Ancient fjords. The best fjords in Norway: photos, reviews

The meaning of the word "fjord" in Scandinavia is more general than in the rest of the world - for example, in the eastern part of Norway, the term is used, among other things, for narrow freshwater lakes or even rivers.

However, usually a rocky sea bay of a winding shape, penetrating into the inland for many kilometers, is considered to be a fjord. Most of the fjords are deeper than the adjacent sea level. The height of the rocks, which are the shores of such a bay, reaches several hundred meters, and the length is many times greater than the width. Usually, many branches depart from the main fjord, forming a kind of tree-like structure.

Some regions of Chile, New Zealand, USA, Russia, Canada and other countries can boast of such natural wonders. But the most interesting fjords are located in Scandinavia, and the most picturesque in Norway.

Norwegian fjords

Located in Greenland, Scorsby, which is 350 km long and has rocky shores of almost 1.5 km, is considered the longest in Europe.

The second and third places are rightfully taken by the Norwegian Sogne Ford and Hardangerfjord. The length of the first is 204 km with a maximum width of 6 km and a height of the banks of just over 1.3 km. The dimensions of the second are more modest - the length is 183 km, the width is 10 km, and the height is 750 m.

In total, there are over a thousand fjords in Norway. Some of them are extremely narrow (in some places no more than 250m), for example, the Geirangerfjord or Nerøyfjord, while others, on the contrary, are wide as bays - Boknafjord or Tornheimsfjord. Fjords are often so deep and wide (especially in western Norway) that they can only be crossed by ferry. Historically, these bays have been the only possible main routes, since overland travel in such terrain is difficult, if not simply unrealistic. To this day, the fjords remain a serious obstacle to the construction of railways and highways.

Climate

In winter, the fjords do not usually freeze due to the relatively warm ocean. Summer temperatures also depend on the remoteness of the ocean - on the outer parts they are quite moderate, while on the inside the summer is comparatively long and warm. This climate makes it possible to grow fruits and berries on an industrial scale inside the fjords, in fields sheltered from the winds. Most of the fruit and berry products grow on the slopes of the Hardangerfjord.

The most beautiful fjords

Geirangerfjord and Nørøyfjord, located in southwestern Norway, are 120 km apart and are part of the western Norwegian fjord, which stretches from Stavanger in the south to Ondalsnes 500 km in the northeast. The two fjords listed as the longest and deepest in the world are among the most scenic. Numerous waterfalls, forested shores, lakes and glaciers create an unusually beautiful landscape. In 2005, the Geiranger Fjord and the Nерrøy Fjord were included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

In addition to the Sogne, Hardanger, Geiranger and Nerøy fjords, the following are popular among tourists:

• Lysefjord, thanks to the picturesque rocks of Preikestolen and Kjerag;
• Oslofjord, on the territory of which there are hundreds small islands;
• Westfjord, in whose waters killer whales live, and many others.

Coral reefs

At the beginning of the 21st century, coral reefs located at a depth of 40 to 150 m were discovered and partially explored along the bottom of some Norwegian fjords. It is believed that it is precisely because of their presence that the Norwegian coastline is such a great fishing spot. There are many life forms on the reefs: plankton, corals, anemones, fish, several species of sharks and others. Most are specially adapted to life under high water pressure and in complete darkness.

Norway is considered one of the most interesting countries Europe precisely because of the beauty of its landscapes, the unusualness of which is given by the fjords, intricately carving almost the entire coast.

The nature of the Norwegian fjords is amazing and unique. A wonderful pristine world filled with unexpected discoveries opens up before travelers. Only here it is possible to simultaneously admire the bright green of the valleys, snow-covered mountain peaks, blue sea waters, artistic waterfalls and picturesque rocky shores.

Legendary norwegian fjords located on the northwest coast of the country. Millions of years ago, powerful movements of the earth's crust led to the formation of deep cracks in the territory of the Eurasian lithospheric plate in the region North Atlantic and the Scandinavian Peninsula. Many faults were below sea level and were soon flooded with water. During the last ice age, the formed long, narrow and deep fjords were additionally processed by the tongues of glaciers sliding towards the sea. Slowly cutting through the continental space, they created that unprecedented natural beauty, which still evokes sincere delight and awe today.

