Taman Bay is the confluence of two seas. Black Sea straits

Length of the Black Sea from west to east - 1167 km, from north to south - 624 km. The maximum depth is 2,212 m, and the average is 1,271 m. The length of the coast along the perimeter is 4090 km, the length of the coastline reaches 4,340 km. The area of ​​the Black Sea is 423,000 sq. km.

Due to the excess of the inflow of fresh water from the rivers Danube, Dniester, Dnieper, Southern Bug, Mzymta, Bzyb, Kodor, Inguri and others. (more than 300 rivers) above evaporation it has a lower salinity than the Mediterranean Sea. The rivers bring 346 cubic meters to the sea. km of fresh water and 340 cubic meters. km of salt water flows out of the Black Sea through the Bosphorus.

The depth of the Black Sea

Black Sea is one of the deepest sedimentary basins in the world. The thickness of sedimentary deposits at the bottom of the sea is 14 km. Bottom Relief - a deep basin with steep slopes, its maximum depth- up to 2211 m. Black Sea area - 413 488 sq. km. The maximum length is 1148 km, the maximum width is 615 km, the length of the Black Sea coastline is 4077 km.

The Black Sea washes the shores of Russia, Abkhazia, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Ukraine.

There are few bays, bays and peninsulas in the Black Sea, and there are almost no islands. This is due to the constant rise in sea level.

Composition of the Black Sea water

Salty taste sodium chloride gives seawater, and magnesium chloride and magnesium sulfate give a bitter taste. Water contains 60 different elements. But it is assumed that it contains all the elements found on Earth. Sea water possesses a number of medicinal properties. The salinity of the water is about 18%.

About 87% of the Black Sea water volume is deprived of oxygen and contaminated with hydrogen sulfide. At a depth of over 150 m, the water contains hydrogen sulfide, and therefore the sea is devoid of living organisms at great depths. The source of hydrogen sulfide is the decomposition of the remains of aquatic organisms; at a depth of 150-200 m, the content of hydrogen sulfide reaches 7.5 cubic meters. cm per liter of water, and its total amount is one billion tons. The uniqueness of the Black Sea lies in the fact that in the deep layers of its water there are no algae, invertebrates and fish, there are no living creatures except sulfur bacteria.

Determined that age of the Black Sea about 8 thousand years.

The mirror of the Black Sea has an area 422 thousand square kilometers.

Maximum depth - 2210 m.

Bowl of the sea holds 527 cubic kilometers of water.

By the shape of the Black Sea resembles an oval with a longest axis of 1150 kilometers. The greatest length from north to south is 580 kilometers, and the smallest is 265 kilometers.

Average depth of the Black Sea - 1240 m.

The Black Sea is located o at mid-latitudes: 41 - 46 degrees north latitude.

In the black sea salinity of water on average - 18, in the Sea of ​​Azov - 4, in the Mediterranean - oceanic salinity - 37 grams per 1 liter of water.

It connects the Bosphorus and Dardanelles with the Marble and Mediterranean Sea, The Kerch Strait with the Sea of ​​Azov.

The only large peninsula in the Black Sea - Crimean.

Largest bays: Yagorlytsky, Tendrovsky, Dzharylgachsky, Karkinitsky, Kalamitsky, Feodosia, Varnensky, Burgas, Sinop, Samsunsky.

Total coastline length - 3400 kilometers.

Islands in the Black Sea: most large island- Dzharylgach - area 62 square kilometers... Other islands are smaller, the most significant: Berezan and Zmeiny - both with an area of ​​less than 1 square kilometer.

Feature of the Black Sea consists in the fact that at a depth of over 150-200 meters begins the habitat of anaerobic bacteria, the result of which is the release of hydrogen sulfide. Organisms that need oxygen cannot live there. Life develops only in the upper layer of the sea. This layer accounts for 12-13 percent of the total volume of the sea, while containing 80 percent of the entire fauna of the Black Sea. it marine species, which penetrated here through the Bosphorus and brackish-aquatic organisms, common in such reservoirs throughout the planet. Fresh species appear from rivers flowing into the Black Sea.

The Black Sea is poorer in species of living creatures than the Mediterranean. But this is due to the special conditions of this reservoir.
Live in:
1.species tolerating a wide range of water salinity.
2. types of this temperature regime - the water is moderately cold.
3. species that do not need great depths at any stage of development.

All types of living beings can be divided into two large groups:
permanent and temporary.

The Black Sea is home to 2.5 thousand species of animals:
- 500 species are unicellular.
- 160 species - vertebrates (fish and mammals).
- 500 species - crustaceans.
- 200 species - molluscs.
- other invertebrates of different groups.

