At what latitude is the Crimea. What is Crimea

Located at the latitude of southern France and northern Italy.

Crimean rivers

The main river is Salgir. Her 232 -km channel begins in the Angarsk Pass area and is lost off the coast of the Azov Sea. A total of about 150 rivers. The most fertile and picturesque valleys are located between Bakhchisarai and Sevastopol. They are formed by the rivers Alma, Kacha, Belbek, Chernaya.

Being essentially an island, it has become a kind of reserve for some endemic (not found anywhere, except for this area) representatives of flora and fauna. Vegetable and animal world.

Rare plants and animals, unique landscapes, which the peninsula is so rich in, are under conservation protection. Their total area is about 700 square kilometers, it is more 2,5% from the territory, one of the highest indicators of reserve saturation for the CIS. Many of the protected sites are visited by tourists; here you are required to be especially careful with nature.

Crimean peninsula located in the south of Russia. Latitude of southern France or northern Italy. From the east, the coast of Crimea is washed by the waters of the Azov Sea, and from the west and south - by the Black Sea. The Crimean Peninsula is connected to the continent only along a narrow isthmus, a maximum of eight kilometers wide. The name of the isthmus at first glance seems unexpected - Perekopsky (why did they want to dig it up, but did not have time?!).

The Crimea also includes two peninsulas:

Kerch, it is located in the east between the Black and Azov seas,
Tarkhankutsky, occupies the western part of the Crimea.

The southern coast of the Crimean peninsula is not without reason considered the most favorable: the sea is located from the southeast, and the mountains protect from the winds from the northwest. This creates a velvety climate of dry subtropics.

The Crimean peninsula has borders with Ukraine, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey and Georgia. The capital and the largest transport hub on the peninsula is the city of Simferopol. The population of Simferopol is about 400 thousand inhabitants.

Geographic characteristics

Territory - 26860 km². Length: from east to west - 360 km, from south to north - 180 km.
The southernmost part is Cape Sarych; most western cape- Surfing; a cape with the telling name Lantern is in the east.

There are many seaports, the largest are Evpatoria, Feodosia, Yalta, Kerch.

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The length of the coastline of the Crimean Peninsula is more than 2,500 km. Of these, almost 50% falls on the Sivash Bay, 750 km - the Black Sea coast and about 500 km - the Azov Sea coast. The shores of the peninsula are indented with numerous bays, bays and coves.

The territory of Crimea is 72% of plains, 20% of mountains and 8% of lakes and rivers.

Relief

The Crimean peninsula in the distant years, judging by the results of the study, had favorable natural conditions. People have been living here for a long time. Here are found monuments from the Middle Paleolithic (about 150 thousand years ago), Mesolithic, Neolithic, Eneolithic and Bronze Age.

In many Crimean museums of local lore, unique archaeological finds are stored, found in grottoes, caves, under the canopies of rocks, where primitive people found a natural refuge.

Here are some natural and historical monuments Crimea:

burial of Neanderthals in the Kiik-Koba cave, located near the village. Zuya in the Belogorsk district,
Wolf grotto and Chokurcho near Simferopol,
Staroselie near Bakhchisarai,
Ak-Kai near Belogorsk.

No older finds are known in Europe.

The relief of the Crimean peninsula consists of three unequal parts:

North Crimean Plain with the Tarkhankut Upland (about 70% of the territory),
Kerch Peninsula
and in the south - the mountainous Crimea stretches in three ridges.

The highest is Crimean mountains is the Roman-Kosh mountain (1545 m).

Crimean mountains

Once upon a time, 200 million years ago, waves of the Tethys primordial ocean were kneading at this place. Crimean and Caucasus mountains rose from it 7-8 million years ago. These mountains divided the ocean waters to form the Black and Caspian Seas.

They have three main ridges, which are separated by valleys. These ridges begin in the southwest of Crimea. Here are their names:

The main one (aka South) - begins at and follows along the coast to Feodosia. It has a length of almost 180 km. Ends at the Cape of St. Elijah;
Inner ridge (Middle), stretches from the Mekenziev mountains towards the Old Crimea;
External - starts from the Kara-Tau upland, which is on the watershed of the Belbek and Kacha rivers, and follows to Simferopol.

The width of the mountain strip reaches 50 km.