The fjords are not only a symbol, but also the soul of Norway. Each fjord has its own landscape, shade of sea water, microclimate and, as the Norwegians assure, a special character. It is best to start your acquaintance with the fjords of Norway with a visit to the city of Bergen. Not in vain, after all locals This place is called “the gateway to the kingdom of the fjords,” and the city itself will charm visitors with its picturesque places, cultural attractions and a special cozy atmosphere so inherent in small European cities. And don't be afraid to get bored! Fords of Norway - perfect place for fishing, hunting, mountaineering, hiking and other types active rest.

Nordfjord is one of the northernmost fjords in Western Norway, stretching from the largest continental glacier in mainland Europe, Jøstedalsbreen, all the way to Atlantic coast... The fjord is 110 km long and is internally divided into 4 main branches: Gloppefjorden, Faleidfjorden, Hyefjorden and Eidsfjorden.

The Nordfjord region perfectly combines picturesque landscapes, historical places and a decent selection of recreational activities. Here you will see how the tongues of the giant glacier Briksdalsbreen and Kjenndalsbreen, descending to the Nordfjord, paint the adjacent lakes and rivers in a piercing turquoise color; how numerous waterfalls rush down from rocky mountains. You will also have the opportunity to visit the deepest lake in Europe - Hornindalsvatnet, and on the island of Selje, near Nordfjord, stroll through the well-preserved ruins of a 12th century monastery built by Benedictine monks.

The nature of the Stryn and Nordfjord region offers outdoor enthusiasts excellent conditions for hiking, rafting, canoeing, fishing, cycling and glacier climbing. Between November and April, the area is covered with good snow, making it possible to enjoy all the delights of winter sports.

© Lasse Fløde Photography

The Hardangerfjord is the second longest fjord in Norway and the third longest in the world. The 113-kilometer fjord is located in the southwestern part of the country and boasts a maximum depth of 891 meters. It originates near the city of Bergen, in the North Sea off the island of Stur and extends to the largest mountain plateau in Norway called Hardangervidda.

The Hardangerfjord is often referred to as the Garden of Norway for its colorful fruit trees, which smell for miles around during flowering. Most travelers try to visit this place in the spring, in order to fully enjoy the beauty of the blossoming of apple, pear, plum and cherry trees.

Norwegians are very proud of the fjord, considering it one of the most significant tourist attractions in their country. Pristine nature, the serene tranquility and silence of the Hardangerfjord attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. Surrounded by high rocky mountains, sometimes reaching one and a half kilometers, and mesmerizing waterfalls, the Hardangerfjord has become a source of inspiration for many artists. For example, the fjord is immortalized on the canvas "Honeymoon in Hardanger" by the Norwegian masters Hans Gude and Adolf Tidemand.

Near the Hardangerfjord there are many attractions, in particular the Vøringsfossen waterfall with a total height of 182 meters, the third largest Norwegian glacier Folgefonn with a length of 60 km and a stunning rock ledge on Skjeggedal mountain - Trollunga rock. The last wonder of nature is a breakaway cliff overlooking Ringedalsvatnet Lake at an altitude of 350 meters. All daredevils who have overcome the petrified tongue of the Troll are guaranteed a fantastic view of the surroundings, a charge of unprecedented vigor and magnificent photographs.

In the southern part of the fjord region, near Stavanger and Haugesund, there is a small but infinitely loved Lysefjord. Despite its modest size (the length of the fjord is 42 km and the depth ranges from 13 to 422 meters) Lysefjord is one of the most popular tourist sites in Norway due to its educational value and spectacular attractiveness.

Here is the famous Preikestolen rock, also called Pulpit Rock in English or Preacher's Pulpit. The top of a giant rock, hanging at a height of 604 meters above the Lysefjord, is remarkable for its surprisingly smooth surface and almost perfect square shape. It is believed that in ancient times the "Pulpit Rock" served as a place for pagan rituals. Even today, Preikestolen attracts curious tourists eager to get some adrenaline rush. Just remember, the path to the cliff is quite difficult, in some places there are steep paths. Therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to fully enjoy the view of the cliff from the side of the fjord by making pleasant walk by boat or ferry.

