Mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan on the map. Mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan is the epicenter of the world's mud volcanoes. Collected here three hundred and fifty of the eight hundred existing on the planet mud volcanoes!

For a share Azerbaijan accounts for a good half of the world's volcanoes. Mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan are located not only on land, but in the waters of the Caspian Sea. In total, there are about 150 marine mud volcanoes.

According to research carried out by scientists around the world, the first eruption of a mud volcano occurred 25 million years ago. It happened in the territory where it is now located The Republic of Azerbaijan... It turns out that the Azerbaijani volcanoes are the oldest in the world.

During the eruption of mud volcanoes, lava, mud and liquid are released to the surface of the earth, which are used in the chemical and construction industries, as well as in pharmacology.

Every year thousands of tourists visit Azerbaijan to see the eruption of mud volcanoes. It would seem that this is attractive? Mud baths have a healing effect on the body. And the fantastic landscape of mud volcanoes resembles the lunar surface. Travelers love to take pictures among mud volcanoes, show photos to friends and brag about having been to the moon. And, as it turned out, not in vain. NASA geologists have studied the surface Mars, after they came to the conclusion that the mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan are similar in structure to the heights of the blood-red planet.

Mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan act all year round... Over the past 200 years, there have been 200 large eruptions in Azerbaijan. Twenty-three mud volcanoes of the country received the status National park, now they are under protection. Last year, the mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan were included in the list “ Seven wonders of the world».

Protection of mud volcanoes[ | ]

According to the head of the department of mud volcanism of the Institute of Geology of ANAS, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences Adyl Aliyeva, to create reserves of mud volcanoes, those were chosen that sharply stood out in the terrain, were located at heights of up to 400 m, were active and were located on the Caspian coast , as well as near main roads and settlements.

For the protection of natural monuments, volcanoes, district administrations and environmental committees located near the volcanoes were connected. On the approaches to the volcanoes, protective inscriptions have already been installed, informing that these natural monuments are protected by the state and that it is strictly forbidden to pollute, destroy, carry out construction and other work next to them.

Natural Monuments[ | ]

In 1982, by the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan No. 167, the Boyuk Kenizdag, Ayranteken and Dashgil volcanoes located in Gobustan and the Lokbatan volcano in Lokbatan were granted the status of a natural monument.

Established in 2007, the State Nature reserve the group of mud volcanoes of Baku and the Absheron Peninsula granted 52 mud volcanoes the status of a state reserve.

On September 15, 2004, the largest mud volcano in the world, located on the territory of Azerbaijan, entered the Guinness Book of Records.

In 2009, mud volcanoes claimed a place in the list of "Seven Natural Wonders of the World".

Underwater mud volcanoes[ | ]

"Toragay"

There are also sea mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan - there are over 140 such volcanoes in the Caspian Sea. On the Baku archipelago, 8 islands appeared as a result of the activity of mud volcanoes.

Origin [ | ]

Mud volcanoes appeared on the territory of the present Azerbaijan Republic 25 million years ago.

Mud volcanoes are associated with oil and gas deposits. In the areas of mud volcanoes, rich deposits of gas condensate and oil have been discovered (Lokbatan, Garadag, Neftyanye Kamni, Mishovdag, etc.). In addition, the mud and liquid that mud volcanoes erupt is used as raw materials for the chemical and construction industries, as well as for pharmacology.

Popular names[ | ]

As well as geographical term- “mud volcanoes”, popularly called them as “yanardag” (burning mountain), “pilpilya” (terrace), “gaynacha” (boiling water), “bozdag” (gray mountain).

Eruption of mud volcanoes[ | ]

Mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan

On January 26, 2017, the Akhtarma-Pashaly volcano, which is considered one of the largest in Azerbaijan, erupted in the Hajigabul region. It is located 35 km southeast of the city of Shirvan. The eruption lasted until the early morning, a jet of flame 30-35 meters high was thrown into the sky.

