Menu compilation Prepare the menu in advance. Be sure to make a grocery list and reread the recipes carefully, paying attention not to the food, but to the utensils, tools, and other materials you need. Advice Any hostess

5. Parts of the rhetorical development of speech Parts (canons) of the rhetorical development of speech were defined in antiquity. Their composition has not undergone significant changes over the centuries. In total, five canons (stages of rhetorical action) are distinguished: 1) finding or

Drawing up a daily routine A good daily routine is the most harmonious combination of physical work and rest, mental work and rest, wakefulness and sleep time, meal times, taking water hardening procedures, performing

Drawing up a layout Many will say: everything that is written above is theory. In practice, no one does that - too much work. Well, this is partly true, but only partly. Of course, going on a one-day walk, you can do without any science without sandwiches and

In general, the design of a tourist service is carried out in the following sequence:

• * establishment of standardized characteristics of the service;
• * the establishment of technologies for the process of serving tourists;
• * development of technological documentation;
• * definition of quality control methods;
• * project analysis;
• * project submission for approval.

The result of the design of a tourist service are technological documents (technological maps, rules, instructions, etc.).

The quality control documentation should establish the forms, methods and organization of control over the implementation of the tourist service process in order to ensure its compliance with the planned characteristics.

Project analysis is the final design stage. It is carried out by representatives of the relevant functional units of the tourism enterprise.

It is aimed at identifying and timely elimination of inconsistencies in the project. The result of the analysis is the updated content of the technological documentation of the tourist enterprise.

The documentation for the designed tourist services and tourist service processes is approved by the head of the tourist enterprise in agreement with the customer.

The development of a specific tourist route is a complex and multi-stage procedure that requires highly qualified developers and is the main element of tourist service technology. This procedure is time-consuming and sometimes takes several months. It ends with the coordination and approval of the route passport. The route passport is used when forming tours.

Route development includes the following main stages:

• * research of tourist resources along the proposed route;
• * marketing of the market for tourist services along this route;
• * determination of the type of route;
• * construction of a sketch model;
• * binding the route to the points of life support;
• * development of a security scheme;
• * development of the route passport;
• * approval of the passport with the relevant services;
• * trial running and making the necessary changes;
• * approval of the route passport.

After the development of the route, agreements (contracts) are concluded with carriers. These can be contracts with airlines, railways, trucking companies and shipping.

In the process of developing the route, there is an intensive correspondence with the host party, the conditions for receiving and servicing tourists, conditions for booking hotels, agreeing on dates of arrival and time of arrival, approval of guides are being negotiated.

The relationship with the host is based on the separation of the services provided. A foreign company provides accommodation, meals, excursions, and sometimes insurance. Russian company - transportation of tourists, insurance, visa processing. The advertising campaign is carried out by a Russian firm using only its own funds, without the help of a partner.

The tour operator himself can conclude contracts with hotels, restaurants, transport organizations, with excursion service bureaus, etc., but such an activity may not be beneficial for him, since it requires a lot of money and time.

The system of relationships between the main actors in the field international tourism legally formalized by contracts.

The agreement on cooperation in the field of international tourism between Russian and foreign companies is based on the division of the services provided between them and includes the following articles:

1. The Subject of the Agreement.

The form of cooperation, the legal framework, relations with third parties, the procedure for drawing up other documents related to the contract are reflected.

2. Obligations of the parties.

This clause stipulates the responsibilities of the sending and receiving parties. The minimum and maximum number of tourists and groups, routes, programs and conditions of service are negotiated.

3. Service documents and the procedure for their use.

This paragraph contains a list of basic documents for tourist services, and briefly tells their content. This clause is necessary to resolve disputes between the parties in the event of unfair performance of an obligation by one or another party.

• 4. Medical care and conditions for its provision.
• 5. Order cancellation procedure.
• 6. Terms of payment.

There are various methods of payment for the provision of tourist services: check, letter of credit, bank transfer, cash payment. Checks and letters of credit are practically not used, although a letter of credit is the most reliable form of securing payment and fulfilling all the terms of the agreement, since the money transferred in advance from the sending party's foreign currency account is kept in the bank and is not issued to the receiving party after the presentation of documents confirming the fulfillment of obligations.

