Feodosia city. Rest in Feodosia - expanse for both children and adults Geodosia

From year to year, recreation in the Crimea is becoming more in demand among domestic tourists. Feodosia is one of the most interesting cities for recreation on the peninsula. Its name is translated from Greek as "given by God." Here, nature itself has created all the possibilities for a comfortable and relaxed vacation: sandy and pebble beaches, the warm Black Sea, an abundance of greenery. A large number of attractions that have appeared over more than 25 centuries of history also attract many travelers.

Where is the resort in Crimea?

Feodosia is located on southeast coast Crimea, famous for its mild climate and health-improving factors - curative mud and mineral springs. The city is surrounded by the slopes of Tepe-Oba Mountain, and its length is about 20 km.

Feodosia on the map of Crimea

GENERAL INFORMATION

Population - almost 70 thousand people.
Area - 42.2 km 2.
Founding time - 355 BC.

Where to stay for rest?

Feodosia offers tourists who have chosen rest in Crimea a wide range of accommodation options - from boarding houses to houses and rooms in the private sector, where you can stay literally for a penny.

The most ancient temple, built by the Greeks in the period from the 7th to the 9th centuries, has survived in the city. -. Once the service here was conducted in two languages - Greek and Russian, but now it is one of the active churches and its famous, which is definitely worth seeing by buying a vacation voucher.

Where to go in Feodosia with children?

The most basic entertainment for children in Feodosia is, of course, the beaches. There are several of them in the resort; the Second City Beach Area, located behind the Dynamo Stadium, deserves special attention. The path to it goes through a shady park. The recreation area itself is very wide and completely sandy, it can get crowded here during the season, but there is enough space for everyone. It is extremely pleasant to relax in this place with the whole family, largely due to the exceptional purity of the sea and sand.

Where can you eat in Feodosia?

The luxurious Hermitage restaurant in Aivazovsky Street is located on a beautiful territory and offers a wide selection of European cuisine and an excellent wine list. They cook deliciously here, and the presentation of food is beyond praise.

The "Sunrise" establishment on the Kerch highway is located right on the beach. It is decorated in a nautical style. The offered kitchen is different good choice food. Here you should try tiger prawns, dumplings soup or tagliatelle with pine nuts.

Crimean cuisine is also interesting, you can get acquainted with its features in more detail on this website http://lions-guides.ru/Crimea/cooking/kitchen-of-the-Crimea. In Feodosia, the Efsane restaurant on General Gorbachev Street invites tourists to taste Tatar dishes. The oriental atmosphere can be traced here literally in everything, including the beautifully decorated summer veranda. Residents of the city are advised to try the restaurant's signature dish - "Sach-Kavurma", served with well-fried lamb and stewed vegetables.

How to get to Feodosia from Simferopol?

You can get from the Airport to Feodosia by bus, routes run throughout the day - both direct and transit, to Kerch, Koktebel, etc. Travel time will take about 3 hours. From the central bus station of the capital of Crimea, transport departs to the resort even more often.

Getting to Feodosia by car will be faster - in 1.5-2 hours:

Numerous cities and towns provide excellent opportunities for recreation in the Crimea, Feodosia is one of them. There are excellent conditions for spending time with children and for tourists who combine visiting the beaches with excursion program... Wonderful climate beautiful nature and the warm sea make this place very attractive! In conclusion, as usual, watch a short video about the described resort.

Theodosia (given by God) is one of the oldest cities in Europe, founded by the Hellenes 2543 years ago (VI century BC) on the site of the village of Ardabra (the city of the Seven Deities). Soon Feodosia became a city-state and a trading port, successfully competing with the capital of the Bosporan kingdom, Panticapaeum. The location of the city at the crossroads of trade routes, favorable climatic and natural conditions attracted many conquerors to it, who, on the one hand, contributed to the creation historical monuments different nations, and on the other hand, they destroyed what was built by their predecessors and brought innumerable troubles to the population of the city.

In Ukrainian - Feodosia
Post index: 295005
Telephone code: +7 36562; +380 6562
Population: 67.700 (2012)
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History of the city of Feodosia:

In the 4th century BC. (355) Theodosia is annexed to the Bosporus kingdom, playing the role of the largest port exporting grain to Europe.

In the 4th century A.D. the city was captured by the Huns, who destroyed it and brought it into decay for many centuries. Nevertheless, during this period of decline, religious buildings of various peoples were built.

In the VII-IX centuries. a Greek temple with a Byzantine-style hall was built, the foundation of which was used in the construction of the Vvedenskaya Church in 1854. During the construction, the ancient style of the temple was not observed, frescoes and stone carvings gave the interiors a pseudo-Russian style. In 1937, a gym was housed in the church, and its ministers were shot. In 1993, the temple was returned to the UOC-MP, the dome and the bell tower were restored.

In 909, a Jewish synagogue was built, which after 1000 years was significantly expanded, and a Jewish school was built next to it. In 1929, a sportsman's house was placed in the Great Synagogue, and a stable during the Nazi occupation. After the war, the building of the synagogue housed the officers' house, and a school in the former Talmud Torah school.

In the XIII century, the ruins of ancient Feodosia were captured by the Genoese and built new town Kafu, which was repeatedly raided by the Tatars. Therefore, a powerful citadel was built in the city, the ruins of which have survived to this day. The Kafa fortress on the shore of the bay was built in the 1340s. The walls of the citadel with a height of 11 m with 14 towers, of which the towers of Christ and Clement VI have survived, reliably defended the city.

