The name of the unesco world heritage site. Natural heritage of russia, marked by unesco

Currently in the territory Russian Federation there are 26 World Heritage Sites:
16 cultural sites (marked with the letter C - cultural in the World Heritage List) and 10 natural (designated with the letter N - natural) heritage.

Three of them are transboundary, i.e. located on the territory of several states: Curonian Spit(Lithuania, Russian Federation), Ubsunur Basin (Mongolia, Russian Federation), Struve Geodetic Arc (Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Finland, Sweden, Estonia)

The first objects - "Historical Center St. Petersburg and related groups of monuments ”,“ Kizhi Pogost ”,“ Moscow Kremlin and Red Square ”were included in the World Heritage List at the 14th session of the World Heritage Committee, held in 1990 in the Canadian city of Banff.

43rd Session of the World Heritage Committee - 2019 (Baku, Azerbaijan)

# С1523 - Monuments of ancient Pskov

Criteria: (ii)

"Monuments of ancient Pskov" include 10 objects of architecture of medieval Russia XII - early XVII centuries. Among them are the Cathedral of John the Baptist of the Ivanovsky Monastery (XIII century), the ensemble of the Spaso-Mirozhsky Monastery: the Transfiguration Cathedral (XII century), the ensemble of the Snetogorsk Monastery: the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin (XVI century), the Church of Archangel Michael with a bell tower (XIV century). ( XVI century), Basil's Church on Gorka (XV century).

Object information:

14th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 1990 (Banff, Canada)

No. С540 - Historical center St. Petersburg and related groups of monuments

Criteria (i) (ii) (iv) (vi)
The Venice of the North, with its many canals and more than 400 bridges, is the result of the greatest urban development project begun in 1703 under Peter the Great. The city turned out to be closely connected with the October Revolution of 1917, and in 1924-1991. he bore the name Leningrad. Its architectural heritage combines such different styles as baroque and classicism, which can be seen in the example of the Admiralty, the Winter Palace, the Marble Palace and the Hermitage.
Object information:

No. С544 - Kizhi Pogost

Criteria: (i) (iv) (v)
Kizhi Pogost is located on one of the many islands Lake Onega, in Karelia. Here you can see two wooden churches of the 18th century, as well as an octahedral bell tower, built of wood in 1862. These unusual structures, which are the pinnacle of carpentry skills, represent an example of an ancient church parish and harmoniously blend with the surrounding natural landscape.
Object information:
on the site of the Kizhi Museum-Reserve
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

No. С545 - Moscow Kremlin and Red Square

Criteria: (i) (ii) (iv) (vi)
This place is inextricably linked with the most important historical and political events in the life of Russia. Since the XIII century. The Moscow Kremlin, created in the period from the XIV century. to the XVII century. outstanding Russian and foreign architects, was a grand-ducal, and then a royal residence, as well as a religious center. The Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed, a true masterpiece of Russian Orthodox architecture, rises on Red Square, which stretches along the walls of the Kremlin.
Object information:
on the website of the Moscow Kremlin Museums
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

16th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 1992 (Santa Fe, USA)

# С604 - Historical Monuments of Veliky Novgorod and its Environs

Criteria: (ii) (iv) (vi)
Novgorod, favorably located on the ancient trade route between Central Asia and Northern Europe, was in the IX century. the first capital of Russia, the center of Orthodox spirituality and Russian architecture. Its medieval monuments, churches and monasteries, as well as frescoes by Theophanes the Greek (teacher of Andrei Rublev), dating from the 14th century, clearly illustrate the outstanding level of architectural and artistic creativity.
Object information:
on the website of the Department of Culture and Tourism of the Novgorod Region
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

No. С632 - Historical and Cultural Complex of the Solovetsky Islands

Criterion: (iv)
Solovetsky archipelago, located in the western part Of the White Sea, consists of 6 islands with a total area of ​​more than 300 sq. km. They were settled in the 5th century. BC, however, the very first evidence of a person's stay here dates back to the 3rd-2nd millennia BC. The islands, starting from the 15th century, became the place of creation and active development of the largest monastery in the Russian North. There are also several churches of the 16th-19th centuries.
Object information:
on the website of the FGBUK "Solovetsky State Historical, Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve"
on the website "Museums of Russia"

No. С633 - White-stone monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal

Criteria: (i) (ii) (iv)
These two ancient cultural centers of Central Russia occupy an important place in the history of the formation of the country's architecture. There are a number of majestic religious and public buildings of the XII-XIII centuries, among which the Assumption and Dmitrievsky cathedrals (Vladimir) stand out.
Object information:
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

17th Session of the World Heritage Committee -1993 (Cartagena, Colombia)

No. С657 - Architectural ensemble Trinity-Sergius Lavra in the city of Sergiev Posad

Criteria: (ii) (iv)
This is a vivid example of an active Orthodox monastery with the features of a fortress, which fully corresponded to the spirit of the time of its formation - the 15th-18th centuries. In the main temple of the Lavra - the Assumption Cathedral, created in the image and likeness of the cathedral of the same name in the Moscow Kremlin - there is the tomb of Boris Godunov. Among the Lavra's treasures is the famous Trinity icon by Andrei Rublev.
Object information:
on the website of the Ministry of Culture of the Moscow Region
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

18th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 1994 (Phuket, Thailand)

No. С634rev- Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye (Moscow)

Criterion: (ii)
This church was built in 1532 on the Tsar's estate Kolomenskoye near Moscow to commemorate the birth of the heir, the future Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible. The Church of the Ascension, which is one of the earliest examples of hipped roof completion in stone, which is traditional for wooden architecture, had a great influence on the further development of Russian church architecture.
Object information:

on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

19th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 1995 (Berlin, Germany)

N719 - Virgin Komi forests

Criteria: (vii) (ix)
The heritage site, covering an area of ​​3.28 million hectares, includes lowland tundra, mountain tundra of the Urals, as well as one of the largest tracts of primary boreal forests that have survived in Europe. The vast territory with bogs, rivers and lakes, where conifers, birch and aspen grow, has been studied and protected for over 50 years. Here you can trace the course of natural processes that determine the biodiversity of the taiga ecosystem.
Object information:

on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

20th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 1996 (Merida, Mexico)