7. Liability for Damage.

This clause stipulates liability for damage to the health and property of the tourist, as well as liability for damage caused by the fault of the tourist.

8. Procedure for resolving disputes.

If it is impossible to reach an agreement, it is carried out by the arbitration court at the location of the defendant.

• 9. Special Conditions.
• 10. Procedure for entry into force, amendment and termination of the contract.
• 11. Legal addresses of the parties.

In our country, thousands of Russian and international tourist routes have been developed and operate with various modes of travel (bus, water, rail, foot, etc.).

Information on these can be obtained from your local tourism authorities, travel agencies and bureaus.

Formation of tours

After the development and approval of the route, they begin to form the tour.

According to GOST R 50681-94 "Tourist and excursion services. Design of tourist services", the design of the tour provides for the coordination of the capabilities of the enterprise carrying out this design with the requests of tourists.

The basis for designing a service is its verbal model ( short description) - a set of requirements identified as a result of market research for services, agreed with the customer and taking into account the capabilities of the service provider.

The design of the process of servicing tourists during the entire tourist trip is carried out at separate stages of the provision of services and with the compulsory drawing up of technological maps for each of them. The result of the design of a tourist service is technological documentation (flow charts, instructions, contracts, rules, regulations, etc.).

When preparing a tour, the tour operator must submit for approval to the management:

• * description of the route, tour program, characteristics of accommodation facilities (addresses, names, accommodation conditions), food conditions;
• * calculation of the tour;
• * data about the country of the tourist trip, about the customs of the local population, shrines, monuments of nature, history, culture and other objects of tourist display, which are under special protection, the state of the natural environment, conditions of currency exchange;
• * safety conditions for tourists on the route;
• * information about the required addresses and telephone numbers (names, surnames of officials, embassies / consulates of Russia);
• * information about the host travel company (phone numbers, addresses, names, the procedure for resolving conflict situations);
• * a sample voucher and a sheet of marks for the voucher (or documents replacing them, agreed with the receiving party);
• * information on the rules of entry into the country (place) of temporary stay there, on customs requirements.

All these requirements are reflected in the following documents, which are approved by the general certification body:

1. Technological map of the route.

When developing a technological route map, the main indicators of the route, places of stay, arrival dates, approximate (expected) number of tourists, a program for serving tourists along the route, a description are determined.

2. Passport of the route.

The route passport is more than detailed description route, includes organizational and legal aspects, regulates the relationship between the tourist company, tourist and the company that has entered into a partnership agreement with the tour operator. It also reflects the conditions of travel insurance.

3. Information sheet.

According to the law "On Protection of Consumer Rights" and "On the Basics of Tourist Activities in the Russian Federation", the tourist must be provided with reliable and full information about the upcoming journey. Therefore, the information sheet must be attached to the set of mandatory documents handed out to the client. It reflects basic information about the host country, the host company, the safety conditions of tourists on the route, the necessary contact numbers for communication with the Russian Embassy, ​​with the host company. It may also contain other documents: a memo-tour program, maps, brochures, etc.

• * accommodation facilities and a set of services provided;
• * living conditions (location, category, level of comfort);
• * nutritional conditions;
• * transfer conditions;
• * tour program;
• * excursion service;
• * the presence of an accompanying guide;
• * additional services.

The document is certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the enterprise. In addition to the information sheet, a memo for the tourist should be developed.

In accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50690-2000, clause 5.7, a tourist reminder must contain information on:

• * rules of entry into the country (s) of temporary stay;
• * conditions of stay;
• * customs regulations;
• * customs of the local population, national and religious peculiarities of the region, religious shrines, monuments of nature, history, culture and other objects of tourist display, which are under special protection;
• * the state of the environment;
• * health risk factors based on climatic and natural conditions;
• * time zone and climatic conditions on the route;
• * the dangers that tourists can meet while traveling;
• * rules of personal safety;
• * travel features;
• * exchange rates and the order of their exchange;
• * car rental rules, road traffic and parking;
• * other useful information.

The document is also certified by the signature of the head and the seal of the enterprise.

An inspector of the implementation of vouchers (manager of a travel company) or the head of a tourist group develops a plan for interviewing tourists leaving for this tour abroad.

The interview should be carried out at the stage of registration of the tourist voucher.