An equally famous landmark in Norway is the Kjerag rock, which has long been chosen by climbers and base jumpers. Thrill-seekers will surely remember the photo session on the Kjeragbolten stone, which hangs in the crevice of two sheer cliffs over a precipice with a height of 1080 meters. The Norwegian pea stone is considered one of the most dangerous stones in the world. And not without reason, because even a small gust of wind is able to throw a curious daredevil who perched on him into a cliff.

© Rob Pelon Photography

The largest fjord in Europe, the Sognefjord is the second largest in the world, second only to the Greenlandic Scorsby. This is the most, the most Norwegian fjord: it is the longest - its length is 204 km, the deepest - the maximum water column reaches 1308 meters, the most popular - in 2005, its part, Nærøyfjord, was included in the list of UNESCO sites. The "King of the Fjords", as the Norwegians themselves like to call him, is located 170 km from the city of Bergen. Penetrating the central part of the country, the Sognefjord is a center of attraction for hundreds of thousands of tourists a year.

Nature is the main attraction of the Sognefjord, capable of enchanting everyone with its lush valleys, deep gorges, massive mountain ranges, roaring waterfalls, glaciers and quiet lakes full of trout. Here you can see the most high waterfalls in the country, in particular, the majestic and highest natural waterfall in Norway, Vettisfossen, with a height of 275 meters, which is near the town of Ordal. And a leisurely walk through the Viking village of Gudvangen, located in a narrow gorge and surrounded by steep rocks and dense forest, will forever leave a tremulous mark on your soul.

There are two national parks in the vicinity of Sognefjord - Jostedalsbreen National park) and Jotunheimen National Park. Both parks are ideal for mountaineering, rafting, canoeing and horse riding. Hiking and cycling enthusiasts will remember the so-called Rallarvegen, a route through the most breathtaking landscapes of the Sognefjord with its rich history and well-preserved customs.

Lovers of antiquity and connoisseurs of architecture should definitely visit the small town of Urnes, the highlight of which is Stavirka. This beautiful wooden church was erected in the XII century and is considered the oldest of such holy structures that have survived to this day.

And, of course, a trip to Songnefjord will not be complete without a visit to the unique Flåmsbana railway. One of the steepest and most extreme railways in the world, with its modest length of 20 km, has a vertical drop of 864 meters. Built in the harsh conditions of the Norwegian landscape, the Flåm Railway is a true work of engineering. A fascinating train ride among high-mountainous farms, picturesque waterfalls, rivers, snow-covered peaks awaits you.

© Erik Barfoed / Flickr

Geirangerfjorden

Shrouded in legends, adorned with sheer cliffs and gurgling waterfalls, the Geirangerfjord proudly bears the title of the most picturesque Norwegian fjord. Due to its uniqueness and beauty, in 2005 it was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Western Norway Fjords complex. The Geirangerfjord is 15 km long and maximum depth reaches 600 meters. This fjord is located 100 km from Ålesund and is surrounded by the steepest mountains of all. west coast country.

The main charm of the Geirangerfjord lies in the cascades of water that rush from the sheer cliffs and give rise to majestic waterfalls, the most famous of which are the Seven Sisters (De syv søstrene), the Bridegroom (Friaren) and the Bridal Veil (Brudesløret).

Admire the artistic fjord from the side cruise ship... However, perhaps the most spectacular views before travelers open up from the viewpoint of Ørneveien. The path is not easy, because the so-called "Road of the Eagles", leading to the observation deck, is a difficult section of a mountain serpentine. Having overcome 11 sharp turns and climbed from the coast to the most high point mountains - Korsmura, from a height of 620 meters above sea level you will see the best panorama of the Geirangerfjord.

You can also enjoy the virgin nature, the purest mountain air and unforgettable views of this area from other viewing platforms... Dalsnibba 1500 meters above sea level, the Flydalsjuvet rock, which has the intriguing name "threshold to heaven" and Mountain road Trollstigen, meandering among steep slopes and flowing waterfalls, will give tourists an unprecedented delight.