№ N754 - Lake Baikal

Criteria: (vii) (viii) (ix) (x)
Located in the southeast of Siberia and covering an area of ​​3.15 million hectares, Baikal is recognized as the oldest (25 million years) and the deepest (about 1700 m) lake on the planet. The reservoir stores approximately 20% of all the world's fresh water reserves. In the lake, which is known as the "Galapagos of Russia", thanks to its ancient age and isolation, a freshwater ecosystem, unique even by world standards, was formed, the study of which is of enduring importance for understanding the evolution of life on Earth.
Object information:
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

22nd Session of the World Heritage Committee - 1998 (Kyoto, Japan)

№ N768rev - "Golden Mountains of Altai"

Criteria: (x)
The Altai Mountains, which are the main mountainous region in the south of Western Siberia, form the sources of the largest rivers in this region - the Ob and Irtysh. The heritage site includes three separate sites: Altai nature reserve with a water protection zone of Lake Teletskoye, Katunsky nature reserve plus Belukha natural park, Ukok plateau. The total area is 1.64 million hectares. The region demonstrates the widest range of altitudinal zones within Central Siberia: from steppes, forest-steppe and mixed forests to subalpine and alpine meadows and glaciers. The area is home to endangered animals such as the snow leopard.
Object information:
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

23rd Session of the World Heritage Committee - 1999 (Marrakesh, Morocco)

№ N900 - Western Caucasus

Criteria: (ix) (x)
This is one of the few large alpine massifs in Europe where nature has not yet undergone significant anthropogenic influence. The area of ​​the object is approximately 300 thousand hectares, it is located in the west Greater Caucasus, 50 km northeast of the Black Sea coast. Only wild animals graze on the local alpine and subalpine meadows, and the vast untouched mountain forests, stretching from the low-mountain zone to the sub-alpine, are also unique in Europe. The area is characterized by a wide variety of ecosystems, highly endemic flora and fauna, and is an area where once inhabited, and later re-acclimatized, the mountain subspecies of the European bison.
Object information:
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

24th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 2000 (Cairns, Australia)

No. С980 - Historical and architectural complex of the Kazan Kremlin

Criteria: (ii) (iii) (iv)
Arising on a territory inhabited since ancient times, the Kazan Kremlin traces its history back to the Muslim period in the history of the Golden Horde and the Kazan Khanate. It was conquered in 1552 by Ivan the Terrible and became a stronghold of Orthodoxy in the Volga region. The Kremlin, which largely preserved the layout of the ancient Tatar fortress and became an important center of pilgrimage, includes outstanding historical buildings of the 16th-19th centuries, built on the ruins of earlier structures of the 10th-16th centuries.
Object information:
on the website of the State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve "Kazan Kremlin"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

# С982 - Ferapontov Monastery Ensemble

Criteria: (i) (iv)
The Ferapontov Monastery is located in the Vologda region, in the north of the European part of Russia. This is an exceptionally well-preserved Orthodox monastery complex of the 15th-17th centuries, i.e. a period that was of great importance for the formation of a centralized Russian state and the development of its culture. The architecture of the monastery is unique and holistic. The interior of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin contains magnificent wall frescoes by Dionysius, the greatest Russian artist of the late 15th century.
Object information:
on the website of the FGBUK "Kirillo-Belozersky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve"
on the website of the Museum of Frescoes of Dionysius
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

No. С994 - Curonian Spit
Cross-border facility: Lithuania, Russian Federation

Criterion: (v)
Human development of this narrow sandy peninsula, which is 98 km long and 400 m to 4 km wide, began in prehistoric times. The scythe was also exposed to natural forces - wind and sea waves. The preservation of this unique cultural landscape to this day has become possible only thanks to the incessant struggle of man against the processes of erosion (fixing of dunes, forest planting).
Object information:
on the website of the Curonian Spit National Park (Russia)
on the website of the Curonian Spit National Park (Lithuania)
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

25th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 2001 (Helsinki, Finland)

№ N766rev - Central Sikhote-Alin

Criterion: (x)
The Sikhote-Alin mountains are home to the Far Eastern coniferous-deciduous forests, which are recognized as one of the richest and most original in terms of species composition among all the forests of the temperate zone of the Earth. In this transitional zone, located at the junction of the taiga and the subtropics, there is an unusual mixture of southern (tiger, Himalayan bear) and northern species of animals (brown bear, lynx). The territory extends from the most high peaks Sikhote-Alin to the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, and serves as a refuge for many endangered species, including the Amur tiger.
Object information:
on the site of the Sikhote-Alin nature reserve
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

27th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 2003 (Paris, France)

№ N769 rev- Ubsunur Basin
Cross-border facility: Mongolia, Russian Federation

Criteria: (ix) (x)
The heritage site (with an area of ​​1,069 thousand hectares) is located within the boundaries of the northernmost of all internal drainage basins Central Asia... Its name comes from the name of the vast shallow and very salty lake Ubsunur, in the area of ​​which a lot of migratory, waterfowl and near-water birds accumulate. The object consists of 12 scattered sites (including seven sites in Russia, with an area of ​​258.6 thousand hectares), which represent all the main types of landscapes characteristic of Eastern Eurasia. A wide variety of birds is noted in the steppes, and rare species of small mammals live in desert areas. Globally rare animals such as the snow leopard and the argali mountain sheep, as well as the Siberian ibex have been recorded in the highlands.
Object information:
on the website of the Tuvan Republican Branch of the Russian Geographical Society
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

# С1070 - Citadel, Old Town and fortifications of Derbent

Criteria: (iii) (iv)
Ancient Derbent was located on the northern borders of Sassanid Persia, which at that time stretched east and west from the Caspian Sea. The ancient fortifications, built of stone, include two fortress walls that run parallel to each other from the seashore to the mountains. The city of Derbent was formed between these two walls and has retained its medieval character to this day. It continued to be a strategically important site until the 19th century.
Object information:
on the website of the State Budgetary Institution "Derbent State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