Ayranteken [ | ]

This is a periodically erupting mud volcano, many eruptions of which were accompanied by underground explosions, a flame that sometimes reached 500 m in height. The volcano Ayranteken, which has a plateau-like shape, is located 65 km south-west of the capital, on a hill with a height of 190 m. The first eruptions took place in 1964-1990, as a result of which mud volcanic flows poured down the southern slope. There are 4 groups of mud volcanic manifestations. The first is located in the southwestern part of the upland and is characterized by oil-producing griffins. The second, larger group, is located to the northwest of the modern volcanic eruption and is characterized by a multitude of active microforms, the height of which reaches 5-10 meters. There are several cracks around the volcanic field, the length of which reaches 700-800 m, and the depth is 2-3 m. The total volume of breccia reaches approximately 500 million m3, and the breccia cover area is about 805 hectares. Many oil-bearing rocks could be found in mud volcanic eruptions.

Bahar [ | ]

This volcano, which has an oval shape, is located 55 km south-west of Baku, in the Alat zone. It rises 45 m above the area. Here the first eruption took place in 1853, and the last in 1993. There were a total of 8 eruptions. About 30 active microforms have been recorded in the volcanic field.

Goturdag [ | ]

The volcano is located 70 km south-west of the capital and only 3 km from the Ayranteken volcano. The diameter of the volcano is more than 150 m, and the depth reaches 15-20 m. The average power of the eruption of this volcano is 130 m. Goturdag differs in its manifestation from other volcanoes in Azerbaijan. The mud is squeezed out of the field like a paste from a tube upward, and then breaking, slides down the slope of the volcano. For the first time such a spectacle was observed here in 1926. This process continued until 1966. After that, in October 1966 and in the spring of 1970, ordinary eruptions took place. The breccia cover area is 408 hectares, and the total volume of breccia carried out by the volcano reaches 530 million m3.

Delangez [ | ]

This volcano is located 65 km south-west of the city of Baku, not far from another mud volcano, Dashgil. The area of distribution of the breccia of the Delyangyaz volcano is 550 hectares, and the average thickness of the cover is 30 m. The volcano is represented by two groups of microforms. The first is located in the eastern part of the crater wall, where low hills and griffins emit gas, water, mud with oil particles. The second group is located 500 m from the first and has a relatively high height (over 10 m) of hills and griffins. Second group on this moment active.

Lokbatan [ | ]

Elk [ | ]

Otman-Bozdag[ | ]

The volcanic eruption occurred on the morning of September 23, 2018. The height of the flame was 200-300 meters. Many cracks up to 40 meters deep have formed on the site.

As you know, there are three attractions in Azerbaijan - Baku (an airplane arrives there), Khinalig (a village located at an altitude of 2200 meters above the level of bustle and life, they drink tea there), well, and the mud volcanoes of Gobustan (there is dirt and grayness). Today I suggest you walk in the mud, and we will get acquainted with the rest of the sights another time. Go.

So how to get there. From the center of Baku you need to take bus 5. It runs every five minutes, is paid transport card which operates on the metro and beautiful red buses. The card can be bought at the terminal at the bus stop. The terminal understands only Azerbaijani, so some mess will surely happen when buying. For example, instead of a one-time card, we took a permanent one, and even credited 10 manats to it, and the bus fare was 20 qepiks. On final stop"twenty. Sahә ”, you need to transfer to bus 195 and ask the driver to tell you when Gobustan will be, or to follow the navigator. The fare is 80 qepiks in cash.

As you exit the bus, you find yourself in the clutches of huckster taxi drivers who are ready to take you to the museum. The fact is that Gobustan is primarily famous among tourists for the reserve with rock paintings, but we don't need to go there. Having learned that we want to visit the volcanoes, the taxi driver asked for 30 manats, although the red price for this trip is ten. Since we do not speak Azerbaijani, and the taxi driver speaks Russian, and the weather was really disgusting, we somehow agreed at twenty.

5 minutes on the highway, 10 on a muddy country road, and here we are.

Mud volcanoes are not as large-scale as ordinary volcanoes we are used to. Most of them are slides several meters high.

In the summit crater of the mud volcano there is a mud lake in which mud gurgles.