Some religious buildings of Kafa have also survived: the churches of St. George and St. Stephen, the churches of I. Forerunner and I. Theologian. The Greek Orthodox Church of St. George was built by a Muslim who converted to Christianity, the Marquis Aslan in the XIV century. It is located opposite the Kafa Fortress in the Temple Valley. The temple was part of the monastery of the Victorious and was ruled by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. The temple displays an exposition of the history of religious buildings in the Temple Valley of Feodosia and a model of the Kafa citadel.

The Church of I. Forerunner was built in the XIV century. Temple Valley, next to the Temple of St. George. In 1858 the church was reconstructed and renamed the Iberian Church. In the USSR, the temple was turned into a warehouse, now it is transferred to the UOC-MP.

Next to the Iberian Church is the Armenian Church of I. Theologian, erected in the XIV century. in an Armenian cult style with excellent acoustics. The doors to the church are decorated with carved ornaments.

The Greek Church of St. Stephen (St. Dmitry) was built in the 15th century. in the Quarantine area behind the wall of the Kafa fortress. The altar and the wall of the temple are decorated with frescoes in the late Byzantine cult style.

One of the most tragic events in the history of Kafa was the plague epidemic that began in 1347 in the camp of the Golden Horde hordes, which besieged the fortress. The Tatars with catapults threw the corpses of their soldiers, struck by the "black death", through the walls of the fortress into the city, spreading an epidemic to it. Fleeing from the plague on ships, the population of Kafa landed in the cities of Europe, spreading the epidemic. As a result of this epidemic, 75 million people died in Europe. The Feodosians still call the area of the city where the ruins of the fortress are preserved, and the area adjacent to the sea is called Chumka.

Medieval Kafa with a population of 100 thousand. was a multinational city. Therefore, Catholic and Orthodox churches, Armenian churches, Muslim mosques, synagogues, monasteries were built in the city, some of which have survived to this day. For example, the Armenian Church of Surb Sarkis, built in 1330, has survived to this day. In the fence of the church in a white marble sarcophagus (by the sculptor Biojoli), the romantic of the sea, the best European moraine artist, "virtuoso of clouds and air" Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky is buried. The church book contains a record that Gevork Ayvazyan and his wife Hripsime had a son, Hovhannes Ayvazyan. The inscription on the sarcophagus is made in the ancient Armenian language. Nearby is the crypt of the artist's second wife, an Armenian by nationality. The stone Armenian Church of Arkhangelskaya, built in 1408 in the style of the Italian Middle Ages, has also survived. It is planned to erect a monument to I. Aivazovsky's brother to the scientist-historian, orientalist, linguist, philosopher G. Aivazovsky next to the church.

In 1475 the city was captured by the Turks, turning it into the capital of the Crimean province of the Sultan, which was called Keffe, Crimea-Istanbul or Kuchuk-Istanbul. Having destroyed a number of Genoese structures, the Turks built mosques, minarets, oriental baths, incl. the tower of Constantine that has survived to this day, the Mufti-Jami mosque with an 8-sided minaret, restored in 1975, an Armenian fountain with the date of construction in 1586.

The inhabitants of the city were turned into living goods, which were sold in the slave markets of Istanbul and the Mediterranean countries. This was repeatedly prevented by the Zaporozhye Cossacks, who stormed the fortress and destroyed the Turkish fleet, freeing the slaves.

In 1771 the city passed into the possession of Russia and was renamed Feodosia again. During the battles for the city, it was again badly damaged. The 3-century Turkish occupation and the battles for its liberation turned Feodosia into a desolate town without greenery, with the ruins of a fortress and a hundred shacks among the ruins and ashes. During the restoration of the city, objects are being built that attract tourists:

In 1811, according to the project of I. Aivazovsky, the first museum was built with 70 thousand exhibits and dioramas of the city's landscape.
In 1911, the Milos mansion was built in the style of ancient Greek neoclassicism with a sculpture of Venus de Milo, antique statues, fountains, and caryatid columns. Currently, the mansion houses a sanatorium building.
In 1914, the Stamboli mansion was built in the neo-Moorish style with a 4-tiered tower, a dome, galleries, grottoes, mosaic glass in the windows, a fountain with figures of angels. In 2013, the mansion housed the Museum of Underwater Archeology, which exhibits items from sunken ships from ancient to modern.
Only in the 90s of the XIX century the Dzhankoy-Feodosia railway and the port were built, returning the importance of a large port to Feodosia. But the remains of ancient structures (the Kafa fortress, the Turkish bastion, the Sultan-Selim mosque, Turkish baths) were dismantled to provide materials for newly built objects. The development of the city's economy was combined with the development of tourism.

The October Revolution and the Civil War entailed new destruction of religious buildings - A. Nevsky Cathedral, ancient temple St. Michael. But after the civil war, the re-equipment of the nationalized dachas began into health resorts and sanatoriums. Feodosia becomes not only industrial city but also a center of tourism.

The city has a gallery of Aivazovsky, which houses 417 paintings by the outstanding marine painter. Only in the secret room of the gallery, for a sponsorship fee, you can see the artist's mystical painting "On the Death of Alexander III", which has never been exhibited anywhere.

The Museum of Money is very popular, where you can see all the issues of money of the Bosporus Kingdom, the world's only Tatraobol coin of the 4th century BC, a 1 million dollar bill. USA.