28th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 2004 (Suzhou, China)

No. С1097 - Ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent (Moscow)

Criteria: (i) (iv) (vi)
The Novodevichy Convent, located in the south-west of Moscow, was created during the 16th-17th centuries and was one of the links in the chain of monastic ensembles united in the city's defense system. The monastery was closely connected with the political, cultural and religious life of Russia, as well as with the Moscow Kremlin. Representatives of the royal family, noble boyar and noble families were tonsured here and buried. The ensemble of the Novodevichy Convent is one of the masterpieces of Russian architecture (“Moscow Baroque” style), and its interiors, where valuable collections of paintings and works of decorative and applied art are kept, are distinguished by rich interior decoration.
Object information:
on the website of the Theotokos-Smolensk Novodevichy Convent
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

№ N1023rev - Natural complex of the Wrangel Island reserve

Criteria: (ix) (x)
The heritage site, located beyond the Arctic Circle, includes the mountainous Wrangel Island (7.6 thousand sq. Km) and the Herald Island (11 sq. Km) along with the adjacent waters of the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas. Since this area was not covered by a powerful Quaternary glaciation, a very high biodiversity is noted here. Wrangel Island is famous for its huge walrus rookeries (some of the largest in the Arctic), as well as the largest density of polar bear ancestral dens in the world. The area is important as a feeding ground for gray whales migrating here from California and as a nesting site for more than 50 bird species, many of which are classified as rare and endangered. More than 400 species and varieties of vascular plants have been recorded on the island, that is, more than on any other Arctic island. Some of the living organisms found here are special island forms of those plants and animals that are widespread on the continent. About 40 species and subspecies of plants, insects, birds and animals are identified as endemic.
Object information:
on the website of the FSBI State Nature Reserve "Wrangel Island"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

29th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 2005 (Durban, South Africa)

No. С1187 - Struve Geodetic Arc
Cross-border site: Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Finland, Sweden, Estonia

Criteria: (ii) (iii) (vi)
The Struve Arc is a chain of triangulation points stretching for 2820 km across ten European countries from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea. These reference points of observation were laid in the period 1816-1855. astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve (aka Vasily Yakovlevich Struve), who thus made the first reliable measurement of a large segment of the earth's meridian arc. This allowed us to accurately establish the size and shape of our planet, which was an important step in the development of earth sciences and topographic mapping. It was an exceptional example of scientific collaboration between scientists. different countries and between the ruling monarchs. Initially, the "arc" consisted of 258 geodetic "triangles" (polygons) with 265 main triangulation points. The World Heritage Site includes 34 such points (the most well-preserved to date), which are marked on the ground in a variety of ways, such as: hollows carved into the rocks, iron crosses, cairns or specially erected obelisks.
Object information:
on the site St. Petersburg Society of Geodesy and Cartography
on the website of the Land Department of the Ministry of the Environment of Estonia
on the website of the Finnish Cartography Department
on the Norwegian World Heritage site
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

No. С1170 - Historical center of Yaroslavl

Criteria: (ii) (iv)
The historic city of Yaroslavl, located about 250 km northeast of Moscow at the confluence of the Kotorosl River into the Volga, was founded in the 11th century. and subsequently developed into a large shopping center... It is known for its numerous churches of the 17th century, and as an outstanding example of the implementation of the urban planning reform carried out by the order of Empress Catherine the Great in 1763 throughout Russia. Although the city has retained a number of remarkable historical buildings, it was later reconstructed in the classicist style based on a radial master plan. It also contains the ones dating back to the 16th century. buildings of the Spassky monastery - one of the oldest in the Upper Volga region, which arose at the end of the 12th century. on the site of a pagan temple, but rebuilt over time.
Object information:
on the website of the Official portal of the city of Yaroslavl
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

34th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 2010 (Brasilia, Brazil)

№ N1234rev - Putorana Plateau

Criteria: (vii) (ix)
This site coincides with its borders with the Putorana State Natural Reserve, located in the northern part of Central Siberia, 100 km beyond the Arctic Circle. A part of this plateau, included in the World Heritage List, has preserved a full set of subarctic and arctic ecosystems preserved in an isolated mountain range, including untouched taiga, forest-tundra, tundra and arctic desert systems, as well as a pristine lake with cold water and river systems. The main route of reindeer migration runs through the site, which is an exceptional, majestic and increasingly rare natural phenomenon.
Object information:
on the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "United Directorate of Taimyr Reserves"
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

36th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 2012 (St. Petersburg, Russian Federation)

№ N1299 - Nature Park"Lena Pillars"

Criteria: (viii)
The natural park "Lena Pillars" is formed by rock formations of rare beauty, which reach a height of about 100 meters and are located along the banks of the Lena River in the central part of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). They originated in a sharply continental climate with an annual temperature difference of up to 100 degrees Celsius (from -60 ° C in winter to + 40 ° C in summer). The pillars are separated from each other by deep and steep ravines, partially filled with frosty rock fragments. The penetration of water from the surface accelerated the freezing process and contributed to frosty weathering. This led to the deepening of the ravines between the pillars and their dispersal. The proximity of the river and its course are dangerous factors for the pillars. The site contains the remains of a wide variety of Cambrian species.
Object information:
on the website of the State Budgetary Institution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Natural Park "Lena Pillars"
on the website of the Natural Heritage Protection Fund
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

38th Session of the World Heritage Committee - 2014 (Doha, Qatar)

No. С981rev- Bulgarian Historical and Archaeological Complex

Criteria: (ii) (vi)
The facility is located on the banks of the Volga River to the south of the confluence of the Kama River and to the south of the capital of Tatarstan, Kazan. It contains evidence of existence medieval town Bolgar, ancient settlement the people of the Volga Bulgars, which existed in the period from the 7th to the 15th centuries. and was in the XIII century. the first capital of the Golden Horde. Bolgar demonstrates historical and cultural relationships and transformations in Eurasia over several centuries, which played a decisive role in the formation of civilizations, customs and cultural traditions. The site is an important testament to the historical continuity and diversity of cultures. It is a symbolic reminder of the adoption of Islam by the Volga Bulgars in 922 and remains a sacred place of pilgrimage for the Muslim Tatars.
Object information:
on the website of the Bulgarian State Historical and Architectural Museum-Reserve "Great Bolgar"
on the website of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO
on the World Heritage Center website