Crimean mountains are very picturesque and not like others. They are like huge frozen waves. The main ridge to the north has gentle slopes, and to the south it breaks off with high steep walls. It has its own peculiarity - it has not the usual tip of the top, but wavy mountain plateaus. In Crimea, they are called yayls (translated as summer pasture).

In Alushta, the Main Ridge is divided into separate massifs bearing the names Babugan, Chatyr-dag and Demerdzhi. The gently sloping Dolgorukovskaya Yayla goes to the north, and the largest Karabi-Yaila in terms of area goes to the east. It is connected with Demerdzhinskaya only by a “bridge” in the form of the Table-Mountain.

After that, the Main Ridge finally disintegrates, only a few mountain ranges, peaks and volcanic massifs, of which the most interesting, unusual - Karadag.

In many places on the East Coast, the ancient "Tauride platform" protrudes directly from the ground, forming an unusual form of elevation with collapses, cracks, and ravines. Further, to the east of Feodosia, there are roads and paths of a sparsely populated land, the relief of which is called the Kerch Hill Mountains.

To the north and north-west of the Feodosiya Bay, almost the entire small Crimea was occupied by the huge Crimean steppe, in comparison with the coastal resort strip. So “Cimmeria” (sometimes called “Kimtavria”) is a land of contrasts - mountains, coast, flat hills, steppe.

Steppe

The steppe occupies the most extensive part of the territory of Crimea. It is the southern edge of the East European, or Russian, plain and slopes slightly to the north. The Kerch Peninsula is divided by the Parpach Ridge into two parts: the southwestern - plain and the northeastern - hilly, which is characterized by the alternation of ring-shaped limestone ridges, gentle depressions, mud hills and coastal lake basins.

In the flat part of the peninsula, varieties of southern and calcareous chernozems prevail; dark chestnut and meadow-chestnut soils of dry forests and shrubs, as well as brown mountain-forest and mountain-meadow chernozem-like soils (on yayls), are less common.

The Crimean peninsula has extensive agricultural land. More than 52% of the territory is occupied by arable land, there are not so many orchards and vineyards - about 5%. It's not even clear where the Crimean wines came from in our stores now! Part of the land is used for pastures. There are also forests.

Rivers and lakes

On the Crimean peninsula, more 1600 rivers and temporary drains. Their total length is about 6,000 kilometers. However, these are usually small streams, which almost dry up in summer. There are only 257 rivers with a length of more than 5 km.

The most significant of the rivers in their own way geographic location are divided into several groups:

rivers of the northern and northeastern slope of the Crimean mountains (Salgir, the longest river of the peninsula, - 232 km; Wet Indol - 27 km; Churuksu - 33 km, etc.);
rivers of the northwestern slope (Black - 41 km, Belbek - 63 km, Kacha - 69 km, Alma - 84 km, Western Bulganak - 52 km, etc.);
rivers South Shore Crimea (Uchan-Su - 8.4 km, Derekoyka - 12 km, Ulu-Uzen - 15 km, Demerdzhi - 14 km, Ulu-Uzen Vostochny - 16 km, etc.);
beams of the flat Crimea and the Kerch Peninsula.

The rivers of the northwestern slopes of the Crimean Mountains flow almost parallel to each other, up to the middle of the course they are typically mountainous. The rivers northern slopes on the plain they deviate to the east and flow into the Sivash. The short rivers of the South Bank, flowing into the Black Sea, are typically mountainous along their entire length. The mountain river Uchan-Su runs down to the sea, forming waterfalls in four places.

There are also many lakes and estuaries on the territory of the peninsula - over three hundred. Some of them are mud. The lakes along the coast are mostly salty. On the Tarkhankut Peninsula there is a fairly large freshwater Ak-Mechetskoye lake. Mountain lakes are mainly artificial reservoirs. There are more than 50 salt lakes in Crimea, the largest of which is Lake Sasyk (Kunduk) - 205 sq. Km.

Weather in Crimea

The natural conditions of the Crimean peninsula are quite extraordinary. This amazing land is endowed with both fertile lands and magnificent sea coast, and majestic, unique in their beauty, mountain ranges... The Crimean peninsula has a mild climate throughout the peninsula.

In the south and north, however, there are differences. On the southern coast, the Crimean peninsula is close to the Mediterranean and subtropical, and in the northern part of the peninsula it is continental.

Summers are sunny and quite hot, with occasional but heavy rains. It usually begins in mid-May and lasts until the end of September. The air in these places is not very humid. Autumn in Crimea is rainy, but warm, almost calm, smoothly turning into winter with little snow with rare, not severe frosts.