Connoisseurs will surely appreciate a visit to local museum in Geiranger, telling the story of the fjords and exhibiting amazing artifacts, well preserved from the time of the Ice Age.
True gourmets simply have to visit the Herdalssetra alpine farm near the village of Norddal, where in summer period you can not only watch the making of goat's milk cheese and caramel, but also taste these traditional Norwegian delicacies. Herdalssetra is one of the largest surviving Alpine goat farms, whose owners try to maintain the farming traditions of 300 years ago in every possible way.

Norway is a land of fjords, which is famous for its beautiful nature and mesmerizing landscapes. The fjords are vivid proof of this. They are narrow, winding sea bays of glacial origin that cut into the mainland for many kilometers. There are fjords in European and North American countries, but the largest and most beautiful accumulation of such formations can be observed in the western part of Scandinavia. Thanks to its geographic location Norway has a huge number of beautiful fjords, which attract millions of tourists from all over the world. Lovers find their refuge here extreme species sports and just those who want to take a break from the civilization of megacities. See further description and photo 10 the best fjords in Norway which will come in handy if you ever come to this country.

The most beautiful fjords in Norway

1. Geiranger Fjord

Among the most popular Norwegian fjords is the Geiranger Fjord in the Sunnmøre region. The beauty of its landscape will captivate tourists and travelers. In addition to enjoying the splendor of the local landscapes, vacationers are invited to go fishing, rafting, horseback riding or kayaking. There are also two small villages in the bay where cruise ships stop. Another splendor of the Geiranger Fjord is its waterfalls that emerge from the thickets and rush straight into the waters of the bay. Geiranger Fjord received the status of an object World heritage UNESCO.

2. Sognefjord

The record holder for the longest among the best fjords in Norway is the Sognefjord, which is also the second longest in the world. It is located in the province of Sogn og Fjordane. Guests of Norway are invited to appreciate the beauty of this place both from the bay and from the land. Serene boat trips on a motor ship will give a palette of colorful emotions, and on earth, tourists can visit one (or several) of the five local colorful villages. Those interested can visit local attractions - national park, museum and church.

3. Lysefjord

This beautiful fjord in Norway gained its popularity thanks to the picturesque rocks - Preikestolen and Kjerag - which are the main attractions of this place. Tourists are offered several routes for travel (both land and water), each of which will present to vacationers its own picturesque and mesmerizing views. In addition, on the top of the Preikestolen cliff, there is the eponymous House, which has opened its doors to its visitors, and in the summer offers them accommodation and food. In the Lysefjord, tourists will find many active sports and recreation. The fjord is located in the Westland region.

4. Oslo Fjord

Oslofjord is one of the most beautiful fjords in Norway. This sea bay is unique in that over a thousand small islands are located throughout its territory. On land, you will find several of the most wonderful cities in Norway, each of which is known for something different: for example, Halden - found its place in the country's anthem, Drammen - gave the world the great athlete-biathlete Bjoerndalen. As in another self-respecting fjord, there is also a pier for cruise ships.

5. Hardangerfjord

The best time to visit the Hardangerfjord in spring is that this time of year the already picturesque beauty of the fjord is adorned with flowering trees. A little later, the trees will bow their branches everywhere, full of fruits: pears, apples, cherries (by the way, there are rumors that the most delicious cherries in all of Norway grow here). If we talk about the natural beauty of the Hardangerfjord, then they practically cannot find competition in the whole of Norway. The beautiful view of the mountains and glaciers fascinates tourists, the waterfalls will captivate the views, and here you want to go fishing and boating forever. Hardangerfjord is one of the best resorts country. It is located in southwestern Norway.

6. Nerøy Fjord

The Nerøyfjord has the smallest width among the fjords of Norway (from 300 to 1000 meters). When you observe its landscape, one gets the feeling that the water surface of the fjord is carefully squeezed between the mountain ranges that are trying to oppress it. The name of the fjord came from the ancient Norse deity Njord, who was reputed to be the patron saint of the sea. On both sides of the fjord, there are many small and medium-sized settlements, which, coupled with the splendor of the landscape, creates a beautiful picturesque backdrop of the Nерrøyfjord.