37th sessionWorld Heritage Committee - 2013 (Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Cambodia)

№C1411 - Ancient city of Tauric Chersonesos and its choir

Criteria: (ii) (v)

The site represents the ruins of an ancient city founded by the Dorian Greeks in the 5th century BC. NS. on the northern coast of the Black Sea. The site consists of six elements, including the ruins of a city and agricultural land, divided into several hundred rectangular areas of equal size, which were used for growing grapes; vineyard products were intended for export and ensured the prosperity of Chersonesos until the 15th century. On the territory of the object there are several complexes of public buildings, residential areas and monuments of early Christianity. There are also ruins of settlements from the Stone and Bronze Ages, Roman and medieval tower fortifications and water systems, as well as exceptionally well-preserved vineyards and dividing walls. In the 3rd century A.D. NS. Chersonesos was known as the most successful wine-making center on the Black Sea and served as a link between Greece, the Roman Empire, Byzantium and the peoples of the northern Black Sea coast. Chersonesus is an outstanding example of the democratic organization of agriculture in the vicinity of the ancient city, reflecting the urban social structure.

Object information:

41- session of the World Heritage Committee - 2017 (Krakow, Poland)

№N1448rev - Landscapes of Dauria

Criteria: (ix) (x)

Located on the territory of Mongolia and the Russian Federation, this site is a unique example of the Daurian steppe ecosystem, which begins in the east of Mongolia and stretches across Russian Siberia to the northeastern border of China. The cyclical climate with alternating wet and dry periods has contributed to the emergence of great variety species and ecosystems important to the whole world. The various types of steppes presented here, such as wet meadows, forest and lake areas, are home to such rare species of fauna as the Daurian crane and bustard, as well as millions of rare and vulnerable migratory birds that are endangered. The park is also an important site on the migration route of Mongolian Dresden.

Object information:

# C1525 - Cathedral of the Assumption and the Monastery of the island town of Sviyazhsk

Criteria: (ii) (iv)

The Assumption Cathedral is located on the island town of Sviyazhsk and is part of the monastery of the same name. Situated at the confluence of the Volga, Sviyaga and Shchuka rivers, at the crossroads of the Silk Road and the Volga River, Sviyazhsk was founded by Ivan the Terrible in 1551. It was from this outpost that Ivan the Terrible began the conquest of the city of Kazan. The location and architecture of the Assumption Monastery testifies to the existence of a political and missionary program developed by Tsar Ivan IV in order to expand the territory of the Moscow state. The frescoes of the cathedral are among the rarest examples of Eastern Orthodox wall painting.

Object information:

YUESKO is a specialized agency of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites includes the most valuable sites (both natural and man-made) in terms of their cultural, historical or ecological significance. Here are twenty unique in their beauty UNESCO sites located in Europe.

20 PHOTOS

1 Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia.

A forest reserve in Central Croatia, famous for its cascading lakes, waterfalls, caves and limestone gorges.

The most famous square in Russia, located east of the Kremlin - official residence president. The Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed and the State Historical Museum are located on Red Square.

A well-preserved ethnographic village, which is included in the list of museums of folk architecture in Slovakia. The settlement reflects the traditional characteristics of a Central European village: log buildings, stables with hayloft and a wooden bell tower.

The largest and most famous Orthodox monastery in Bulgaria, founded in the 10th century and rebuilt in the mid-1800s.

A fortified insular Gothic abbey built between the 11th and 16th centuries in northwestern France.

Roman Catholic Church located north of Lisbon. It was built by the Portuguese king Alfonso I in the 12th century.

The central part of the Hungarian capital boasts such stunning architectural masterpieces as the Houses of Parliament, the Opera House, the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Market Hall.

The largest wooden sacral buildings in Europe, built in the second half of the 17th century after the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War.

The stave church, located in western Norway, is an excellent example of traditional Scandinavian architecture.

A natural monument consisting of about 40,000 interconnected basalt columns formed as a result of an ancient volcanic eruption.

The tallest surviving ancient Roman aqueduct. Its length is 275 meters and its height is 47 meters.

Bavarian rococo church located in a beautiful alpine valley southwest of Munich.

Located in the southwest of Norway, the Geirangerfjord and Nordfjord are among the longest and deep fjords in the world.

Center for Catholic Christianity, and the seat of the Pope. Also in the Vatican museums are kept many of the world's artistic masterpieces.

The monastic community and one of the oldest historical monuments in Hungary, was founded in 996.

National park with an area of ​​403 sq. km, located on three zones of vegetation: mountain-forest, subalpine and alpine.

Old bridge, built in the 16th century during the reign Ottoman Empire- one of the most significant architectural monuments in the Balkans.

The fjord, located in western Greenland, 250 km north of the Arctic Circle. It includes the Sermeq Kujalleq glacier, moving at a speed of 19 meters per day, one of the fastest glaciers in the world.

Known concert hall, which is one of the finest examples of Catalan Art Nouveau. It is also the only naturally lit concert hall in Europe.

Ten natural sites RF are on the UNESCO World Heritage List (4 of them are recognized as natural phenomena of exceptional beauty and aesthetic importance), and this is not counting another 15 sites that are cultural objects of protection. This is not at all surprising, because Russia is a truly immense country, with a vast territory, incredibly beautiful and diverse nature, with a rich cultural heritage.

If you want to see the pristine nature of Russia in its original form, then the Russians (and foreign tourists too) will have no difficulty in going to one of the natural reserves or national parks of the country, on the territory of which these ten objects are located that need constant protection at the international level ...

1. Forests of the Komi Republic

The area of ​​these forests is more than 3 million hectares, on which national park and the state biosphere reserve. This facility has opened a new page for Russia in environmental protection at the global level.