A. Green Museum recreates the romantic world of the heroes of his works.

Another major damage to the city was caused by the fascist occupation. This heroic period is reminded of the established monuments in the city:

the monument of Glory in the Jubilee Park with the Eternal Flame in honor of the soldiers who died for the liberation of the city;
in 1966, an anti-aircraft submachine gun was installed, covering the Kerch-Feodosia landing with fire, which liberated Feodosia from the enemy in 1941;
in 1959, a monument was erected to the 13-year-old partisan intelligence officer Vita Korobkov, who was shot in 1942 together with his partisan father; a street and a secondary school are named in honor of the hero-pupil in Feodosia. On the street Korobkov opened a museum of the Tsvetaev sisters;
on the grave of the paratroopers who died in 1942, an obelisk was erected on the town of Mithridates;
In 1967, a monument to the victims of fascism was erected over the common grave of 6,000 citizens, whom the Nazis shot and threw into an anti-tank ditch.

Opened in 2012 observation deck to Mithridates and the Nemo Dolphinarium

Tourists are attracted to Feodosia not only by sights, but also by other factors:

the geographical location of the city on the western shore of the Feodosiya Bay and the slopes of Tepe-Oba Mountain;
favorable climate with an average air temperature in July + 24 ° С, in February + 30 ° С;
the possibility of swimming in the sea from May to October;
the presence of the best mineral waters in Europe and healing mud lakes Ajigol;
healing mountain-sea microclimate;
"golden" beaches 15 km long;
numerous sanatorium, tourist and health-improving establishments;
the opportunity to visit exclusive resort centers- Koktebel, Schebetovka, New World, Old Crimea;
availability of enotourism with unique wine tasting.

In the southeast of the Crimean peninsula, there is an ancient city that has become the border between the steppe and mountainous zones of Crimea. - one of the oldest Crimean settlements, large resort ny and port city.

Due to the combination of mountain and steppe zones, the climate here is colder than in other cities on the southern coast. In the middle of summer, the average temperature is + 27 ° C, in winter - 0 ° C. The swimming season starts in May and lasts until mid-October. Especially attractive for a holiday in Feodosia the Velvet season (early-mid-autumn) when the intense heat subsides.

Historical reference.

The city got its name from its amazing climate and favorable location. The Greek merchants who came here called the settlement Feodosia, which in Greek means "Given by god"... Later, the Genoese erected here, which became one of the most important Black Sea ports.

Turkish rule lasted until 1774, when Crimea became part of the Russian Empire. From this moment, the active "revival" of Feodosia begins: a branch is being built railroad, the port is being modernized.

After the Great Patriotic War industry is developing in the city, funds are being allocated for the creation of a system of sanatorium and resort institutions.

Today Feodosia is a health resort of national importance, a major resort and an important "sea" artery of the country.

Rest in Feodosia- this is not only beaches and wellness procedures, but also a visit historical sites... The city has many natural and cultural monuments, the most visited are:

... Preserved southern part of the citadel with two towers and towers in different parts of the city. For an excursion, it is better to stock up on drinking water, hats and comfortable shoes - it can be quite hot in the ruins in the open area.
Reserve "Kara-Dag"... It is a volcanic massif, on the slopes of which more than 250 rare animals and plants live. There are two ways to visit the reserve: on a guided walking tour or during a boat trip.
Dacha-palace of Stamboli. Graceful palace surrounded by a spacious winter garden. Made in Moorish style. Today it houses a restaurant and hotel complex of the same name.
... Memorial house, which will tell about the life of the famous novelist and his heroes. It is better to check the time of the visit in advance - various creative meetings are often held in the museum.
... The gallery houses the largest collection of the artist's works in Russia.
... An architectural monument built in the tradition of Ottoman architecture.

There are more than 10 beaches along the coastline. The most famous are:

Children's. Sand beach. Due to the smooth descent and shallow water, it is considered the most attractive for families with children. The entrance is paid, there are a lot of water attractions, cafes and retail outlets.
... The sand on the beach has an unusual pink and pearlescent hue. The bottom is soft and even. The entrance to the beach area is free, there is a rental of umbrellas and sun loungers.
Golden beach with soft "golden" sand. Equipped with umbrellas and sun loungers. One of the most popular beaches, so it gets very crowded during the season.
. Free beach attracting with fine and soft sand. Work water attractions, mini massage parlor.
... Free sandy beach with the possibility of renting sun loungers and umbrellas. For vacationers, there are a lot of water attractions.
... A very popular pebble beach. Works on the territory entertainment center"Africa".

... Huge selection of rooms from "Economy" to "Suite". Most of the hotels are located within a 5-10 minute walk to the sea. In addition to the basic set, there are "exotic" options: hotels with their own water park, large swimming pools and unique architecture.
... Mini-hotels with conditions as close as possible to home conditions. Usually, guest houses designed for 5-10 rooms, equipped with parking and spacious terraces.
... Many options for apartments or rooms. Most of the tenants offer apartments equipped with everything you need: furniture, household appliances.

When choosing accommodation, it is important to remember that it is a popular resort, so it is better to book in advance.

How to get to Feodosia?

You can get to the city in several ways:

By train. Direct flights run from almost all major cities, v Feodosia has its own train station.
By bus. V summer time there are a lot of bus tours, for example, from Moscow to Feodosia.
By plane. The nearest airport is, so you will have to get there with a transfer. Buses run regularly from Simferopol, you can order a taxi.
For exotic lovers, you can get by sea by boat from.

Basic moments

Feodosia is one of the oldest cities Black Sea coast... In the Middle Ages, it was called Kaffa. Trade flourished here, and there was the largest slave market in the region.

For several decades Crimean city has the status climatic resort and local health resorts welcome guests all year round... For sanatorium treatment in Feodosia come those who have problems with the respiratory system, digestive system, metabolic disorders, gynecological and urinary diseases. Ionized sea air, salt caves, healing silt mud help to get rid of ailments, mineral water, massage and other physiotherapy procedures.