When the crater overflows, a mud-and-lava stream begins to flow down the side of the volcano. The mud is slowly drying up, the volcano is growing.

For example, a recently frozen lava flow and, to scale, people on the side of a volcano.

Everything around is also covered in volcanic mud. If you step into mud that is not completely frozen, you can get yourself into a mess. Mud has unique properties - it is used to make building materials, medicines and cosmetics.

Azerbaijan ranks first in the world in terms of the number of mud volcanoes. The Internet says that there are about 800 mud volcanoes in the world. About 350 of them are located in Azerbaijan.

In addition, there are underwater mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan. In the Baku archipelago, 8 islands by origin belong to mud volcanoes.

In their normal state, mud volcanoes slowly gurgle with mud, but sometimes real eruptions occur with the release of flames to a height of up to a thousand meters. This is all due to the fact that mud volcanoes are located in oil and gas fields.

The weather was rainy, so the mud in the craters is especially liquid.

Lava flow.

On the street there was a fierce wind and hellish cold, after running for 20 minutes between the craters, we got into the car and rushed back to Gobustan, where we managed to catch the same bus returning to the city.

The main purpose of our trip to Azerbaijan was to mix Gobustan and Khinalig mud on our boots, which we will soon do.

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Mud volcano- this is a hole or depression on the surface of the earth or an elevation with a crater in the form of a cone ( mud hill), from which periodically mud masses erupt onto the surface of the Earth.

Azerbaijan ranks 1st in the world in terms of the number of mud volcanoes - "burning mountains", as they are called by the people. Out of 800 famous volcanoes there are about 350, and the mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan took the 5th place at the international competition of the Swiss non-profit organization "Seven Wonders of Nature".

It is believed that mud volcanoes first began their activity on the territory of present-day Azerbaijan almost 25 million years ago.

Mud volcanoes are located very close to Gobustan:

The world's largest mud volcanoes have a diameter of 10 km and a height of about 700 meters. But those volcanoes, which will be discussed in this report, are very small and erupt in small (sometimes large) spits of mud. So be very careful with your photography gear!

Mud volcanoes are associated by their origin with oil and gas fields.

There are also underground and sea mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan.

From 1810 to the present, about 200 eruptions have occurred on the territory of Azerbaijan from 1810 to the present. Usually, the eruption of mud volcanoes is accompanied by strong explosions and underground hum.

NASA specialists, who studied, came to the conclusion that the mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan are similar in structure to the hills of the red planet.

It is interesting to note that a certain seasonality is observed in the mud eruption. The maximum incidence of volcanic eruptions falls in autumn. This is probably due to a change in atmospheric pressure.

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Azerbaijan has the largest number of mud volcanoes in the world - this is what the guide says, after reading which, I realized that I could not afford to be in Azerbaijan and not visit the volcanoes, took a taxi and set off again towards the Gobustan reserve.

So what, let them write and say that there are the largest number of mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, but most of all the DIRT is definitely in Russia)))).

And so I again go by taxi away from Baku, and to the left on the Caspian coast - another brilliant creation of human hands - the project of Azerbaijan - the Khazar Island. It is an ultra-modern and futuristic city of the future on the Bulk Islands. The idea is somewhat similar to the Palm Islands of Dubai, but for me it's more interesting. Unique houses, villas, mansions, shops, business centers, all modern infrastructure will be built on an area of 2000 hectares. The most tall tower in the world - the tower "Azerbaijan", it should be completed in 2019 and have a height of 1050 meters, thus surpassing its two main competitors under construction, the Kingdom Tower in Saudi Arabia and Madinat Al Harir in Kuwait. I do not know whether Azerbaijan will succeed in this undertaking or not, but if so, then this is definitely a reason to come and see this country just for this. So far, only the gate is ready, going into the distance to the side to the bulk island of Khazar.

Gates of Bulk Island Khazar, Azerbaijan

And now, after about 40 minutes drive from the center of Baku, a painfully familiar one appears - a turn to Kryzhopol Gobustan.