In the Mediterranean Sea, for comparison, there are about 9 thousand species of animals, and in the Azov Sea - about 600 species.
Large mobile animals enter the Black Sea from the Mediterranean at will. But a large number of species are constantly brought here, regardless of their wishes, through the straits.

Two currents constantly exist in the Bosphorus:
1. Upper- carries desalinated water from the Black Sea to the Marmara Sea and further to the Mediterranean Sea.
2. Lower- delivers more salty and warm water to the Black Sea. With it (the thickness of the stream is 2-8 meters) planktonic organisms are brought into the sea. Live starfish, ophiuras, sea urchins were found here.

Flora of the Black Sea includes:
- 270 species of green, brown, red bottom algae.
- 350 species of microscopic plankton.
- the mass of various bacteria.

Most planktonic algae using solar energy builds itself out of simple connections. Some algae, like animals, can only eat ready-made organic matter. Noctiluk algae (night light) is a predator.

The material used for the article:
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Agbunov M.V. Antique sailing of the Black Sea. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Science, Moscow, 1987.
Kuzminskaya G. Black Sea. Krasnodar 1977.
Beasts of the Black Sea. Simferopol: Tavria, 1996.
Wikipedia

Black Sea has been known to mankind since ancient times! Over the millennia and centuries, it has changed several names. The first Greek sailors called him Pont Aksinsky, that is, inhospitable. However, later the ancient Greeks changed their mind and began to call him Pont Aksinsky, that is hospitable sea... In Russia in the old days Black Sea called Pontic, and Russian by the sea.

Scientists explain the modern name in different ways. Some - the Turks called Karadeniz(as a football player of FC Rubin), that is, the inhospitable "Black" sea, because all the conquerors who came to its shores received a decisive rebuff from the tribes inhabiting it. time of the storm it gets dark. And there is a third version, which is associated with the fact that metal objects lowered on great depth Black Sea, turn black under the influence of hydrogen sulfide.

The ancient Greeks who sailed along the Black Sea coast, saw here the settlements of the Scythians, Taurus, and in the east - Kolkhs. The Greeks named the Black Sea coast of Kavakaz by the names of these tribes. Colchis, Crimea - Tavridoy, and the Northern Black Sea region - Scythia.

Bays of the Black Sea

The Black Sea is poor in islands, the largest is Serpentine(0.17 sq. Km). Of the peninsulas, the most significant are Crimean, Kerch and Taman.

Characteristics of the Black Sea

They flow into the Black Sea Danube, Dniester, Southern Bug, Dnieper, Rioni, Chorokh, and within the Krasnodar Territory - over 80 small rivers. Half of the river flow falls on the Danube. The annual runoff from land to the Black Sea is 400 cubic meters. km, the same amount evaporates from the sea surface. The Black Sea receives 175 cubic meters per year. km of salty Mediterranean water and 66 cu. km of Azov water of low salinity.

Most of all, the Black Sea water contains sodium chloride (77.8% of the total salt content), magnesium chloride (10.9%), calcium sulfate (3.6%) .. In addition, the Black Sea water contains about 60 more chemical elements: iodine, bromine, silver, radium etc.

The Black Sea is the warmest in our country. Temperature in the Black Sea in winter in the open part + 6..7 degrees of heat, in the southern part + 8..10, in the northwestern part it often drops to -1 and ice fast ice forms there. In summer, the water temperature is on average +24 degrees, near Sochi it can warm up to +28 degrees. At a depth of 50-70 meters, the temperature is stable at + 6-7 degrees.

Surface currents in the Black Sea are weak, their speed usually does not exceed 0.5 m / s. The main causes of surface currents are river runoff and wind.

The ebb and flow in Black and Azov seas very weakly expressed. Their amplitude is 3-10 cm. The secular changes in sea level - an increase of 20-50 cm per hundred years.

During storms in the Black Sea, waves up to 10 m high and 150 m long develop. Typically, wave sizes are much smaller.

The force of the waves hitting the shore is enormous. In the Sochi region, it reaches 20 tons per 1 sq. m.

The flora of the Black Sea quite rich and varied. There are thickets of brown algae in the coastal waters - cystoriasis... On sandy and muddy shoals there are whole underwater fields of sea grass - zosters... Deeper, there are vast thickets of red algae - phyllophores.

Fauna of the Black Sea very diverse, but due to the presence of hydrogen sulfide, it is concentrated mainly in the upper 200-meter layer of water. There are sharks in the Black Sea - katrans but they are harmless. Of the large mammals in the Black Sea, there are many dolphins - bottlenose dolphins and gray dolphins, they often swim to the very shore and swim among vacationers.

Holidays on the Black Sea you can choose to taste - you can, like 30 years ago, with grandmothers in folding beds, or in expensive hotels. Almost all cities and towns Black Sea coast Of the Krasnodar Territory are built up with private hotels. The prices in them are cheaper to fly to Turkey. The summer season on the Black Sea begins in mid-May and ends at the end of October. In Sochi, in some years you can swim until mid-November.