The Republic of Crimea occupies the territory of the Crimean Peninsula.

The territory of the Republic of Crimea is 26.1 thousand sq. km.

Length: from west to east - 360 km, from north to south - 180 km.

Extreme points: in the south - Cape Sarych; in the west - Cape Priboyny; in the east - Cape Fonar.

The most important seaports- Evpatoria, Yalta, Feodosia, Kerch.

Adjacent regions: Krasnodar region Russian Federation, Kherson region of Ukraine.

The climate of the peninsula differs in its various parts: in the northern part it is temperate continental, on the southern coast with subtropical features. Crimea is characterized by a small amount of precipitation throughout the year, a large number of sunny days, and the presence of breezes on the coast.

The relief of the Crimean peninsula consists of three unequal parts: the North Crimean Plain with the Tarkhankut Upland (about 70% of the territory), the Kerch Peninsula, and in the south, the mountainous Crimea stretches in three ridges. The highest is the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains (1545 m, Mount Roman-Kosh), consisting of separate limestone massifs (yayl) with plateau-like peaks and deep canyons. The southern slope of the Main Ridge stands out as the Crimean sub-Mediterranean. Inner and Outer ridges form the Crimean foothills.

The Crimean peninsula is washed by the Black and Azov seas.

The nature reserve fund includes 158 objects and territories (including 46 of national importance, the area of which is 5.8% of the area of the Crimean peninsula). The reserve fund is based on 6 nature reserves with a total area of 63.9 thousand hectares: Crimean with the branch "Swan Islands", Yalta Mountain Forest, Cape Martyan, Karadagsky, Kazantipsky, Opuksky.

Crimea is a peninsula richly endowed natural resources... In its depths and on the adjacent shelf, there are industrial deposits of iron ore, combustible gas, mineral salts, construction raw materials, oil and gas condensate.

Of great importance are the natural recreational resources of the peninsula: mild climate, warm sea, curative mud, mineral water, picturesque landscapes.

The largest rivers are Salgir, Indol, Biyuk-Karasu, Chornaya, Belbek, Kacha, Alma, Bulganakh. The longest river in Crimea is Salgir (220 km), the deepest is Belbek (water flow - 1500 liters per second).

There are more than 50 salt lakes in Crimea, the largest of which is Lake Sasyk (Kunduk) - 205 sq. Km.

The population of Crimea as of January 1, 2013 is 1 million 965.2 thousand people. Including the economically active population is 970.3 thousand people, or less than 50% of the total population.

About 130 ethnic groups live in the Republic of Crimea. The largest ethnic groups are Russians (58.3%), Ukrainians (24.3%) and Crimean Tatars (12.1%).

State languages: Russian, Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar.

Time zone: MSK (UTC + 4).

Administrative and territorial structure: cities of republican significance - 11, districts - 14.

The capital of the Republic of Crimea is the city of Simferopol.

The representative body of the Republic of Crimea is the State Council of the Republic of Crimea.

The executive body of the Republic of Crimea is the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea.

The Republic of Crimea has symbols: coat of arms, flag and anthem.

Borders and geographic location. The Autonomous Republic of Crimea (from 1954 to 1991 the Crimean region) is part of Russia.

Administrative boundaries in the north run along Perekopsky Val and Sivash. In the north-east of the peninsula there is a long sandy spit - the Arabat arrow, and its northern, wider half belongs to the Kherson region of Ukraine. And the opposite "corner" of Crimea is occupied by the hero-city of Sevastopol, which has a special status and, for the most part, is isolated from the Crimean Republic.

The capital of Crimea, the city of Simferopol (about 400 thousand inhabitants), the center of business and cultural life, connects together all the roads of the peninsula.

The equidistance of Crimea from the Equator and the North Pole, the border position at the junction of Europe and Asia, forever determined its role as a crossroads of peoples and civilizations with an extraordinary variety of natural and historical monuments, as well as modern economy and culture.

Square. 25 thousand square kilometers for an island or a peninsula is a lot. This is usually enough for an entire state. Crimea is slightly smaller than Belgium, Albania or Haiti, but more than Israel, Cyprus, Lebanon, Jamaica. You can see that Crimea, like all these small countries, is diverse natural conditions, a combination of mountains and plains, favorable for Agriculture and has a convenient seaside.