The virgin forests of Komi are known as the largest intact forests in Europe. They cover an area of ​​32,600 square kilometers in the north. Ural mountains, within the Pechero-Ilychsky nature reserve and national park"Yugyd Va". By their composition, Komi forests belong to the taiga ecosystem. They are dominated by conifers. The western part of the forests falls on the area of ​​the foothills, the eastern part - on the mountains themselves. The Komi forest area is distinguished by a variety of not only flora, but also fauna. More than two hundred species of birds live here, 40 species of rare mammals, and 16 species of fish live in the reservoirs, which are considered valuable for fishing, preserved since the Ice Age. For example, these types of fish include Siberian grayling and char char. Many inhabitants of the virgin forests of Komi are listed in the Red Book of the planet. This natural object RF was included in the UNESCO list in 1995 - the very first in the list.

2. Lake Baikal

For the whole world, Baikal is a lake, for residents of Russia who are in love with a unique natural object, Baikal is the sea! Located in Eastern Siberia it is the deepest lake on the planet and, at the same time, the largest natural reservoir of fresh water in terms of volume. Baikal is shaped like a crescent. Maximum depth the lake is 1642 meters with an average depth of 744. Baikal contains 19 percent of all fresh water on the planet. The lake is fed by more than three hundred rivers and streams. Baikal water is characterized by a high oxygen content. Its temperature rarely exceeds plus 8-9 degrees Celsius, even in the summer near the surface. The water of the lake is so clean and transparent that it allows you to see in depth at a distance of up to forty meters.

The oldest and deepest (approximately 1700 meters) on Earth, Lake Baikal covers an area of ​​over three million hectares. The reservoir, which appeared about 25 million years ago, was in almost complete isolation, due to which an amazing ecosystem was formed in its fresh waters, the study of which allows one to obtain information about the evolutionary processes taking place on the planet.

The lake, unique even on a global scale, is about 20% of all the resources of such necessary fresh water on Earth, as well as a delightful sight, inspiring with beauty and mesmerizing with the luxury of amazing landscapes.

Lake Baikal in 1996 was named a wonderful pearl by UNESCO and is included in the list of priceless heritage of the planet.

3. Kamchatka volcanoes .

This site was also included in the World Heritage List in 1996. Five years later (in 2001), the territory of the object, subject to international protection, expanded due to the movement of the lithospheric plates of the Pacific volcanic ring. Today the territory of the state biosphere reserve is about 4 million hectares. This area is called the "Natural Museum of Volcanology". As exhibits, both long extinct and active volcanoes the Kamchatka Peninsula. Moreover, each of the "exhibits" is an individual object, for the study of which there is not enough life.

In total, the territory of this facility is currently about 300 extinct volcanoes and 30 operating, but the number of the latter changes every year. The most interesting tourist attraction of this region is the Valley of Geysers in the Konotsky Biosphere Reserve. The mountain rivers of Kamchatka abound in huge numbers of salmon fish, and the coastal waters are home to many species of whales and dolphins.

4. Altai mountains

These mountains are called "Golden", as each species of animals, birds and fish is unique here. The Altai cedar forests and mammals with the most valuable commercial fur, which can be equated in value with gold, have been preserved here. The object covers an area of ​​more than 1.5 million hectares, was included in the UNESCO list in 1998. The "golden" Altai mountains are located at the intersection mountain system Siberia and Central Asia.

The vegetation of this region is unique, there are an abundance of alpine meadows, there are steppes, semi-deserts and tundra. Everything is unique here, from snow leopards to forms. mountainous relief... Teletskoye Lake, which is also called "Small Baikal", is called the pearl of the Altai Territory.

5. Natural Park "Lena Pillars"

The fabulously beautiful landscapes of the park are formed by hundred-meter rock formations that pacify the waters of the beautiful Lena River. "Lena Pillars" are located in the very heart of Sakha (Republic of Yakutia).

Such an amazing natural phenomenon owes its appearance to the continental climate, temperature fluctuations within which reach about one hundred degrees (+40 degrees in summer and -60 degrees in winter). The pillars are separated by deep ravines with steep slopes. Their formation took place under the influence of water, which contributes to the freezing of the soil and its weathering. Similar processes led to the fact that the ravines deepened and widened. In this case, water plays the role of a destroyer, posing a danger to the pillars.

The Lena Pillars, included in the list of the planet's heritage in 2012, are of interest not only from the point of view of aesthetic spectacle, it is also a unique archaeological zone, on the territory of which the remains of ancient animals of the Cambrian period were discovered.

This natural site covers an area of ​​1.27 million hectares. If we take into account the geological structure of the soil in the park, then this land can "tell" a lot about the history of the planet's development, about living organisms and vegetation.

Many remains of mammoths, bison, woolly rhinoceroses, Lena horses, reindeer and other remains of ancient mammals were found in Lena Pillars. The complex is inhabited today by 12 representatives of animals and birds listed in the Red Book of the planet. It is believed that the Lena Pillars have a huge "aesthetic influence" on a person due to its unique beauty of landscapes, bizarre relief with huge caves, fabulous stone statues, rocky spiers, niches and "towers".

6. Sikhote-Alin nature reserve

This territory, included in the UNESCO list in 2001, covers an area of ​​about 0.4 million hectares. The object is valuable because unique deciduous forests and ancient coniferous forests have been preserved on its territory. There is also an incredible mixture of different species of flora and fauna, among which there are many rare species.

A large biosphere reserve in the Primorsky Territory was originally created to preserve the sable population. It currently represents the most comfortable spot observation of the life of the Amur tiger. A huge number of plants grow on the territory of the Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve. More than a thousand of the highest species, more than a hundred - mosses, about four hundred - lichens, more than six hundred species of algae and more than five hundred - mushrooms.

The local fauna is represented by a large number of birds, marine invertebrates and insects. Many plants, birds, animals and insects are protected. Chinese schisandra,ginseng,Fori rhododendron and Palibina edelweiss, sika deer and Himalayan bear, black crane and stork, Japanese starling, Sakhalin sturgeon, fish owl and Machaon butterfly - they all found shelter in the Sikhote-Alin nature reserve.