Ancient Greece and the Black Sea

Black Sea in ancient times

Materials for abstracts on the Black Sea.

Sometimes you just wonder how nature was able to create on its own, without the help of humans and modern machines, unique natural objects... Some will think that there is nothing supernatural about natural monuments, zones and attractions are not, they should be treated as a given. Oceans, seas, bays, mountains, waterfalls, deserts - all this, in their subjective opinion, is commonplace.

However, it is worth noting that for most people on the planet, everything that surrounds us and is created by nature is seen as unique, divine, beautiful and delightful. Today we will talk about the Taman Bay - a place where two seas miraculously joined together. Let's reveal the secret about water in this unique location, let's talk about the day, which is completely covered with grass, and talk about how tourists and residents of the Taman Peninsula speak about the bay.

Small geographic information

Taman Bay located very close to the Krasnodar Territory on the peninsula of the same name. The Taman Peninsula lies between two seas loved by many Russian tourists and not only, the Azov and Black, in the water area By the way, the Azov Sea has recently turned into resort area because many tourists were able to see in the salt oasis beautiful place for a summer vacation. The center of the peninsula is the city of Temryuk, an administrative unit of the Krasnodar Territory. Talking about main city Taman Peninsula, I would like to note that it is quite ancient. The date of its foundation is 1556, while many cities in Russia start counting their formation from the 17th, or even from the 18th centuries.

Dimensions (edit)

The Taman Bay itself is small: its length is about 16 km, and the entry point is stretched for 8 km. It is worth saying that the depth here reaches 5 meters. Lowlands prevail on the Taman Peninsula. In some places, huge estuaries have formed (natural oases where the soil subsides below sea level). However, these reservoirs, despite their size (length from 7 km and more), are quite shallow.

Settlements scattered around the perimeter of the bay

Taman Bay contains several significant settlements on its shores: Taman itself, the village of Volna Revolyutsii, Sennoy, Yubileiny, Primorsky and Garkusha. This place has never been and is now not a favorite area for tourists. According to some unofficial data, in each village of the peninsula for the entire summer period about 50-100 thousand people come. This figure seems ridiculous along with the number of visits Black Sea resorts our country.

In Soviet times, such an influx of tourists to the Taman Bay deprived many local residents of food, because food was brought to the settlements based on the number of local residents. However, no one suffered from hunger, because in every house there were subsidiary plots. Now many locals with great pleasure they will provide visitors with housing for a minimum fee.

Salty or Freshwater?

Many people are interested in the question of what kind of water is in the Taman Bay. The unequivocal answer is salty, although quite recently it was possible to argue with this, and for this reason. Since there are two seas in the gulf: the Azov and the Black, and the water area of ​​the gulf is mainly located in the Azov half, the conclusion suggests itself. The Azov Sea is considered more fresh, although it cannot be called completely devoid of salt, and the Black Sea, as you know, is salty.

Freshwater fish live in the Sea of ​​Azov, and it is rightfully considered one of the richest catch places in the country. This is due to the fact that the sea has a huge number of river tributaries. Once upon a time, the Taman Bay, a photo of which can be seen in the article, had more fresh water and was famous among fishermen. Over time, water from the Black Sea more and more entered the bay, mixing there and taking out freshwater fish. Now she is practically gone, but there are more tourists. Perhaps they now consider the bay to be completely Black Sea because of its salinity.

Unique bottom

The bottom of the Taman Bay is completely covered with grass. It may seem surprising, but she somehow miraculously adapted to the water and feels great there. Many tourists are initially intimidated by this tickling feeling that accompanies them when entering the water. A place where there is no grass growing at the bottom is a trampled wide braid. Such smooth bottom surfaces are formed in places of mass concentration of bathers.

Another unique feature of the bottom of the Taman Bay is the presence of fragments of ancient clay jugs and amphorae among the grass, coarse sand and pebbles. For archaeologists, such small pieces of lost relics are of no value. However, the very fact that the brown remains of antiquity lie underfoot makes the place truly unique. By the way, many people want to know which sea is the Taman Bay. More precisely, can it be considered a part of some kind of sea? So, despite the fact that the bay for the most part lies in the Sea of ​​Azov, many consider it to be the confluence of two seas: the aforementioned and the Black.

Why do many people now rest in the waters of the Kerch Strait?

Due to the fact that at present many people prefer to take a break from the bustle of cities and large metropolitan areas just by the sea, but at the same time spend every vacation in a new place, enjoying unexplored impressions, a huge number of tourists discovered the Taman Bay. The reviews that are found on the Internet are full of positive statements and assurances to go there next year. Tourists are attracted by the uncrowded bay and the amazing beauty of the steep coast.