During the conversation, the information, both included in the information sheet, and additional information related to the questions of the buyer of the tour (voucher) should be announced. In general, the content of the interview should include the following information: brief description place of stay (country, city); historical and cultural features; accepted norms of behavior; information about places that tourists are not recommended to visit on their own, about known methods of deception, about the level of prices (food, public transport):

• * on the need to comply with customs regulations;
• * extracts from the legislation of the host country relating to the stay of foreigners on its territory;
• * on the content of medical insurance (what is covered), on the independent liability of a tourist who has not entered into an insurance contract in the event of a sudden illness or accident;
• About possible risk factors for the life and health of a tourist:
• - injury hazard (how to avoid injuries, and what emergency measures should be taken in case of injury, pay attention to swimming in the sea and the pool, independent walks);
• - the impact of the environment (a favorable season for a given trip, about the weather characteristics of the area, about the microclimate indicators in hotels and vehicles - air conditioning, heating, etc.);
• - fire hazard (on the observance of fire safety during living - smoking, using a boiler, etc.);
• - biological factors (about self-nutrition - food poisoning, about poisonous plants, insects and animals found in the region, about carriers of infectious diseases, especially for countries in Africa and Southeast Asia);
• - psychological risk factors (on the creation of conditions for normal life, on the need to comply with the rules of conduct for each tourist in order to prevent incorrect loads for other members of the tourist group);
• - hazardous radiation (on the effects of ultraviolet radiation on humans: warn about the difference in levels of solar radiation in the north and south, about a reasonable time spent on the beach, about measures to prevent heat stroke, sunburn);
• - other risk factors (providing tourists with sufficient information about the tourist services being sold, whether tourists clearly understand what is included in the service program, what is included in the price of the voucher, which services are basic, which are additional);
• - specific risk factors (on the level of professional preparedness of service personnel - escorts, tour guides, on the possibility of disasters and other emergencies, including those related to the state of public order: explain who to contact in such cases as not to create panic);
• - recommendations on the required level of personal physical fitness, health status, age restrictions (elderly people, small children), on the characteristics of individual equipment;
• * on measures to ensure the safety of the tourist's property (on the delivery of valuables for storage, on the loss of keys, baggage receipts, etc.). About where to go in case of loss travel documents or passport;
• * about filing a claim in case of deviations from the service program (submit, while on the route, to the escort of the group, the representative of the receiving party, to the local administration, etc.).

Route catalog

Each referral manager compiles an information catalog, which reflects all information on the route, about the host country, cities, hotel descriptions (rooms, meals, services) and excursions. Usually this is a colorfully designed album in which a client, having come to the company, can and should find everything that may interest him, and the manager, having received regional studies, must provide all the information on emerging questions.

Tour calculation

After the prices for transport have been received, and foreign partners have set the price for their package of services, the tour operator calculates the cost of the tourist voucher. In addition to the cost of the ticket and the package of services of the host company, the cost of the tourist voucher includes overhead costs ( rent, telephone conversations, fax correspondence, the use of information networks, etc.), the profit of the operator company and commissions to firms operating under the agency agreement, as well as taxes attributed to the cost, are pledged. As a result, we get the price at which vouchers for this route will be sold.

Sample voucher

The tourist voucher must be attached to the tourist voucher. According to Article 10 of the Law "On the Basics of Tourist Activity in the Russian Federation" on the basis of a tourist voucher, settlements are made between the tour operator and or the travel agent sending the tourist and the receiving tour operator or persons who have provided specific services.

A voucher is an official document that the sending company issues to individual tourists or a group leader in their hands as confirmation of their right to receive the services listed in it from the receiving company. Upon arrival of tourists at their destination, the voucher is handed over to the host.

Currently, international tourist vouchers are widely used in tourism.

An international travel voucher is a document that combines an ordinary voucher with an official payment document as an integral part of it. It saves a lot of time and cash... The International Travel Voucher is accepted by service businesses around the world and virtually eliminates the need to enter into agreements with each of these businesses separately.

One of the main documents of the package of technological documentation is a contract with a client for travel services (sale of a voucher).