Most travelers are in Feodosia during bathing season, from late May to early October. Tourists are attracted by the developed infrastructure, the possibility of inexpensive accommodation in the private sector, good sandy beaches as well as many historical and natural attractions.

The beauty of Feodosia has long attracted representatives of creative professions. In the city, you can visit the art gallery. IK Aivazovsky, the Museum of Money, the Museum of Hang Gliding, as well as the memorial museums of Alexander Grin and the sisters Marina and Anastasia Tsvetaev. The Feodosia Museum of Antiquities is considered one of the best specialized museums in Russia.

Not only are popular in Feodosia beach vacation and excursions. During the high tourist season the city hosts many colorful festivals dedicated to fish cuisine, unconventional fashion, winemaking, aeronautics, bicycles and jazz music... These holidays gather guests not only from other Crimean cities, but also from abroad.

History of Feodosia

The settlement on the shores of the bay was founded in the 6th century BC by colonists who came from the Greek city of Miletus. Later Theodosia became part of the powerful Bosporus kingdom, which was destroyed by the Huns in the 4th century AD.

In the following centuries, the city changed hands many times. At first, the Alans lived in it, then the Byzantine Empire began to control the coast, and behind it - the Khazars. Until the 13th century, the coastal settlement was small and was part of the Golden Horde, and at the beginning of the 14th century it was bought by the Genoese.

In those days, Theodosia was called Kaffa. The new owners managed to build a thriving port city through which active trade between East and West was conducted. The largest slave market in the Black Sea existed in Kaffa. In addition to slaves, spices, gold and jewelry were traded here. By the 15th century, the coastal city owned by the Genoese had grown so much that it surpassed Constantinople in size. It had a multi-ethnic population, but most of all in Kaffa there were Armenians.

In 1475, the entire Crimean coast was captured by the Ottoman Turks, who made the city one of the main ports on the peninsula. At this time, it was often called Kucuk-Istanbul or Little Istanbul.

In the 1770s, the Russian Empire began to own the city, and it received the name "Feodosia". The settlement was small for over a century. But since the end of the 19th century, after the creation of an industrial port here and the appearance of a railway, the situation has changed.

During the Great Patriotic War, Feodosia was under fascist occupation. In the city, about 8 thousand residents were shot, and as a result of heavy fighting, part of the houses and streets were badly destroyed. Today Feodosia is developing as a major port and a popular seaside resort.

Geographical location and climate

Feodosia stands on the shores of the spacious Feodosia Gulf. At the entrance to it, the sea depth reaches 28 m, and this is quite enough for large dry cargo ships and tankers to enter the port of Feodosia. The bay has its own circular current, so the water off the coast is constantly renewed and never dirty.

Feodosia is separated from the steppe expanses by the Tepe-Oba mountain range. Hills and ridges rise to a height of about 300 m and close the coast from strong winds. Due to this, the climate of the Crimean resort is not similar to the steppe, but more reminiscent of the Mediterranean.

It is hot here in summer and almost never rains. In July and August, the average daily air temperatures are kept in the region of +26 ... + 28 ° С, and the water in the Black Sea warms up to +25 ... + 27 ° С. In winter, Feodosia is cooler than other Crimean resorts. There is snow for about three weeks, but constant snow cover does not happen every year, but only in the most severe winters.

The beaches of Feodosia

The beach strip in Feodosia and the surrounding area stretches for 17 km, and its width in some places reaches 200 m. One of the most popular is considered the kilometer-long beach "Kameshki", covered with a mixture of pebbles and sand. It has a width of 30-40 m and is well equipped for comfortable rest... The beach has showers, toilets and storage rooms. You can rent sun loungers and umbrellas, rent pedal boats, catamarans and ride a banana boat.

On the promenade along the beach, there are many eateries, cafes and souvenir shops, entertainment centers "Africa" and Lunopark. Most tourists prefer to rest here, because on "Kameshki" there is a very gentle entrance to the water, and the seabed is sandy.

There is also a historical landmark near the beach. In the sea, opposite the "Kameshki", the wreck of the sunken ship "Jean Jaures" is visible. It was blown up by an enemy mine during the Great Patriotic War in 1942, 850 m from the coast. The crash killed 40 people, sank many military equipment(cars and guns), but most of the sailors were rescued by the crews of the Kabardinets boat and the Gelendzhik minesweeper.

To the north of "Kameshki" there is a paid Children's Beach. It is 300 m long, up to 70 m wide and covered with sand. The entrance to the sea is very shallow, and in shallow water the sea water gets very hot, which is why parents with small children like to relax on this beach. And to the north of the Children's Beach is the beach area of the Ministry of Defense sanatorium.

Museums

The central place among other museum collections of the Crimean resort is occupied by the national art gallery, named after the famous marine painter Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Aivazian). The artist was born and spent most of his life in Feodosia. The first exhibitions of his paintings were organized in the city in the middle of the 19th century.

Today, more than 400 works by Aivazovsky are exhibited in two buildings of the gallery, as well as over 12 thousand paintings dedicated to the sea, which were painted by other artists. The gallery welcomes guests every day from 10.00 to 16.30, and in the summer from 9.00 to 20.00 (Galereynaya st., 2 and 4).