Relief. The plain Crimea differs little from the steppes of the neighboring regions of Russia and Ukraine, but in the west they pass into the limestone ledges of Tarkhankut, and in the east - into the hilly ridges of the Kerch Peninsula.

The Crimean mountains stretch in three parallel ridges from Sevastopol to Feodosia for 150 kilometers. Their northern slopes are gentle, and the southern ones are steep. The two lower ridges make up the Crimean foothills, cut into separate massifs by picturesque river valleys; and the Main ridge rises as a solid barrier, the height of which almost everywhere exceeds a thousand meters (the highest point of the city of Roman-Kosh, 1545).
From the cold winds, the ridge hides a narrow strip of land near its southern steep cliff - the famous southern coast of Crimea.

Climate. The southern coast of Crimea from Cape Aya in the west to Mount Kara-Dag in the east is called the sub-Mediterranean sea for the proximity of the main features of its climate (sunshine, air temperature, precipitation regime), flora and fauna to the coast Mediterranean Sea, subtropics. The northern, flat part of Crimea has a continental climate of the temperate zone.

Summer in Crimea is hot and sunny everywhere, dry - only occasionally with short refreshing showers. Its boundaries can be considered mid-May and late September; autumn pampers with quiet sunny days (even weeks), but also pours in abundant rains. Winter is not much different from autumn, but in the mountains it is just a miracle: dry frosty air, pure fluffy snow - tens of thousands of Crimeans go on weekends to the Angarsk Pass and Ai-Petri Mountain. In spring, the deep-water Black Sea warms up at Yalta and Alushta more slowly than in the western or east coast Crimea. Therefore, March and April, with their exuberant flowering, are especially good for west coast and in the Foothills.

The relative humidity in Crimea is almost always and everywhere low - within 65 - 80%, it is easy to breathe here even in the heat. The Yalta region, according to long-term data, has the lowest relative humidity in Europe. The passion for exotic, tourism in countries with a humid tropical climate has recently become literally unhealthy, especially for the cardiovascular system. It is worth recalling that for Europeans, it is the dry subtropics that are the healthiest climate.

Rare plants and animals, unique landscapes, which the peninsula is so rich in, are under conservation protection. Their total area is about 700 square kilometers, this is more than 2.5% of the territory of Crimea, one of the highest indicators of reserve saturation for the CIS countries. Many of the protected sites are visited by tourists; here you are required to be especially careful with nature.

Population Crimea, including Sevastopol, is about 2 million 700 thousand people, this is quite a lot, its density exceeds the average, for example, for the Baltic republics by 1.5 - 2 times. In August, up to 2 million visitors are simultaneously on the peninsula.

Now the main part of the population is made up of Russians, then Ukrainians, Crimean Tatars, a significant share of Belarusians, Jews, Armenians, Greeks, Germans, Bulgarians, Gypsies, Poles, Czechs, Italians. Small in number, but still noticeable in the culture of the small peoples of the Crimea - the Karaites and Krymchaks.

The language of interethnic communication continues to be Russian. Also, the state languages of the republic are Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar.

Economy. Our cities are renowned for their mechanical engineering and instrument making. Crimea is one of the oldest granaries in the world. The gardens and vineyards of the sunny peninsula do not need much praise. And with regard to essential oil crops, Crimea simply has no equal. The food industry is of export importance. The honor of the Crimean brand is maintained by dozens of rural canning shops. Well, the finest Crimean muscats are the best in the world, wines of other brands also meet the most demanding taste.

Currency exchange. Currency exchange in Crimea has some peculiarities. Usually the best exchange rate is in the center of Simferopol. The exchange rate at the railway station and at the Simferopol airport is somewhat lower. But the highest demand for currency is in Yalta and Alushta, so the exchange of hryvnia, dollar and euro is carried out there at the lowest exchange rate. Exchange offices are numerous and work almost without breaks and days off.

Crimea has long been rightfully called the natural pearl of Europe. Here, at the junction of temperate and subtropical latitudes, as if in focus, the characteristic features of their nature are concentrated in miniature: mountains and plains, ancient volcanoes and modern mud hills, seas and lakes, forests and steppes, landscapes of the Black Sea sub-Mediterranean and the Sivash region semi-desert ...

The Crimean peninsula is located in the south of Russia at the latitude of southern France and northern Italy.

His outlines are peculiar, some see them as a flying bird, others - a bunch of grapes, others - a heart.