The terms of the agreement include:

• * information about the tour operator (seller), including data on the license for the right to carry out tourist activities, the legal address of the company and bank details;
• * information about the tourist (buyer) in the amount necessary for the sale of the tourist product;
• * information about the tour operator at the reception (partner of the seller), including information about the license, legal address, bank details and contact phones;
• * information on the consumer properties of a tourist product, the program of stay and the route of travel, on the safety conditions of tourists and certification of a tourist product;
• * date and time of the beginning and end of the trip, its duration;
• * the procedure for meeting, seeing off and accompanying tourists;
• * rights, obligations and responsibilities of the parties;
• * retail price of a tourist product and the procedure for its payment;
• * the minimum number of tourists in the group;
• * the term for informing the tourist that the trip will not take place due to the lack of a group;
• * conditions for amendment and termination of the contract, the procedure for the settlement of disputes arising in connection with this and compensation for losses;
• * the procedure and terms for the presentation of claims by the tourist.

Other terms of the contract are determined by agreement of the parties.

All documents are of an official nature, must be signed by the head of the enterprise and have a corporate seal.

The list of possible tourist services provided during a tourist trip is determined and specified in the draft tourist service program.

When developing a tourist service program, the following are determined:

• * travel route;
• * list of tourist enterprises - executors (providers) of services;
• * composition of excursions and sightseeing objects;
• * the period of the provision of services by each enterprise - the service provider;
• * list hiking trips, walks;
• * a set of leisure activities;
• * duration of stay at each point of the route;
• * the number of tourists participating in the trip;
• * types of transport for domestic transport;
• * the need for guides, tour guides, foreign representatives, instructors, translators and others, as well as the need for their training;
• * the required number of vehicles;
• * the procedure for the preparation of advertising and information materials;
• * form of travel description for information sheets for tourist vouchers and their number.

In the tourism business, there are two main types of tours:

• * inclusive tour - a comprehensive service that includes the entire package of tourist services: accommodation, meals, excursion services, transportation, and Additional services: household, sports, fitness, medical, etc .;
• * customized tour - a set of individual tourist services: food, accommodation, excursion services, transport, etc.

An inclusive tour is a tour with a rigid, pre-planned (even before contact with the client) set of services focused on a particular type of recreation or tourism. Its peculiarity is that the tourist pays in advance for the entire list of such services, without taking into account the fact that the tourist may not use it. The composition of services on an inclusive tour does not change during implementation. A tourist must buy such a tour entirely or refuse it altogether.

An inclusive tour can be developed and practically tested even before meeting with the consumers of such a tour. They are organized and offered, as a rule, on popular routes, for example " Classic italy"," Imperial Petersburg and its suburbs ", etc.

Inclusive tours are most often developed for mass group tourism, and therefore enjoy substantial discounts on group services offered by transport and hotel companies, as well as catering and entertainment companies.

After the formation of an inclusive tour, as a rule, it must undergo an experimental implementation, the so-called "run-through". It can be combined with advertising free (or reduced) travel, cruise, etc. According to the results advertising tour the costs are clarified, the rate of return is determined, the price is calculated, the system of discounts is informed.

Thus, the main advantages of inclusive tours are:

• * more low cost compared to a tour where services are purchased separately;
• * the program and cost of the tour are known in advance;
• * the ability to maintain tour statistics;
• * extended opportunities for conducting an advertising campaign for such a tour.

A custom tour expands the possibilities of the tourist in planning his own time, allows him to choose tourist and other services in accordance with his capabilities ("for money") and interests.

When selling custom tours, the formation of the program and the acquisition of the composition of services are made at the request and with the direct participation of the tourist himself. He is offered a choice of different service options for each type of service in the proposed holiday destination.

The services chosen by the tourist are formed into the tour program, the price that the tourist pays when purchasing the product is calculated.

The formation of a tour, both inclusive and custom-made, in its essence is an "assembly" of a number of services and goods into one "shell", called a tour. In addition to the mechanical compilation of such a set, the formation of the tour provides for a feasibility study in order to determine the profitability.

Recently, it has become more and more popular to shape the tour with the help of a computer. Based on the appropriate software in real time, a tour is formed that would satisfy the needs of the client to the maximum extent. In the presence of appropriate agreements with transport companies and the presence of a ticket printing machine, a travel agency can issue a ticket for a tour right in its office, book places in hotels and the whole range of related tourist services.