7. Natural complex of the Wrangel Island reserve

The protected area, which was added to the UNESCO list of treasures in 2004, is located above the Arctic Circle. It includes the relief landscapes of Wrangel Island, whose area is over 7 thousand square meters. kilometers, and the Herald Island, whose area is 11 thousand square meters. kilometers, as well as coastal waters East Siberian Sea and the water area of ​​the Chukchi Sea.

This region managed to avoid glaciation, thanks to which the area is distinguished by an amazing biological diversity. The harsh climate of the protected area attracted walruses, who formed here the largest rookery in the Arctic. Polar bears also took a fancy to the picturesque land; the density of their ancestral dens in this region is considered the largest on the planet.

Over fifty species of birds nest here, among which there are both endemic and endangered ones. Gray whales rush here, choosing this place for feeding. Surprisingly, over four hundred species of vascular plants are found on the island, among which there are also endemics.

Here tourists can see the largest bird colonies in the eastern Arctic. Among the plant forms, relics of the Pleistocene prevail. The landscape of the island is unusual, as well as its water area. Many travelers dream of visiting this place.

8. Ubsunur Basin

The area of ​​this unique biosphere reserve is 0.8 million hectares. The object was included in the UNESCO list in 2003. Located salt Lake with a large-scale area on the border of Mongolia and the Russian Republic of Tuva. By the way, on the territory of Russia there are only seven sections of an intermountain basin with a shallow lake (up to 15 meters), the remaining five parts of the Transboundary Facility are located in Mongolia. Each of the seven sections of the basin on our territory is individual in appearance and in the plants that grow there depending on the landscapes.

Inhabitant of the Ubsunur Basin

ZHere you can see foothills with eternal areas of snow-capped peaks, there are also areas of mountain taiga, alpine meadows, wetlands, mountain tundra and even sandy deserts. The remnant mountains with bright vegetation and contrasting landscapes make the Ubsunur Basin especially picturesque. There are endangered species of animals - mountain sheep - argali, snow leopard, as well as many rare species of birds - geese, herons, terns, gulls, waders, etc. During the excavation of ancient burial mounds on the territory of the basin, unique rock paintings, burials and stone sculptures were discovered ...

9. Putorana plateau

Included in the World Heritage List in 2010, this natural site in the Russian Federation covers a total area of ​​more than 1.8 million hectares. This pristine basalt plateau in the north of Eastern Siberia, almost at the Arctic Circle, is invaluable in terms of study by geologists and geomorphologists. The mountainous terrain has a stepped landscape, flat-topped massifs intersect deep canyons... The plateau was formed at the turn of the Mesozoic and Paleozoic as a result of volcanic activity. Forty-layer deposits make it possible to study the structure of the planet.

Deep cracks in the plateau are formed by glaciers, which subsequently filled with water, forming lakes with inimitable appearance and a depth of up to 400 meters. There are many beautiful waterfalls, one of which (in the valley of the Kanda river) has a height of 108 meters. In total, on the territory of the Putorana plateau, there are 25 thousand small and large lakes with a huge supply of fresh water. There are more than 30 species of mammals in this northern reserve, and they are all rare or relict.

The vegetation is represented by 400 species - mainly woodlands, mountain tundra and larch taiga. The plateau serves as a resting place for thousands of species of migratory birds.

The picturesque landscapes of the beautiful plateau coincide with the boundaries of the reserve of the same name located beyond the Arctic Circle, which adorns the territory of Central Siberia. A special charm of the area is betrayed by the zones replacing each other: virgin taiga, the richest forest-tundra, picturesque landscapes of the tundra and fabulous beauty icy arctic deserts. The real decoration of the plateau: the curly ribbons of the rivers and the crystal saucer of the lake, filled with clear cold water. Through the inhospitable lands of the plateau, a road stretches along which deer migrate. This is an incredible sight, which can be observed less and less often in nature.

10. Territories of the Western Caucasus

The natural reserve with an area of ​​0.3 million hectares has been included in the UNESCO list since 1999. These territories are almost untouched by human civilization. Today they are protected not only by UNESCO, but also by other all-Russian and international organizations - Greenpeace, the Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences, NABU, Dresden Technical University, the working group North Caucasus"And others. The territory of the reserve covers areas that stretch from the headwaters of the Kuban River to the Belaya and Malaya Laba rivers..

Caucasus. Blooming rhododendron in the valley of the Upper Mzymta

The vegetation in this protected area is represented by coniferous and deciduous forests, crooked forests, mountain meadows, and a nival belt. Every third plant is considered relict here. Rare species of predatory birds nest here - osprey, bearded vultures, golden eagles, griffon vultures, etc. Among the large animals in the reserve you can see West Caucasian tigers, brown bears, wolves, Caucasian red deer, bison, etc. Tourists will be interested to see beautiful karst formations in this natural area with deep gorges, waterfalls, underground rivers, tarn lakes, moraines, circuses and valleys formed by mountain glaciers.

11. Curonian Spit

The Curonian Spit is a sandy spit located on the coast of the Baltic Sea and the Curonian Lagoon. The Curonian Spit is a narrow and long saber-shaped strip of land separating the Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea and stretching from the city of Zelenogradsk in the Kaliningrad region to the city of Klaipeda (Smiltyne) (Lithuania).

The length is 98 kilometers, the width ranges from 400 meters (in the area of ​​the Lesnoy village) to 3.8 kilometers (in the area of ​​Cape Bulvikyo, just north of Nida).

The Curonian Spit is a unique natural and anthropogenic landscape and a territory of exceptional aesthetic value: The Curonian Spit is the largest sandy body included in the Baltic sandy spit complex, which has no analogues in the world. The high level of biological diversity due to the combination of various landscapes - from desert (dunes) to tundra (raised bog) - gives an idea of ​​important and long-term ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, river, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals. The location of the spit and its relief are unique.

The most significant element of the spit relief is a continuous strip of sandy white dunes 0.3-1.0 km wide, some of them approaching the highest in the world (up to 68 m).