Not far from picture gallery there is a house that is hard not to notice, since the facade of the building looks like a romantic brigantine (Galereynaya st., 10). This is a memorial and literary museum of the author of the famous story "Scarlet Sails" Alexander Grin. Here the writer lived for 5 years, from 1924 to 1929, and wrote "Running on the Waves", as well as several short stories. Inside, the brigantine house looks unusual. Instead of boring museum halls, it is divided into cabins and holds. In addition to the writer's personal belongings, the museum displays nautical compasses, a steering wheel, models of sailing ships and old maps with which sailors walked along the Black Sea and Mediterranean seas... The Green Museum is open daily, except Monday and Tuesday, from 10.00 to 13.00 and from 14.00 to 18.00.

The memorial museum of Marina and Anastasia Tsvetaev appeared in Feodosia for a reason. Before the outbreak of the First World War, the sisters lived with their families in this city and loved it very much. The museum halls display the furnishings of the beginning of the last century, things and old photographs of the Tsvetaevs and their friends.

Money museums are open in several cities of Russia, however, the Feodosia numismatics collection is special. More than 30 thousand coins are kept here, the first of which were minted in the 7th century BC. Since ancient times, there have been mints on the territory of the coastal settlement - antique, Genoese, Crimean Tatar ... Researchers have counted 14 periods of minting in Feodosia. In the museum you can see coins and banknotes from 200 countries of the world, samples of plastic cards, as well as “cash” souvenirs and handicrafts. The Museum of Money is located at number 12 on Green Street (formerly Kuibyshev) and receives visitors seven days a week from 10.00 to 18.00.

The same building houses another museum collection dedicated to the history of Crimean hang gliding. Free flights from the Uzun-Syrt and Klement'eva mountains began to be carried out since the 1930s. The first domestic aviators, glider pilots, hang gliders and paragliders trained near Feodosia. Historical documents and photographs, models are exhibited in the halls of the museum. aircraft, a harness trainer and rare collectibles. The Museum of the History of Hang Gliding is open every day, except Monday, from 10:00 to 13:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.

In house number 11 on Aivazovsky Avenue, there is a museum of local lore, which is often called the "Museum of Antiquities". This is one of the oldest museums in Crimea, because the Feodosia collections were opened to visitors back in 1811. In the museum you can get acquainted with the nature of Crimea, geological features peninsula and rich history Feodosia. And in the open courtyard, there are ancient tombstones, bowls for ablution and stone slabs with inscriptions. The Museum of Local Lore is open from 10.00 to 17.00, except Tuesday. From June to September, it works seven days a week.

The rocky cape of St. Elijah closes the spacious Feodosiya harbor, juts deep into the Black Sea, and from it you can clearly see all the coastal buildings. The path from the center of Feodosia to extreme point the cape takes only 10 minutes. Here, on the rocky shore, there is a local landmark - the high Ilyinsky lighthouse.

In ancient times, when the lighthouse was not yet there, ships that skirted the cape often perished. Tragic shipwrecks were caused by strong winds and storms. Everyone understood that a signal fire was needed for the sailors, however, time passed, and they could not find the money for the construction of the lighthouse.

In the 1890s, the family of State Councilor Rukavishnikov came to Feodosia for treatment. Their son was sick with tuberculosis, and his parents hoped that staying on the sunny peninsula would help him.

And so it happened. The boy recovered from the healing Crimean air and daily walks by the sea. His mother Evdokia Nikolaevna was so glad about the imminent recovery of her son that in 1899 she built a lighthouse on Ilyinsky Cape using her own funds. On it was installed the latest optical device for those times, made by Swedish craftsmen, and a sonorous signal bell was placed next to it.

During the Great Patriotic War, the building of the lighthouse was destroyed, but in the 1950s it was rebuilt. Nowadays, both tourists and residents of the city like to come to the Ilyinsky lighthouse, since near it you can take beautiful photographs of rocky cliffs and the Feodosia coast.

Genoese fortress and towers

On the territory of the modern resort, several medieval buildings have been preserved, erected in the days when Feodosia was named Kaffa. The most significant of them is the old Genoese fortress on Port Street. It is located in the southern part of Feodosia, not far from the seashore and has the status of a historical and architectural reserve.

Defensive structures were built in the XIV century in order to protect the possessions of the Genoese Republic on the Crimean Peninsula. The citadel was considered one of the largest in Europe. It covered an area of 70 hectares and had a double ring of stone walls, the height of which reached 11 m.In addition to powerful walls, the fortress included more than 30 high towers and a ditch dug along the perimeter.

The Genoese citadel was built of limestone slabs, bonded with mortar. The quality of the masonry, made by medieval builders, turned out to be so high that the fortress withstood the test of time and has been perfectly preserved to this day.

Today you can see a half-kilometer fragment of the southern wall with the towers of Crisco and St. Clement, the remains of the moat, the pylons of the entrance gate and part of the western wall. And not far from the ancient citadel, there are several Armenian churches of the XIV century, Turkish baths and an old single-arch Turkish bridge.

In different parts of Feodosia, there are several medieval towers, which in Genoese times were part of a common defensive line. In the east of the ancient city there is a rectangular two-tiered Dock Tower, which served sea gate medieval Kaffa and the port part that guarded it. On the eastern wall of the Dock Tower, you can see a stone slab carved with the coats of arms of the Genoese consuls.

If you walk about 0.5 km to the south from the ruins of the Genoese fortress, you can find yourself near the medieval tower of Giovani de Scaffa, built, like the main citadel, in the XIV century. In the old days, the thickness of the walls round tower reached 2.5 m, and the garrison guarding it could take water from an underground well. The main building is still waiting for its researchers, and today it stands one-third covered with earth.

Another Genoese building is located 0.6 km east of the Giovani de Scaffa tower - the Thomas tower, which was used as an arsenal. Time did not spare the building, and only a semicircular base has been preserved from it.