Grade 9 student Anastasia Taryncheva

Our town Bolgar today is famous tourist town Tatarstan. Places like Bulgarian architectural museum- the reserve, the White Mosque, the Bread Museum, attract not only Russian, but also foreign tourists. But there are places in our area that the average tourist rarely visits. We are in our project, we propose to stay with us longer and visit places associated with the history, architecture and nature of our region.

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State budgetary health-improving educational institution of a sanatorium type for children in need of long-term treatment, "Bulgarian sanatorium boarding school"

Design work on the topic:

"Development tourist route on the historical and natural sights of the Spassky district»

Grade 9 student Anastasia Taryncheva

Supervisor:

Arinina Elena Khasiyatullovna

Geography teacher

Bolgar - 2015

1.Introduction .. …………………………………………………………………………………… 2

2.Project methodology …………………………………………………… ......................... .......... 3

3. Tourism in Spassky District ………………………………………………………………… 4

4. Description of the route. ……………………………………………………………………… ..5

5.Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………… ..8

6.Literature used ………………………………………………………………… ... 9

1. Introduction.

Tourism, as one of the highly profitable sectors of the economy, has been recognized as the economic phenomenon of the century for its rapid pace of development.

In many countries, tourism plays a significant role in the formation of gross domestic product , enhancing the foreign trade balance , providing employment for the population and creating additional jobs, has a positive impact on such key sectors of the economy as transport and communications, construction, Agriculture, culture, art, production of consumer goods and others.

The Republic of Tatarstan, including our Spassky District, has a rich historical and cultural heritage and natural and recreational resources that contribute to both the development of domestic tourism and the reception of foreign citizens. Taking into account the above factors, the tourism sector of the republic should be declared a priority area of ​​the national economy.

Objective of the project:

• To contribute to the further formation of the modern tourism industry on the territory of the Spassky District as one of the leading branches of specialization.

Tasks:

• Collection of information about the recreational resources of the Spassky District
• Development of excursion program in the Spassky district for a few days with a visit to places such as Rabiga - Kul, Suvar, with. Antonovka, Bulgar settlement and others.
• Creation of a presentation "Development of a tourist route around the historical and natural sights of the Spassky region."

2. Methodology of the project.

Creating a new tour on any topic is a complex process.

Preparation of a new excursion goes through several steps:

• Preliminary work - the selection of materials for the future excursion, their study. At the same time, there is a selection of objects on which the excursion will be built.
• The direct development of the excursion itself includes: drawing up an excursion route; processing of actual material; work on the content of the excursion, its main part, consisting of several main questions

1. Determination of the purpose and objectives of the excursion - work on any new excursion begins with a clear definition of its purpose. This helps the authors of the excursion to conduct their work in a more organized way in the future. The purpose of the excursion is what for the sake of which excursionists are shown monuments of history and culture and other objects.
2. Selection of literature and compilation of bibliography - during the development of a new excursion, a list of books, brochures, articles published in newspapers and magazines is compiled that reveal the topic. The purpose of the list is to determine the approximate boundaries of the upcoming work on the study of literary sources, to assist the guides in using the necessary factual and theoretical material when preparing the text.
3. Selection and study of excursion objects - the correct selection of objects, their number, sequence of displaying affect the quality of the excursion. The objects can be:

• memorable places associated with historical events in the life of our city, the development of society and the state;
• buildings and structures, memorial monuments associated with the life and work of prominent personalities;
• natural objects - forests, groves, parks, rivers, lakes, ponds, reserves and reserves;
• archaeological monuments - fortified settlements, ancient sites, settlements, burial mounds, earthen ramparts, sanctuaries, etc .;

To evaluate the objects that are included in the tour, it is recommended to use the following criteria:

Cognitive value - the connection of the object with a specific historical event, with a specific era, life and work of a famous figure of science and culture, the artistic merits of the monument, the possibility of their use in the aesthetic education of the participants of the excursion.

The fame of the object, its popularity among the population.

Unusual (exotic) object. This refers to the peculiarity, uniqueness of a monument of history and culture, buildings, structures. The uniqueness of the object can also be associated with some historical event, at the site of the installation of this monument, with a legend or historical event. Exotic can be natural.

The expressiveness of the object, that is, the external expressiveness of the object, its interaction with the background, the environment - buildings, structures, nature.