But each of us, looking at the map, immediately finds in the middle of the blue oval of the sea an irregular quadrangle of the peninsula with a wide projection of the Tarkhankut Peninsula in the west and a long, narrower projection of the Kerch Peninsula in the east. The Kerch Strait separates the Crimean Peninsula from the Taman Peninsula - the western end Krasnodar Territory.
The Crimea, washed from almost all sides by the waters of the Black and Azov Seas, could have been an island, if not for the narrow, only 8 kilometers wide, Perekop Isthmus, which connects it to the mainland.

The total length of the borders of Crimea- more than 2500 km.

Square- 27 thousand sq. km.

Maximum distance from north to south is 207 km, from west to east - 324 km.

Extreme points: in the north - the village of Perekop (46 ° 15 ′ north lat.), in the south - Cape Sarych (44 ° 23 ′ north lat.), in the east - Cape Fonar (36 ° 40 ′ east long.), in the west - Cape Kara-Mrun (32 ° 30 ′ east long.).

Water Black sea(area - 421 thous.

km, volume - 537 thousand cubic km) wash Crimea from the west and south. The largest bays are Karkinitsky, Kalamitsky and Feodosia.
From the east and north-east, the peninsula is surrounded by the Kerch Strait (width 4-5 km, length 41 km) and Azov sea(area - 38 thousand sq. km, volume - 300 cubic km), which forms Kazantip, Arabat and Sivash bays.

The shorespeninsula heavily indented by numerous bays, coves and bays.

Crimean mountains divided the peninsula into two uneven parts: a large steppe and a smaller mountain.

They stretched from the southwest to the northeast from the vicinity of Sevastopol to Feodosia in three almost parallel ridges, separated by longitudinal green valleys. The length of the Crimean Mountains is about 180 km, the width is 50 km.

The main ridge is the highest; the most famous mountain peaks are located here: Roman-Kosh - 1545 m, Chatyrdag - 1525 m, Ai-Petri - 1231 m.

The southern slopes facing the sea are steep and the northern slopes.

The peaks of the Crimean mountains are treeless, undulating plateaus called yayly (translated from Turkic means "summer pasture"). Yayly combines the properties of plains and mountains. They are connected by narrow lowered ridges, along which mountain passes pass. The routes from the steppe part of the Crimea to the southern coast have long run here.

The beginning of the ascent to the Devil's Staircase pass, an ancient road that leads from the forest areas mountain Crimea to the South Bank.

The highest yayls of Crimea: Ai-Petrinskaya (1320 m), Yalta (1406 m), Nikitskaya (1470 m), Gurzufskaya (1540 m).

For many centuries, the limestone surface of the yailas was dissolved by rainwater, water streams made numerous passages in the thickness of the mountains, deep wells, mines, and amazingly beautiful caves.

The inner ridge of the Crimean Mountains is lower than the Main (the highest point - Mount Kubalach reaches 739 m). It stretches from the Mekenziev mountains near Sevastopol to Mount Agarmysh for 125 km.

The outer, or North, ridge is even lower - from 150 to 340 m, it is called the foothills.

The rocks from which it is composed lie at a slope: the southern slopes break off with steep cliffs, and the northern ones are gentle, long, gradually turning into a plain.

Steppe occupies a large territory of Crimea. It represents the southern edge of the East European, or Russian, plain and slopes slightly to the north. The Kerch Peninsula is divided by the Parpach Ridge into two parts: the southwestern - plain and the northeastern - hilly, which is characterized by the alternation of ring-shaped limestone ridges, gentle depressions, mud hills and coastal lake basins.

However, mud volcanoes they have nothing in common with real volcanoes, as they erupt not hot lava, but cold mud.

More than 52% of the territory of the republic is occupied by arable land, 4.7% - by orchards and vineyards.

The rest of the land is dominated by pastures and forests.

The expanses of Crimea

Square forests reaches 340 thousand.

ha. The slopes of the Crimean mountains are mainly occupied by oak forests (65% of the area of all forests), beech (14%), hornbeam (8%) and pine (13%).

On the southern coast in the forests grow relict high juniper, evergreen strawberry small-fruited, dull-leaved pistachio, a number of evergreen shrubs - butcher's broom, Crimean cistus, red pyracantha, shrub jasmine, etc.

On the peninsula 1657 rivers and temporary drains.