The Curonian Spit contains natural areas that are the most representative and important for the conservation of biological diversity, including those where endangered species of outstanding world importance from the point of view of science and nature conservation are preserved: due to its geographic location and orientation from northeast to southwest, it serves as a corridor for migratory birds of many species flying from the northwestern regions of Russia, Finland and the Baltic countries to the countries of Central and Southern Europe. Annually in spring and autumn, from 10 to 20 million birds fly over the spit, a significant part of which stop here for rest and feeding.

In the last entry, she has not posted all the architectural objects of Russia, marked by UNESCO for their uniqueness and historical value. Today I will add to this list ...

12. Citadel, Old city and fortifications of Derbent .

The citadel, old town and fortifications of Derbent are the collective name under which UNESCO in 2003 included the medieval architectural heritage of the city of Derbent in the list of World Heritage Sites.

The history of ancient Derbent, located on the shores of the Caspian Sea, on the territory of modern Dagestan, has, according to archaeologists, five thousand years. This one of the oldest cities in Russia was originally a small settlement founded at the foot of the spurs Caucasus mountains, which subsequently acquired impressive city fortifications.

However, the first documentary evidence of this place is exactly how big city, belong to the 5th century. At this time, the Persian king Ezdegerd II ruled here, who appreciated its strategic location. This, incidentally, is reflected in the name, because Derbent translated from Iranian means "mountain outpost" or "mountain pass". After about 100 years, another king on the remains of the former protective structures erected a fortified city, which is called the Old, with impregnable fortress and powerful fortifications. Between these fortifications, stretching more than 40 kilometers deep into the Caucasus Mountains, a city was formed, which still retains its medieval character.

Citadel of Nary-kala

It continued to be a strategically important site until the 19th century. Derbent has experienced many dramatic events in the entire history of its existence: wars, assaults, periods of decline and prosperity, times of independence and subordination to other peoples. Nevertheless, this place has preserved many monuments from all these turbulent periods.

It: the citadel of Naryn-Kala, with thick and high walls, the ruins of the palace of the Derbent Khan, baths and a guardhouse;

13. Struve Geodetic Arc

The Struve arc is a network of 265 triangulation points, which are stone cubes laid in the ground with an edge length of 2 meters and a length of more than 2820 kilometers. It was created to determine the parameters of the Earth, its shape and size. It is named after its creator - the Russian astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve (Vasily Yakovlevich Struve).

Struve's geodetic arc was measured by Struve and the staff of the Dorpat (Tartu) and Pulkovo observatories (whose director was Struve) for 40 years, from 1816 to 1855, for 2820 km from Fuglenes near Cape Nord-Kap in Norway (latitude 70 ° 40′11 ″ s. Sh.) To the village of Staraya Nekrasovka Odessa region near the Danube (latitude 45 ° 20′03 ″ N), which formed an arc of the meridian with an amplitude of 25 ° 20′08 ″.

Struve geodetic arc, "Point Z", about. Gogland, Leningrad region

Currently, points of the arc can be found in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia (on the island of Gogland), Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Moldova (the village of Rud) and Ukraine. On January 28, 2004, these countries applied to the UNESCO World Heritage Committee with a proposal to approve the 34 preserved points of the Struve Arc as a World Heritage Site. In 2005 this proposal was accepted.

A story about others architectural monuments Russia, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, Around the world

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There are many beautiful buildings, natural phenomena and other unique objects in the world that delight people. And the task of each generation is to preserve this wealth and pass it on to descendants. The most valuable attractions are included in a special list.

About World Heritage Sites

It is scary to think that descendants will not see, for example, the Acropolis, or Meanwhile, this may happen, if not in the near future, then after several generations. That is why one of the primary tasks of humanity is to preserve and enhance cultural and natural resources planets.

For this purpose, a special list was created, which includes World Heritage sites located on the territory of various countries and regions. There are many of them, they are diverse, and each is unique in its own way.

General information about the list

For the first time, the idea of ​​a list of the most valuable sites in the world was implemented in 1978, after the UN Convention was adopted six years earlier, which proclaimed a common responsibility for the preservation of the most significant cultural and natural monuments.

At the end of 2014, the list contains 1007 items. Italy, China, Spain, France, Germany, Mexico, India, Great Britain, Russia and the USA are in the top ten by the number of World Heritage Sites. In total, there are 359 items included in the list on their territory.

There are a number of criteria according to which the list is expanded. They include the uniqueness or exclusivity of a place or building from different points of view: its inhabitants, structures, evidence of an important stage in the development of civilizations, etc. Therefore, sometimes you can find objects that are quite unexpected for someone on the list.

Categories and examples

All the diversity of the World Heritage is divided into three conditional groups: cultural, natural and cultural-natural. The first category is the most numerous, it includes 779 items, for example, a building Opera House in Sydney. The second group contains 197 objects, including Belovezhskaya Pushcha and the Grand Canyon. The last category is the smallest - only 31 monuments, but they combine both natural beauty and human intervention: Machu Picchu, Meteora monasteries, etc.

For some reason, people are accustomed to first of all admiring buildings and creations of their own efforts, forgetting about natural beauties. And in vain, because in fact it is also a World Cultural Heritage.

In Russia

On the territory of the Russian Federation there are 26 monuments included in the UNESCO list. Of these, 15 are classified as cultural, and the remaining 11 are natural. They are located throughout the country and include, in fact, the unique UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Russia.

For the first time, the Russian Federation added to the list of countries on whose territory there are monuments to human and natural genius, in 1990, when the list was replenished as well as the Kizhi Pogost and historic center St. Petersburg. Further World heritage Russia has replenished regularly and is still expanding. The list includes reserves, monasteries, geological monuments and many other objects. So, in 2014, the historical and archaeological complex "Bulgar", which is located in Tatarstan, entered the list of the World Heritage of Russia.