Preservation of the object. An assessment is made of the state of the object at the moment, its readiness to be shown to excursionists.

The location of the object. When selecting objects, the distance to the monument, the ease of access to it, the suitability of the road for vehicles, the possibility of bringing tourists to the object, the natural environment surrounding this object, the availability of a place suitable for the location of the group for observation should be taken into account.

A temporary restriction on the display of an object (by time of day, by days, months, seasons) is when visiting and inspecting an object is impossible due to poor visibility or seasonality

3. Tourism in the Spassky region.

The development of tourism in the Spassky municipal district should be considered not only the development of the Bulgarian State Museum-Reserve and the adjacent infrastructure, but the integrated development of the entire Spasskaya tourist zone and, in general, the development of tourism in Tatarstan.

The ancient city of Bolgar is one of the iconic objects of the tourist infrastructure of Tatarstan. Along with the island city of Sviyazhsk, it was included in the list of objects of historical and cultural heritage developed with the participation of the Renaissance Foundation under the personal control of Rustam Minnikhanov and the first president of the Republic of Tatarstan. In 2014, the ancient city was visited by 285 thousand people, of which 2 thousand were foreign tourists.

One of the main events and results of five years of work of the Renaissance Foundation was the inclusion of Bolgar in the listUNESCO World Heritage Site

Bolgar is a city that is visited with excursions for only one day.

As a rule, tourists come to Tatarstan on a three-day tour and come to Bulgar only for one day. Perhaps partly because there are no routes worked out for a longer time,

although in addition to historical sites in the Spassky region beautiful nature... Thus, perhaps, just and would like to attract to outdoor recreation in a beautiful and historically significant place. Why not?

Tourists will be able to come with families, and the infrastructure in our area is developing, at the moment it is being builtnew modern hotel. .

In addition, our places are also pilgrims, so we can develop religious tourism as well.

You have to understand that Bolgar has already gone beyond the one-day route. The exposition of the place is such that tourists can stay for two days or even more. The Volga water area and nature itself contribute to the creation of tourist hiking trails... That is, it is not only a cultural and educational visit, but also outdoor recreation and fresh air.

The only problem of Bolgar is the lack of accommodation, and, of course, if a functional hotel and entertainment complex is soon built there, then perhaps our project will become interesting, as it offers a longer and more interesting route.

4. Description of the route.

5. Conclusion

Tourism as one of the most popular types active rest is an integral part of human life with his natural aspirations for the discovery and knowledge of new regions, natural monuments, history and culture, customs and traditions of various peoples. The organization of active, meaningful recreation has become an important social task. Tourism is an important factor in improving a person's health, enhancing his creative activity, expanding his horizons.

Tourism is the most important means of education, which, due to its diversity and versatility, opens up wide opportunities for the practical preparation of a small citizen for a big life.

The development of this project is due to the desire to increase interest in the history and culture of Tatarstan. Arouse the interest of children and adults in the history of their small homeland through the organization of excursion routes to historical monuments native land.

6. Used literature.

1. Abramov L. Spasskie legends. - Kazan: Around the city and villages, 2003 .-- 429 p.

2. Burdin E.A. Volga Atlantis: the tragedy of the great river. Ulyanovsk (Simbirsk) 2005-287

3. Taysin A.S. Geography of the Republic of Tatarstan. - Kazan: Magarif, 2000 .-- 223 p.

4. State register of protected areas in the Republic of Tajikistan. Second edition. - Kazan: Idel-Press, 2007 .-- 408.

5. Reserved places. - Kazan, Idel-Press, 2007.

6. Atlas Tar.tarika. - Kazan: Institute of History. Sh. Mardzhani AN

7. Republic of Tatarstan, Ministry of Education and Science.

8. I get to know the world. Geography. - Moscow: AST, 2005.

9. R.G. Fakhrutdinov History of the Tatar people and Tatarstan Kazan

Magarif Publishing House 1995

10.www.tourfactor.ru

11.www.personalguide.ru

12.www.tattravel.ru

13.www.bolgar-portal.ru

14.www.goldcompass.ru

15.www.bolgar.info

16.http: //komanda-k.ru/

GDP is the total market value of the total volume of finalgoods and services produced in the economy for a certain period of time (usually a year). It is the main indicator of economic activity and economic activity in the country.