Their total length is 5996 kilometers. However, the vast majority of them are small, in summer, almost all drying up watercourses. There are only 257 rivers with a length of more than 5 km.

The most significant of the rivers in terms of their geographical location are divided into several groups: rivers of the northern and northeastern slopes of the Crimean Mountains (Salgir, the longest river of the peninsula, - 232 km; Wet Indol - 27 km; Churuksu - 33 km, etc.); rivers of the northwestern slope (Black - 41 km, Belbek - 63 km, Kacha - 69 km, Alma - 84 km, Western Bulganak - 52 km, etc.); rivers of the Southern coast of Crimea (Uchan-Su - 8.4 km, Derekoyka - 12 km, Ulu-Uzen - 15 km, Demerdzhi - 14 km, Ulu-Uzen Vostochny - 16 km, etc.); beams of the flat Crimea and the Kerch Peninsula.

The rivers of the northwestern slopes of the Crimean Mountains flow almost parallel to each other, up to the middle of the course they are typically mountainous.

The rivers of the northern slopes in the plain deviate to the east and flow into the Sivash. The short rivers of the South Bank, flowing into the Black Sea, are typically mountainous along their entire length.

The mountain river Uchan-Su runs down to the sea, forming waterfalls in four places.

Crimea. Baydarsky nature reserve. Waterfall Kozyrek during the period of snow melting (left).

One of the tributaries of the Black River during the high water period (right).

The main source of water for rivers is rainwater - 44-50% of the annual runoff; underground waters provide 28-36% and snow supply - 13-23%. The average long-term surface and underground runoff of the Crimea is slightly more than 1 billion cubic meters. water. This is almost three times less than the volume of water supplied to the peninsula annually through the North Crimean Canal. Natural reserves of local waters are used at the limit (73% of reserves are used).

The main surface runoff is regulated: several hundred ponds and more than 20 large reservoirs have been built (Simferopolskoye on the Salgir river, Chernorechenskoye on the Chernaya river, Belogorskoye on the Biyuk-Karasu river, etc.).

Through the North Crimean Canal, 3.5 billion cubic meters are supplied to the peninsula annually.

cubic meters of water, which made it possible to increase the area of irrigated land from 34.5 thousand hectares (1937) to 400 thousand hectares (1994).

In Crimea, mainly along the coast, there are more than 50 estuary lakes with a total area of 5.3 thousand sq. km used to obtain salts and therapeutic mud: Saki, Sasyk, Donuzlav, Bakal, Old, Red, Aktash, Chokrakskoe, Uzunlarskoe, etc.

Sources of:

All about Crimea: Reference and information publication / Under total.

ed. D.V. Omelchuk. - Kharkov: Karavella, 1999.

Ena V.G. The nature of Crimea // Crimea: present and future: Sat. articles - Simferopol: Tavria, 1995.

In this article we will tell you about Crimea skom peninsula. Despite the fact that in last years more and more tourists flock to the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, as well as to the tropical islands of Thailand.

But, Crimea it still remains a popular holiday destination for hundreds of thousands of people. Foreign tourists primarily visit capital city Ukraine - Kiev, which has many historical and architectural sights.

Crimea Peninsula and the Sea of Azov. View from space

In addition, in the city of Kiev, you can use the Internet right in the parks.

Crimea map

And if one of the tourists did not take his tablet computer on a trip, then he can buy a laptop Kiev at an affordable price in numerous FoxMart stores in the city, which offer a wide range of laptops from various world famous brands, such as: SAMSUNG, ACER, LENOVO, ASUS, HP, SONY and some others.

Thanks to the Internet and a laptop, you can learn a lot that is necessary, useful and, of course, interesting information, for example, about the Crimea peninsula.

Peninsula Crimea located in the southern part of the Republic of Ukraine. Geographically Crimea The sky peninsula belongs to the Northern Black Sea region.

On the territory of the peninsula Crimea are the Autonomous Republic Crimea, the city of Sevastopol, as well as part of the Kherson region. Peninsula Crimea in documents Russian Empire up to the 20s of the XX century it was called Tavrida.
After creation Soviet Union the Tavrida peninsula was renamed and received the name " Crimea».

The toponym " Crimea"Probably comes from the Türkic word" kyrym ", which literally means - rampart, wall, ditch.

The Crimean peninsula is washed by: in the west and south - the Black Sea, in the east - the Azov Sea, including the Sivash Bay. Peninsula Crimea deep into the Black Sea.