7. Westfjord

Quite unusual in terms of definitions is the Norwegian Westfjord, because it is also characterized as an estuary or an open bay. Cod has been caught on the territory of this fjord since the medieval years. And killer whales, which live in its waters, have become a kind of "attraction" of the Westfjord, on which many tourists come to see. It is better to rest here in the warm season, because in winter the fjord is often blown by cold frosty winds.

8. Porsanger Fjord

The Porsanger Fjord is in the fourth position in length among the fjords of Norway - its length exceeds 120 kilometers. The fjord originates near the small village of Lakselv, which has become very popular among tourists. Porsanger Fjord invites vacationers to enjoy the beauty of its landscapes, fish a good catch on fishing, and visit the local national park "Stabburdalen". The local nature is practically untouched by man and thus enchants its guests.

9. Trondheims Fjord

The Norwegian Trondheims Fjord has a unique climate and nature. It was named after the city of Trondheim, located on the banks of the estuary. This fjord is famous for the fact that there is virtually no snow here for a whole year. From this, the ecosystem in the coastal waters was formed unique - over 90 species of marine fish live in the Trondheims Fjord. Mainly those who prefer peace and quiet come here to rest. But it is worth considering that a significant part of the land area of ​​the fjord is occupied by a large, wealthy commercial area.

10. Sturfjord

A special place among all fjords in Norway is given to the Sturfjord. In translation, its name means "big fjord". It is known for the fact that, with its length of 110 kilometers, it also manages to split in two, forming two other fjords - Geiranger Fjord and Tafjord Fjord. But with all this, Sturfjord remains "behind the scenes" of tourist life - it is little known and therefore has no popularity among vacationers, and information about it is not presented in almost any tourist brochure or postcard.

What are the fjords of Norway

The word fjord can be literally translated as a bay. It is in Norway that their number is the largest. If we take into account only the main fjords without branches, then there are 97 of them. And the most amazing thing is that each fjord has its own unforgettable landscape and its own history. Some of them are several tens of meters long, while others extend for tens of kilometers.

The appearance of fjords in Norway is due to 2 reasons:

• As a result of tectonic movements of the earth's crust, a break in the crust occurs and a fjord appears in its place.
• After the ice age, ice floes began to come down, collecting and dragging huge boulders with them. As a result, the structure of the earth's surface changed and the unique bays of Norway appeared.

To get to know all the fjords, you need to travel around the country for several months, which is quite difficult. Therefore, you can see all the beauty of nature by visiting the most famous of the fjords. In order to find them, you need to hit the road along the roads leading from the cities of Bergen and Alesund.

It is unique for its size. Sognefjord is honorably ranked second in the list of the largest fjords in the world. It is as long as 204 km, and the maximum depth is 1308 meters. The fjord is located near the city of Bergen.

The fjord landscape is very rich: this is majestic mountains with snow caps, and endless meadows, and breathtaking waterfalls. Tourists can visit the Sognefjord both on cruise ship and by walking or cycling.

Compared to the endless Sognefjord, the Geirangerfjord seems quite small. After all, its length is all 20 km. But even despite its small size, it is still considered the most visited fjord by tourists.

Already in 2006, the Geirangerfjord was included in the UNESCO list. Tourists can not only enjoy scenic spot but also fishing, rafting and kayaking.

There is a real threshold to heaven on this fjord, where the most best view... Fjord waterfalls also delight tourists.

And this fjord is considered the narrowest in Norway. The rocks surrounding it seem to embrace the waters of the bay. According to legend, the fjord is named after the god Njord, who fell in love with this bay for its picturesque landscapes. God liked the sea fjord much more than the endless seas and oceans, and he began to protect it.

Nareufjord is located 150 km from Bergen. When you reach it, you can walk along royal trail, see a stunning panorama from observation deck Stegastein and visit the real Viking village - Gudvangen.