see that according to the type of landscapes the peninsula is divided into two zones: the first, steppe, occupies two-thirds of its territory, and the second, mountain- the remaining space.

The steppe stretches from the northern outskirts of the peninsula to its central part, smoothly turns into hills, and then is replaced by mountainous terrain. There are areas in the mountains that are not inhabited by humans.

The nature of the vegetation cover directly depends on the features of the relief. So, grass grows in the steppes, there are no forests. And vice versa: in mountainous areas, trees predominate, especially with a developed root system, which are firmly attached to the rocks. On the southern coast, relict vegetation is widespread.

Crimea climate and weather

The peninsula is located in three climatic macro-regions, and twenty micro-regions are also distinguished on its territory. Macroregions due to the relief. First macroregion – steppe- located in the northern and eastern part of the peninsula, second – foothill and mountain- in the center and closer to the south, and third – South coast - near the very edge of the Black Sea.

"Domestic" winds near the coast are rare, much more often they blow in the steppe. Air currents from the east and northeast prevail throughout the peninsula, the only exception is Feodosia, which is open to the westerly winds.

As for precipitation, an insufficient level of moisture is observed in the steppe part of the region. Most of the precipitation on the peninsula falls on the northern spurs of the Crimean mountains - more than 1000 mm annually.