The whimsical, indented coast of Crimea attracts sailors and beach-goers with this particular feature. Numerous bays allow you to find both a convenient anchorage and a coastal edge that is not subject to the fury of the waves. The Kalamitsky Gulf of the Black Sea is not very large, but its coasts are unique natural corners.

Where is the Gulf of Kalamita on the map?

It is located in the Western Crimea. On its banks are Zaozernoe, and Saki, Novofedorovka, Nikolaevka and Beregovoe, Sandy and.

Geographic details and features

Here disagreements immediately begin. Classic - old - sources have always indicated that the bay is limited by the capes of Evpatoria and. Thus, it takes up a significant part of the west coast Crimean peninsula... However, modern data "cut" these indicators. In their opinion, the bay “does not reach Chersonesos,” but its border is.

To give short description the bay is not difficult. It is smaller than, slightly protrudes into the land - by 13 km, but it has a wide entrance - according to modern data, 41 km. The depths are different, maximum 30 m, so that even heavy ships are not threatened to run aground. The height of the coast rises from north to south. In the area of ​​the Yevpatoria Cape, it is sloping, sandy, with extensive beaches. To the southern end, the coast rises, near the ledge Lucullus is 15 m.

There are several salt lakes near the Kalamitsky Bay:

• Yaly-Moinakskie (Big and Small),
• Saki,
• Bagailly.

Hydrographic research proves that they should have once formed a section of the harbor, but were separated from it by barrows literally several meters wide. As a result, the properties of their filling and bottom sludge changed. These are often called estuary.

Kalamitsky Bay in Crimea is considered a very clean area of ​​the Black Sea.
This is largely due to the fact that it is located far from the confluence. The rivers and the Western Bulganak flow directly into it, within its modern borders, but they cannot create a strong suspension of the brought soil in it. The purity of the water explains not only the tourist attractiveness of the region, but also its natural wealth.

Mutually exclusive transfers

The region of Kalamitsky Bay has been giving a lot of work to philologists for a long time. They cannot in any way establish the origin and meaning of its name. Yes, everyone knows about the existence of the medieval, but the fortification was also called that way for some reason! There are many mutually exclusive versions borrowed from different languages: “beautiful”, “nice, comfortable cape” and even “misfortune, disaster”. The riddle, like so many different definitions, can be attributed to the same place.

The name "Lucullus" also raises questions. Many have heard about the existence of the Roman commander Lucullus, who loved to eat deliciously. He has probably been to these parts, but the land ledge still does not look like him. In fact, the first famous maps it was called in Tatar - Uluk-Kol. A beam with that name ("long sleeve") is indeed nearby. Probably, later the name, which was indigestible for the first Russian settlers, was changed into a more musical surname of a Roman military man.

Protection of life and health

Since Kalamitsky Bay is famous for its cleanliness, rest in the local area is especially beneficial for health. Estuary lakes (the most famous but similarly used silt from others) are a source of healing mud used in the treatment of many diseases of the nervous system, skin, musculoskeletal system, and respiratory organs.
Clean air and water complement the healing effect.

It warms up relatively quickly: bathing season in favorable years, it lasts from May to September. The beaches of Evpatoria are well known - sand is much more convenient for vacationers than pebbles. Many of them have a gentle entrance to the sea - this is one of the reasons why the city is especially recommended as a children's resort. The surroundings are famous for their beautiful spacious beaches (the name speaks for itself). A small village is not as famous as Evpatoria, but it is for the better - prices are lower, and there is more space.

In addition to holidaymakers, pure water liked the marine inhabitants. In order to protect the system in which the sea interacts with the land, a nature reserve has been established at Cape Lucullus. Its coastal complex is recognized as a natural monument. The flora and fauna here is very rich, including rare species. Here the spring adonis (adonis) grows, the steppe duck, the little bustard, the steppe eagle, the four-striped snake, and the steppe viper are found.

At Lucullus, archaeologists have discovered the remains of a large settlement of Scythian times. Conditionally it is called Ust-Alminsky. So far, it has not been possible to identify the archaeological site from written information, but it is clear that it was a rather large city-state. This object requires an early investigation - a significant part of it has already been lost as a result of erosion by the sea.

How to get there (get there)?

You can get to the Kalamitsky Bay from any corner of Crimea, buses in this direction are not uncommon from Simferopol, Yalta, Sevastopol, Feodosia and even Kerch.

We will show on the map how to independently get by car to, one of the most attractive here, from Simferopol:

Tourist notes

• Address: Western Crimea, Russian Federation.
• GPS coordinates: 45.002367, 33.566267.

Visitors should behave culturally so that the Kalamitsky Bay of Crimea and its Black Sea environs can help improve the health of guests for a long time to come and preserve the biological diversity of the region.