The area of the Crimean peninsula is approximately 26 860 km ², of which 72% is flat surface, 20% is Crimea mountains, 8% are water bodies - lakes, rivers.
The length of the coastline of the peninsula Crimea is over 1000 km.
The total length of the sea and land borders of the peninsula Crimea is more than 2500 km.
The greatest length Crimea of the peninsula in the direction from west to east between the picturesque capes Kara-Mrun and Fonar is approximately 325 km, and in the direction from north to south from the narrow Perekop isthmus to Cape Sarych is 205 km.

On the Black Sea coast there are largest bays: Karkinitsky gulf, Kalamitsky gulf, Feodosiya gulf.

On the coast of the Sea of Azov there are the following bays: Sivash Bay, Kazantip Bay and Arabat Bay.
In the east Crimea sky peninsula between the Black Sea and Sea of Azov there is the Kerch Peninsula, and in the west a tapering part Crimea and forms a relatively small Tarkhankut Peninsula.
In the northern part of the peninsula Crimea It is connected to the continent by the rather narrow Perekop isthmus, the width of which at its widest point does not exceed 8 km.

Peninsula Crimea by the nature of the relief, it is subdivided into platform-flat, which occupies 70% of the entire territory, the rest falls on the folded-mountain surface. On the southern part of the peninsula Crimea spread out beautiful Crimea sky mountains. The most high mountain peninsula Crimea- Mount Roman-Kosh, which reaches an altitude of 1545 meters above sea level.

Northernmost point Crimea Skogo peninsula is located on the Perekop Isthmus, its extreme southern point- this is a beautiful Cape Sarych, the extreme western point is Cape Kara-Mrun (Priboyny) on the Tarkhankut Peninsula, the extreme eastern point of the peninsula is Cape Fonar on the Kerch Peninsula.

Picturesque nature of the Crimean peninsula

Crimea is a popular seaside resort located in the southwest of Russia. The main reasons why people tend to the peninsula are considered: the sea and the mountains. Crimea it is washed by two seas: the Black and the Azov. Most of the resorts are located on the southern coast, the climate of which is comparable to the Cote d'Azur.

Crimea: history of the name of the peninsula

There are several versions of the origin of the name of the peninsula: from the Turkic “ Crimea"Is translated as" moat ".

Another version says that the name comes from the city of Kyrym, the former residence of the Golden Horde governor and became popular in the 13th century. This name was not the first for the peninsula - others are known in history:

Tavrika is the ancient name of the peninsula, derived from the Taurian tribe who previously inhabited these places.
Tavria is a name that came into use in the 15th century.
Taurida - came into use since 1783, when the peninsula became part of the Russian Empire.

Also, Crimea in different years was identified with Cimmeria and Lesser Scythia.

During the years of Soviet power, the Crimean region existed, after Ukraine gained independence - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and since 2014, the Republic of Crimea has appeared as part of Russia.

The geographical position of Crimea in brief

Crimea is washed from the east by the Azov Sea, from the south and west - by the Black Sea, and in the north of the peninsula is the salty Sivash Bay. Most of the territory of the peninsula is located in the temperate zone, and the South Coast - in the subtropical, thus providing an advantageous geographic location of Crimea as a resort.

The peninsula is divided into 3 conventional parts: steppe, mountains, southern coast. Extreme points of Crimea:

north - Perekop isthmus;
south - Cape Sarych (located at 44 ° 23'14 ″ N);
west - Cape Priboiny;
east - Cape Lantern.

The highest point is Roman-Kosh (1545 meters), located on Babugan-yaila.

18 settlements in Crimea have the status of a city. The most populated among them are Sevastopol, Simferopol and Kerch. The main resorts are Yalta, Alushta and Evpatoria.

The area of Crimea is 27 thousand km².

Cape Sarych - the southernmost point of Crimea

The capital of Crimea is Simferopol, the name of which translates as “collecting city”.

History of Crimea

Since ancient times, the peninsula has been the arena of military operations. Many nomadic tribes came here, then giving way to the stronger. That's why history of Crimea contains many bloody pages and has preserved them in her legends and traditions.

The first settlers of the peninsula in the Middle Paleolithic were the Neanderthals, whose sites were found in several places: Kiik-Koba, Chokurcha (considered the oldest human dwelling in Europe).

A little later, in the Mesolithic, Cro-Magnons appeared here.