The northernmost tower of the medieval citadel is located near the seashore, not far from the city railway station Feodosia. In the second half of the 15th century, these lands were captured by the Ottoman Turks and they fortified the tower with a stone bastion. Three walls and an expressive jagged end have survived from the Tower of Constantine. The thickness of the masonry at the base of the tower is up to 2 m.

Fountains and old summer cottages

In 2004, in the green Jubilee Park, near the Fedodosia railway station, the "Good Genius" fountain was opened. It is dedicated to IK Aivazovsky, a native of Feodosia. At 110 meters from it, closer to the railway tracks, there is another fountain, built according to the project and financed by the artist himself. Beautiful architectural monument has an interesting history.

Century after century, the city grew, and the surrounding forests were cut down for construction needs. Thoughtless destruction of trees led to the fact that already from the middle of the 19th century, the inhabitants of Feodosia were constantly experiencing a shortage drinking water... The problem was so acute that high-quality water had to be delivered from Sevastopol in barrels by sea.

Aivazovsky was born in Feodosia, and on the territory of his family estate there was a deep Subash spring. In the fall of 1887, the artist decided to donate the water of the spring to the Feodosians. At his expense, a metal pipeline was built, through which 50 thousand buckets of water were supplied to an equipped fountain in the city center every day. The artist created the project of the fountain with his own hand.

In the northern part of Feodosia, on the long Aivazovsky Avenue, there are several old dachas built at the beginning of the last century in the Art Nouveau style. Today they have the status of historical and architectural monuments. Among other buildings, a beautiful architectural ensemble Stamboli Palace (house number 47). In the 1910s, the picturesque house was occupied by the Karaite family of Joseph Stamboli, who was involved in the development of the tobacco industry in the Feodosia region. During the Great Patriotic War, the Germans set up a hospital in the palace where wounded soldiers were treated, and now there is a restaurant and hotel complex.

The house "Otrada" is located in the house number 29 on Aivazovsky Avenue. The Moorish-Spanish building was built in 1914 according to the project of the famous Crimean architect Nikolai Krasnov. "Joy" is good for its exquisite stucco molding, austere windows and columns with Ionic capitals.

Nearby, at number 33, there is the Milos summer cottage, made in the traditions of Greek architecture. In addition to the main building, in the old dacha you can see a light rotunda and an elegant fence. Today one of the buildings of the Voskhod sanatorium is located here. And another Feodosia sanatorium - "Volna" - today occupies the intricate buildings of the old summer cottages "Villa" (house number 35) and "Flora" (house number 37).

Zemskaya Street in Feodosia

The nearest airport to Feodosia is located 120 km from the city, in Simferopol. It is large international terminal, which receives regular flights from many cities in Russia and from abroad. From Simferopol airport to Feodosia on the P23 highway, you can come by taxi in one and a half to two hours. The road by regular buses "Simferopol - Kerch" and "Simferopol - Feodosia" or route taxis will take from 2 to 2.5 hours.

There are two ways to get to Feodosia by train through the territory of Russia. The first option: take a ticket on the direct train "Moscow - Feodosia", which reaches the Kerch Strait and is transported across the strait. This route is convenient because passengers do not need to get off, and the train is in place in 23.5-26 hours. The second option is to use the service of Russian Railways "Single Ticket", that is, by train to get to Krasnodar or Anapa, and then by bus through Kerch Strait to get to Feodosia.

From the Moscow metro station "Novoyasenevskaya" once a day there is a direct bus to Feodosia. It takes 23-25 hours to get from Moscow to the resort town.

You can get to the Crimean resort by car through the territory of Ukraine and Russia. The first method is the shortest, but it involves crossing the border. The second option takes much more time and is laid along the M4 Don and P251 highways and through the ferry port Kavkaz - Krym port. A significant disadvantage of this route is the long queues for the ferry. From the ferry to the city, you need to drive another 120 km.

You can also sail to Feodosia by sea. Anapa and the Crimean city are connected by high-speed catamarans, which reach Feodosia in 3 hours.

For many people in the summer, vacation in Feodosia is relevant. This wonderful Crimean city on the Black Sea coast has fascinated hundreds of thousands of tourists who visit it every year. What is so attractive about Theodosius? Description of the location, history of the city, its population, infrastructure, recreation conditions and other issues related to this resort will be the subject of this review.

Geographical location of Feodosia

Before we start describing the population of Feodosia and other aspects of the city's life, let's look at where it is located.

The city of Feodosia is located in the southeastern part of the Crimean Peninsula, on the Black Sea coast, in the area of the Feodosia Gulf. It is located just between the southern coast of the Crimea, being a kind of connecting link between them. Eastern the settlement is located on the seashore, and the western one - on the spurs of the Tepe-Oba ridge of the Crimean Mountains.

The climate in Feodosia is moderate, although sometimes signs of a subtropical appear, due to the close location to this climatic zone.

Legal status

The legal status of the city, like the entire Crimea, is ambiguous. According to Russian law (and in fact), this locality is part of the urban district of Feodosia, which, in turn, is part of the Republic of Crimea. In the south-west, this administrative entity borders on the urban district of Sudak, in the north - on the Kirovsky district, in the north-east - on the Leninsky district. The south and southeast are washed by the waters of the Black Sea. In addition, this urban district also includes several villages, the largest of which are the townships of Primorskiy and Koktebel.

At the same time, according to Ukrainian legislation, Feodosia belongs to the city council of the same name, which is part of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and completely coincides with the boundaries of the city district. However, de facto Ukraine does not control these territories, so they are fully subject to Russian legislation.