Full list

The World Heritage Sites of Russia are mostly known to many citizens. But someone will also find unfamiliar places for themselves that they might want to visit, so it is better to give a complete list:

• historical center and monuments of St. Petersburg;
• Kremlin and Red Square in Moscow;
• Kizhi churchyard;
• Veliky Novgorod and its environs;
• white monuments of Suzdal and Vladimir;
• Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye;
• Trinity-Sergius Lavra;
• Komi forests;
• Lake Baikal;
• Kamchatka volcanoes;
• Sikhote-Alin nature reserve;
• golden Altai mountains;
• the basin of the Ubsu-Nur lake;
• Western Caucasus;
• Kazan Kremlin;
• Ferapontov Monastery;
• Curonian Spit;
• the old town of Derbent;
• Wrangel Island;
• Novodevichy Convent;
• the historical center of Yaroslavl;
• the Struve arc;
• Putorana plateau;
• Lena Pillars;
• complex "Bulgar".

Another point is connected with the political events of 2014 - on the Crimean peninsula is located ancient city Chersonesos, which is also included in the World Cultural Heritage. Russia actually has something to strive for, because there are many more unique sites located on the territory of the country, and each of them may eventually enter the UNESCO list. In the meantime, it is still worth learning more about those monuments that are already on this list. After all, it was not for nothing that they were included there?

Natural

Russia is a huge country, the largest on the planet in terms of territory. 9 time zones, 4 climatic zones and a huge number of different zones. It is not surprising that the World Natural Heritage of Russia is quite numerous and diverse - 11 sites. There are huge forests here, clean and deep lakes, natural phenomena of amazing beauty.

• Virgin Komi forests. Considered to be the largest intact forests in Europe. Included in the World Heritage of Russia in 1995. Many species of rare representatives of flora and fauna grow and live on their territory.
• Lake Baikal. It is the deepest on the planet. Entered the list in 1996. Many species found in the lake are endemic.
• Volcanoes of the Kamchatka Peninsula. They are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Included in the World Heritage Sites of Russia in 1996.
• Altai. In the list since 1998. Includes habitats of rare representatives of flora and fauna.
• Caucasian reserve. Located in three regions of the Russian Federation: Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia and Adygea. On the list since 1999.
• Central Sikhote-Alin. Natural reserve located in the Primorsky Territory. Many rare species of animals live on its territory. Included in the UNESCO list in 2001.
• Curonian Spit. This unique object is a sandy body stretching over the Baltic Sea for almost 100 kilometers. On the territory of the spit there are a large number of interesting places, for example the famous " Dancing forest”, Also through it lies the path of seasonal migration of many birds. Listed in 2000.
• Ubsu-Nur basin. Located on the border of the Russian Federation and Mongolia. The basin was included in the list in 2003 according to the criteria of international scientific importance and conservation of biological and landscape diversity.
• Wrangel Island. It is divided into almost equal halves between the Western and Eastern hemispheres. Most of its territory is occupied by mountains. Rare plants grow here, which, among other things, was the reason for the object to be included in the UNESCO list in 2004 under number 1023.
• It was listed as a World Heritage Site in 2010. Here are the migration routes of large populations of reindeer, and a unique combination of ecosystems is observed.
• Lena Pillars. On this moment the last World Natural Heritage site in Russia. Was listed in 2012. In addition to its aesthetic importance, this object is valuable for the uniqueness of the geological processes taking place here.

Man-made

Objects of the World Cultural Heritage of Russia, of course, include not only natural monuments, but the results of human labor.

• Historical center of St. Petersburg. Red Square and the Kremlin in Moscow. The hearts of both capitals were included in the list simultaneously - in 1990 - and according to four criteria at once.
• Kizhi. This unique ensemble of wooden buildings was included in the UNESCO list also in 1990. This real wonder of the world not only demonstrates the genius of mankind, but also amazingly harmonizes with the surrounding nature.
• In 1992, UNESCO added 3 more sights to its list: the monuments of Novgorod, Suzdal and Vladimir, as well as
• The Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye, listed in 1993 and 1994, respectively, are known for their beauty - many residents of Moscow and the Moscow region regularly visit there.
• c entered the list in 2000, as did
• Monuments of the city of Derbent in Dagestan - 2003.
• in Moscow - 2004.
• Historical center of Yaroslavl - 2005.
• (2 points), which helped to establish the shape, size and some other parameters of the planet - 2005.
• Architectural and historical complex Bulgar - 2014.

As you can see, the sites of the World Cultural Heritage of Russia are mostly concentrated in the European part, which is due to the peculiarities of the development of the territory.

Applicants

The list of the World Heritage of Russia in the coming years may expand significantly. The government of the Russian Federation regularly proposes to the UN more and more new applicants, unique and wonderful in their own way. Now there are 24 more sites that can be included in the main list of UNESCO.

The threat of extinction

Unfortunately, it is not always possible to preserve the World Heritage. Fortunately, Russia is not threatened yet, all of its monuments included in the list are relatively safe. UNESCO regularly edits and publishes a special list of unique objects in danger. Now it consists of 38 items. Natural and cultural monuments fall on this "alarming" list for various reasons: poaching, deforestation, construction and reconstruction projects that violate the historical appearance, climate change, etc. In addition, the worst enemy of the World Heritage is the time that cannot be defeated. And yet, from time to time, monuments are removed from this list, most often due to an improvement in the situation. But there are also sad examples when the situation has deteriorated so much that objects simply ceased to be included in the World Heritage Site. Russia has nothing to fear so far, although the ecological situation in some parts of the country may affect many natural monuments. And then, perhaps, for the Russian Federation, the “alarming” list will become relevant.

UNESCO action

Inclusion in the list is not only and not so much prestige, but, first of all, increased attention to the safety and condition of certain objects on the part of a larger number of organizations. UNESCO also stimulates the development of ecological tourism and increases the awareness of the people about the uniqueness of the monuments. Among other things, there is a special fund that finances the support of the objects.

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Books

• World heritage of Russia. Book 2. Monuments of nature, Sirotkina Alla. The books talk about cultural and natural monuments Russia included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The second volume contains 12 natural objects. Their description and history are given. Each…
• World heritage of Russia. Book 2. Nature. Photo album, A. Sirotkina. The books tell about the cultural and natural monuments of Russia included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. The first volume - 14 architectural objects, the second volume - 12 natural objects. They are given ...