Later, these places were inhabited by the Cimmerians in the XII century BC. e., as well as the Taurus and Scythians who came to these lands in the 7th century BC.

NS. Later, Greek settlers came to the lands of Taurida, organizing many cities on the coast and starting trade with the local population. This is how the Bosporan Kingdom, Chersonesus, Kerkinitida and a number of other cities appeared.

The Goths, Huns, Khazars, Byzantines, Tatars, Genoese, Turks left their mark here.

For a long time (1441 - 1783) the Crimean Khanate with its capital in Bakhchisarai was located here.

Most of the time it was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, and after passing under the rule of Russia, the Khanate was disbanded.

In 1475, these lands were captured Ottoman Empire, which defeated both the Genoese and the mountainous principality of Theodoro. The Turks ruled here for 3 centuries, but in 1774 Prince Dolgoruky annexed Taurida to the Russian Empire.

Before 1954 Crimea was part of Russia until it was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR.

In 2014, the peninsula returned to Russia.

The peninsula is full of unusual, interesting and mysterious things. I suggest you find out some Interesting Facts about Crimea:

You can find out more about Crimea on other pages of our site.

Where is Crimea located?

Where is Crimea on the map of Russia? The Crimean peninsula is located in the northern part of the Black Sea, and from the northeast it is washed by the Sea of Azov. In the north of Crimea, it is connected with the mainland Perekop Isthmus (bay).

Now, of course, many Russians are interested and curious to know how long it takes to fly to Crimea from different cities Russia, because the Crimean peninsula has become part of the Russian Federation and is likely to break the flow of tourists here.

On a detailed map of the Crimean coast, you can see that all coastline stretches for 2.5 thousand kilometers.

It is also interesting that on Black sea coast the main resort towns- Sochi and Abkhazia, which are competitors of Crimea in terms of tourism, therefore it is recommended to read an interesting article about comparing these places for the quality of rest and leisure - if it is better to relax: in Sochi or in the Crimea?

There are many mountain peaks, of which the highest is the Roman-Kosh, an altitude of 1545 meters.

The northernmost point of the peninsula is the Perekop Strait, to the south - at Cape Miklavts, in the west - at Cape Kara-Mran, in the east - at the cape, on the Kerch Peninsula.

Geography of Crimea

The Northern Channel is the largest on the peninsula.

Detailed map of the Crimea coast

In Yandex and Google, you can find detailed map cities of Crimea and cities where the most popular settlements on the peninsula will be defined as Yalta, Alushta, Alupka, Feodosia, Jalty, Sudak and others.

Sevastopol is a heroic city with many sights during World War II. The most famous natural and historical sights are the Crimean caves: marble, red and Emine-Bair-Khosar cave.

Map of cities and places

What is Crimea

climate and natural areas Crimea

Answers:

Crimea, despite its relatively small territory, has a varied climate. The climate of Crimea is divided into three subzones: Steppe Crimea (most of Crimea, north, west and center of Crimea). Crimean mountains Southern coast of Crimea The climate of the northern part is temperate continental, on the southern coast - with features similar to subtropical.

Average temperature in January is from −1 ... −3 ° C in the north of the steppe zone to + 1 ... −1 ° C in the south of the steppe zone, on the southern coast of Crimea from + 2 ... + 4 ° C. The average July temperature of the South Coast and the eastern part of Crimea: Kerch and Feodosia + 23 ... + 25 ° C. Precipitation ranges from 300-400 mm per year in the north to 1000-2000 mm in the mountains. In summer (in the second half of July) in the steppe part of Crimea, the daytime air temperature reaches + 35 ... + 37 ° C in the shade, at night up to + 23 ... + 25 ° C.

The climate is predominantly dry, with seasonal dry winds prevailing. The Black Sea warms up to + 25 ° C in summer. The Sea of Azov warms up to + 27 ... + 28 ° С. The steppe part of Crimea lies in the steppe zone of the temperate climate. This part of Crimea is distinguished by long dry and very hot summers and mild winters with little snow with frequent thaws and very changeable weather.

The Crimean Mountains are characterized by a mountainous type of climate with a pronounced zonation in altitude. Summers are also very hot and dry, while winters are humid and mild. The southern coast of Crimea is characterized by a sub-Mediterranean climate.

Snow cover is only temporary, it sets on average once every 7 years, frosts only when the Arctic anticyclone passes.