City `s history

Feodosia has a very long history. It is one of the oldest in Russia as a whole. The first population of Feodosia is the Greeks. It was the Greek colonists from the city of Miletus in the 6th century BC. NS. founded this settlement. The name that the Greeks gave to the settlement they founded is translated from the ancient Greek language as "given by God." In the IV century BC. NS. Theodosia was forced to submit to the most powerful Greek state in the Crimea - the Bosporus kingdom, which itself eventually recognized its dependence on the Roman Empire.

In the 4th century AD, the city was destroyed by hordes of Huns. The field of this, what remained of it, was settled by the Alans, calling the village Ardabda. The Roman Empire this time was able to regain control over Theodosia only after it was transformed into Byzantium, in the 5th century. True, the city then for some time passed into the hands of the Khazar Kaganate, but in the end it returned again under the sovereignty of the Byzantine Empire. However, the significance and size of the ancient times of Theodosia of that time was far away, and, in fact, it existed as an insignificant village.

In the 13th century, Theodosia was controlled by the Golden Horde, which sold the village to merchants from Genoa, retaining its supreme suzerainty over it. Since then, the city has become an outpost of this maritime republic. Now he began to be called Kafa. Since antiquity, the city has not experienced such a flourishing as under the Genoese. It was here that the temnik Mamai fled to hide from the wrath of the Golden Horde after he was defeated by Dmitry Donskoy on the Kulikovo field. The population of Kapha at that time exceeded 70,000 people, and then it became more than in Constantinople. Most of the inhabitants of the city were Armenians. A branch of a Genoese bank was opened in the Cafe, and there was a theater.

Finally, in 1475, the Genoese were ousted from Kafa by an actively expanding Ottoman Empire... Now it has become a Turkish city. Although to the north of it were the lands of the vassal of the Ottoman Sultan - the Crimean Khan, but Kafa was not part of the khanate, but was a direct part of the empire. In the Ottoman period, Kafa became one of the largest points of the slave trade, a slave market was located here. During the Turkish period, the development of salt deposits near the city also developed. In addition, as under the Genoese, there was a large port here. Theodosia of that time was raided and plundered by the Zaporozhye Cossacks, for example, in 1616. Many prisoners were also freed during this expedition.

In 1771, during the next Russian-Turkish war, Kafa was captured by Russian troops. After the Kuchuk-Kainadzhi peace treaty, this city finally became part of Russian Empire... Since 1787 it has become one of the settlements of the Tauride region. Since 1796, after an administrative reform, Kafa was incorporated into the Novorossiysk province. In 1798, she received the status of a free port for 30 years. Six years later, the Cafe returned its historical name - Feodosia.

This city was visited by many prominent personalities. In it he lived a significant part of his life, the famous painter Ivan Aivazovsky worked and died. The Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov also visited Feodosia.

After the revolution of 1917, Crimea, and in particular Feodosia, became the last stronghold White Army led by Wrangel. After the occupation of the city by the Bolsheviks in 1920, a wave of red terror swept here. The population of Feodosia at this time in the city decreased significantly. The city, like the whole Crimea, was included in the RSFSR.

During the Great Patriotic War, fierce battles were fought for Feodosia. It was finally liberated by the Red Army only in April 1944.

In 1954, like the entire Crimean region, Feodosia became part of the Ukrainian SSR. After Ukraine gained independence in 1991, the city remained part of this state, first as part of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, then the Republic of Crimea, and then the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.

In 2014, as a result of a referendum, Feodosia, like the whole Crimea, was annexed to Russian Federation... Currently, the city is an administrative unit of the Republic of Crimea, which is part of the Russian Federation as a subject of the federation.

City population

It's time to find out how many people make up the population of Feodosia. Currently, 68.6 thousand inhabitants live here. This is the fifth largest city among all Crimean cities, excluding Sevastopol. Not so long ago, Feodosia ranked fourth in this indicator, but Yalta bypassed it.

The population density in the city is 1621.2 people / sq. km. For comparison, the population density in Simferopol is 3132.5 people / sq. km, in Kerch - 1379 people / sq. km, in Yalta - 4310.1 people / sq. km.

Population dynamics

Now let's find out how the demographics of Feodosia have changed over several decades. We will look at the population of this city selectively for individual years from different periods of the relatively recent history of the city.

Let's start from the end of the century before last. In 1897, the population of Feodosia was 24.1 thousand. After the revolution, this number declined. So, in 1923, only 22.7 thousand people lived in the city. But by 1926 the population increased and reached the level of 27.3 thousand people. The growth in the number of residents of Feodosia continued in the following years. So, in 1939 the number of residents reached 45.0 thousand inhabitants, and in 1979 it was at the level of 76.4 thousand inhabitants. The maximum was reached after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992. Then 86.4 thousand people lived in Feodosia. The city did not have such a large population either before or after that.

Further, the decline in the number of people living in Feodosia began. So, in 1998 the number of the city's population decreased to the level of 80.9 thousand people. In 2008, it already amounted to 71.2 thousand people. A slight increase in the number of residents was observed only in 2015, when the number of residents increased from 69.0 thousand. (2014) to 69.1 thousand inhabitants. But in 2016, the demographic decline continued. The population decreased to the level of 68.6 thousand inhabitants.

Thus, from 1992 to 2016, the overall decline in the population of the city of Feodosia amounted to 17.8 thousand people.

Ethnic composition

Now let's consider the ethnic composition of the population living in the city of Feodosia.

According to the 2014 census, the bulk of the population is Russian. Their share among all residents of the city is 79.4%. Ukrainians are in second place with a significant lag - 11.4%. This is followed by Belarusians and Crimean Tatars - 1% each.

It is noteworthy that during the 2001 census, when Feodosia was still Ukrainian, the number of Russians was smaller, and the number of Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars was larger. Thus, the share of Russians was 72.2%, Ukrainians - 18.8%, and Crimean Tatars - 4.6%. Belarusians were also slightly more - 1.8%. However, this situation is quite expected. In Feodosia, many people have mixed ethnic origins, so some of them considered themselves to be the titular nation during the census.

Also Tatars, Armenians, Azerbaijanis, Greeks, Moldavians, Georgians and other peoples live in Feodosia. But the number of representatives of each of them does not exceed 1% of the total population of the city.

Religious denominations

There are many religious denominations in Feodosia, but the majority of believers are Orthodox Christianity.

The Crimean Tatar community, as well as the majority of representatives of such peoples as Tatars and Azerbaijanis, profess Islam.

In addition, there is a Catholic community in Feodosia, as well as Christian communities of various Protestant denominations.

City administration

The body that governs the city is the Feodosia City Council, consisting of 28 deputies elected every five years. On this moment the chairman of the city council is Svetlana Gevchuk.

The administration of Feodosia is the executive governing body. Its head is appointed by the city council from candidates who have passed a competitive selection. At the moment, the head of the city administration is Stanislav Krysin.

The administration of Feodosia has many specialized departments. Each of them is engaged in separate areas of work. Among the departments, the following should be highlighted: the department of youth and sports, the department of economics, the department of labor and social protection of the population. Feodosia largely depends on the quality of the work of the city administration.

City economy

The economy of Feodosia is based on two pillars: tourism and sea transport.

By typology resort areas the city belongs to climatic and balneological resorts. The sea in Feodosia is very gentle and welcoming, but besides it, the city can provide vacationers with wonderful healing springs. We will talk more about rest in Feodosia in a separate section.

But the main income of the city budget is tax revenues from the port. It is sea transportation that largely shapes the city's economy.

However, tourism and transport, although the main ones, are far from the only types of activity in Feodosia. Trade is also very well developed in the city. This is one of the areas of activity that Feodosia can be proud of. Prices for food and goods, however, as in any resort town, are overstated in the high season.

There are also industrial branches in Feodosia. There is a ship-mechanical, optical, juice, winery, as well as a building materials plant. But after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the production capacity of these enterprises decreased significantly.

Work in Feodosia

Considering that the city is a resort town, work here is seasonal. Of course, there are also enterprises that work all year round - factories, factories, a port, etc., but basically the jobs have been occupied for a long time, the staff turnover is relatively small, so you need to stand in a long "queue" to to get to such a place. The work in the port is especially prestigious, since the workers there receive rather high salaries.

But in holiday season there is plenty of work for local residents and for visitors. In the summer, work in Feodosia is represented mainly by vacancies in the field of trade, as well as job offers in various resort institutions: boarding houses, recreation centers, children's camps.

Leisure sphere

As mentioned above, recreation in Feodosia is one of the main sources of income for the city and its population. A huge number of health resort facilities are located on the territory of the urban district. Among them, the most important are the following: "Feodosia", "Voskhod", "Ukraine", the children's sanatorium "Volna", "Golden Beach". In each of these establishments, tourists can not only have a good rest and spend time, but also improve their health. In the treatment and prevention of diseases in the sanatoriums, mud and mineral therapy is used. Fortunately, Theodosius is surrounded by numerous mineral springs, and also there are deposits of healing mud.

But most vacationers still prefer to stay in small hotels or rent an apartment or house in the private sector. This is not least due to over low prices when renting an apartment from individuals. But in this case, the question arises: where is it better to rent an apartment in Feodosia? We will talk about this further.

Housing rent

Finding accommodation in Feodosia during the holiday season is a really big problem. In addition to the fact that all apartments and private houses, the owners of which accept vacationers, can be clogged, so even in the high season, prices for renting real estate bite painfully. Therefore, it is preferable to rent an apartment not in the city itself, but in resort villages, which are part of the urban district of Feodosia, namely: Beregovoe, Koktebel and Primorskoe.

If you are young enough, and it is not difficult for you to walk a few kilometers to the sea, then for renting an apartment it is better to choose those streets of Feodosia and surrounding villages that are located far from the coast. Thus, you will kill several birds with one stone. Firstly, it is much easier to find housing far from the sea than on the coastal streets, secondly, rental prices here are lower, and thirdly, daily jogging from home to the sea has a positive effect on health and overall physical fitness.

General characteristics of Feodosia

Feodosia is one of the oldest cities not only in Crimea or Russia, but also in Europe as a whole. For many centuries of its history, the city experienced both prosperity and decline: either it was one of the largest cultural and commercial centers, then its status dropped almost to the level of a village. Theodosia experienced several such ups and downs during its existence.

Now Feodosia is one of the most developed. But in addition to the tourism sector, sea trade is very well developed here. The Feodosia port remains one of the largest on the Crimean peninsula.

If you decide to spend your vacation in Crimea, then the best option would be to opt for Feodosia. Here the prices are much lower than at the resorts of the South Coast, for example, in Yalta, but the range of services and the level of enjoyment you will receive are practically the same.

After the annexation of Crimea to the Russian Federation, the Russian government made promises to comprehensively contribute to the modernization of the region's infrastructure, as well as to stimulate the development of the tourism business. Feodosia, as a direct part of the Crimea, can certainly count on investment inflows along with other resort cities in the region. So let's hope that this settlement will eventually become even more beautiful and attractive for vacationers.